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*** My edits are in sections from Sexism in the automotive industry down.***

= Women in the automotive industry = From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Women began finding work when World War I began in 1914; they had to take the jobs of men who had gone to war. A wide range of jobs needed filling. Automotive machines were in large production around this time to supply the United States and other countries with vehicles for war. This was the start of women playing important roles in the automotive industry.

As at 2016, only 11% of the global workforce in the automotive industry were women, with large national industries such as Japan facing shortages in female engineers.

Notable women linked to the automotive industry

 * Bertha Benz- A German automotive pioneer. She was the business partner and wife of automobile inventor Karl Benz. She was known as the first person in history to drive an automobile over a long distance
 * Mrs. Alice Huyler Ramsey- founded and became president of the first "Women's Motoring Club" in the United States. On June 9, 1909, this 22-year-old housewife and mother began a 3,800-mile journey from Hell Gate in Manhattan, New York, to San Francisco, California, in a green, four-cylinder, 30-horsepower Maxwell DA.
 * Florence Lawrence - Actress and car enthusiast born in 1886. Lawrence was the first person to develop for herself what we now call "turn signals". Using flags on either side of the car, she could remotely lift them to signal that she was turning a certain direction. This had never been seen before, and is now such a crucial mechanic that using turn signals is part of the United States' driving laws. Lawrence was also the first to come up with a system to alert drivers behind her that she was slowing down, by holding a sign out of the driver's side window that read "Stop". Although Lawrence never patented this, she is still given credit for playing an important role which has lasted into modern-day automotive design.


 * Charlotte Bridgwood - Mother of Florence Lawrence and automotive enthusiast. Bridgwood was responsible for developing the windshield wiper in 1917.


 * Hedy Lamarr- Co-invented an early technique for spread spectrum communications which paved the way for the wireless transmission technology (WiFi) that allows us to enjoy the internet and Bluetooth.
 * Dr. Gladys West- An African American mathematician who worked for the United States Naval Weapons Laboratory in the 1950s. She completed the computations and processed data to help determine the exact location of satellites. This work was a major contribution to the accuracy of the modern GPS systems we use every day.
 * Michelle Christensen - Christensen is the first women to lead of a "supercar" design team, working on Honda/Acura's most expensive car, the NSX. No other women had previously had a lead design on a exotic car.


 * Mary Barra - The first female CEO of a major global automaker, at General Motors.
 * Alicia Boler Davis- First African-American women to become a GM manufacturing plant manager. Current, Executive VP of Global Manufacturing at General
 * Barb Samardzich - COO of Ford Europe.
 * Pamela Fletcher - VP of Global Electric Vehicle Programs at General Motors.

Mistreatment
The automotive industry is thought of as one of the most sexist industries for women to work in. A survey conducted by Automotive news in 2017 found and concluded the following information. "The issues facing women working in automotive are far more severe and the sexism far deeper than in other industries. It's a complete shame and an embarrassment” (Carty et al. 2017); 25% of women who took part in this survey said they have felt unsafe during their career. (13) Many women experience inappropriate questions during their hiring process and often are directed to complete lower level tasks. Many women also report that they have experienced unwanted sexual advances and harassment from male colleagues, customers, and bosses. Women in the industry also report receiving criticism such as being bossy, difficult, quiet, and or aggressive. They are also told to wear more feminine clothes and often directed to change in skirts instead of pants. Sexism in the industry is typically not reported because women fear being marked as a problematic or difficult employee. Another problem women experience in the workplace is either being excluded from male dominated group events (such as golfing or going to strip clubs) and being forced to do networking events so their companies can have a woman representing them. Additionally, 84% of women report experiencing demeaning comments from men and 71% that men do not acknowledge them during meetings. (13)

A specific example is seen in the New Yorker Article by Sheelah Kolhatkar where she discusses the experience of AJ Vandermeyden who joined Tesla in 2013 as a product specialist in their sales department. During her time there, she experienced sexism and mistreatment both in her low salary and through derogatory comments made by coworkers. While working in a group as the only woman, she learned that her salary was lower than all of her coworkers, despite them doing the same work. She also noticed that “sometimes, when female employees walked through certain areas of the plant, male workers whistled, catcalled, and made derogatory comments. Women called it the ‘predator zone’”, so she started wearing safety glasses and steel toed shoes to work (Kolhatkar, 2017). While Kolhatkar gives examples from Tesla at the beginning of her 2017 New Yorker article, she also goes on to explain instances of women from several other auto businesses who experience sexual assault and harassment at their places of work. Despite some being able to file lawsuits against their perpetrators, one woman claims that she does not believe the industry as it stands is capable of changing, demonstrating the toxicity of the currently male dominated industry. (17)

Gender Pay Gap
The Transport and General Workers’ unions in the UK made an agreement to get rid of the gender pay gap with Rover company in 1930. It was not implemented, but it showed that there was a general agreement that the difference between men and women's wages  is a problem that needs to be addressed.

According to Kongsberg Automotive, the gender pay gap in the UK increased by 7% from the years 2016/17 to 2017/18, with women more likely to receive bonuses than women. (9) While very few companies in the UK pay women more than men, Tesla motors does currently show an average being paid 4.6% more than men. (14) Only 26% of companies that have submitted their gender pay gap figures have women being paid more than men on average. (14)

Women in Formula 1

 * Leila Lombardi-40 years ago drove in a grand prix for Italy. (12)
 * Susan Wolff - in 2017 - took part in the 2014 British Grand Prix driving for Williams Formula 1 team. However, she was only driving for a practice session and never actually raced. (12)
 * Wolff is also an ambassador for the FIA Women in Motorsport commission, aimed at providing mentoring opportunities for young girls interested in careers in motorsports.
 * Claire Williams - had recently been running as the deputy team principal of Williams, but stepped down earlier this year in 2020. (12)
 * Monisha Katlenborn -Formula 1’s first female team principal while she ran the Sauber team. She stepped down in 2017. (12)
 * Women have also had roles behind the scenes in Formula 1, such as Kate Beaven, who joined F1 management as a commercial lawyer. She is now the global director of hospitality and experiences. (12)

Women in NASCAR

 * Sara Christian- First woman to ever complete in a NASCAR race on June 19, 1949 at Charlotte Motor Speedway. (15)
 * Janet Guthrie- Originally an aerospace engineer who joined racing 1963 and joined NASCAR in 1976 . (15)
 * In 1980, Guthrie was one of the first elected into the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame and was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2006. (15)


 * Danica Patrick- Tied Janet Guthrie for the best finish by a woman in NASCAR’s premier series. She has had 6 top ten finishes and won the Rookie of the Year award in the IndyCar Series. (15)

Women in W Series

 * Launched in 2018, the W Series is the first all women racing team. (16)
 * Their message is that women and men can fairly race each other as long as they are given equal opportunities.(16)
 * As of 2019, their top driver standings are.(16)
 * Jamie Chadwick- 20 year old British racer who won the inaugural W Series championship in 2019. She has won 9 races and had 27 podiums. (16)
 * Beitske Visser- 24 year old racer from the Netherlands. She has won 7 races and had 11 podiums. (16)
 * Alice Powell-26 year old British driver who has won 23 races and received 59 podiums. (16)
 * Recently, W Series has partnered with Formula 1 for 2021 and hope there can be a woman Grand Prix winner in the future. (16)