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Front row: Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, Carl Jung; Back row: Abraham A. Brill, Ernest Jones, Sándor Ferenczi, at: Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts. Psychodynamics or psychodynamic theory refers to a group of ideas that are the same in one way. These theories say that many things that can change how people act and feel are not things that the people know about and can easily talk about. These fears, wishes, or conflicts are said to be unconscious. If people know about a thing and have words to talk about it, we say that they are conscious of that thing. If someone did not have words, but could draw a picture of something, we would also say that they are conscious of that thing. Something is called unconscious in psychodynamic theory if it changes how people act and feel but the people cannot say why they are feeling the way they feel or acting the way they act. Babies and young children cannot talk to other people or to themselves. Because they do not have words until they grow up, they do not remember many things that happened or that made them feel bad. Some psychodynamic theories say that things that babies and young children want, but do not get, stay in their minds as unconscious wishes. Some psychodynamic theories say that things that upset or hurt babies and young children stay in their minds as unconscious fears. Unconscious wishes and unconscious fears are some of the kinds of unconscious things that these theories say can make people feel bad. Some important psychodynamic theorists were Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Anna Freud and Melanie Klein. Sigmund Freud believed that issues in adulthood were the result of not completing one of his stages in childhood. This is also known as psychosexual development. There were five stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Psychodynamic therapy- focuses on unconscious thought processes which manifest themselves in a client's behavior. The approach seeks to increase a client's self-awareness and understanding of how the past has influenced present thoughts and behaviors, by exploring their unconscious patterns(1).

History The history of the psychodynamic approach all started when a patient named Anna O suffered from the disease hysteria in her lifetime from 1800 to 1882. Dr. Joseph Breuer, a friend and mentor of famous psychoanalyist Sigmund Freud, treated Anna O, and both Dr. Breuer and Freud came to a hypothesis that every hysteria is the product of a traumatic experience and it can not coexist with a person's view of life. Freud came to publish a book about it called, "Studies on Hysteria", and become reknowned as "the father of psychoanalysis". By the year 1900, Freud explained the impact of psychoanalytical happenings after publication of his first major book, "The Interpretation of Dreams". By 1902, Freud not only formed the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (formerly known as Psychological Wednesday Society) but traveled the world to teach on about their new findings on mental illnesses with famous intellectuals such as Sandor Ferenczi, Hanns Sachs, Otto Rank, Karl Abraham, Max Eitingon, Ernest Jones, and many more. They came to identify themselves as the "Committee", a group of devoted followers to Freud, and taught later intellectual figures like William James, Franz Boas, and Adolf Meyer. As this "Committee" traveled around for many years, they founded the International Psychoanalytic Association in the United States leaded by Carl Jung (Freud's appointed successor) and in many other places in the world like Europe. Discussions of theory formation, treatment processes, and how the new discipline would be incorporated into new cultures were held in these new groups.

Later on, other famous psychoanalyists joined with Freud either trying to integrate knowledge with him or assisting in making his works known. Among them were Jung and Anna Freud. Since Jung was studying the mental illness schizophrenia, he became closely affiliated with Freud but later on split because of his skepticism of Freud's sexual definitions of the libido and incest. His final hiatus from Freud was when he went on to develop his own theories on the unconscious and when he published his book, "Wandlungen and Symbole der Libido(in English known as The Psychology of the Unconscious)". His journey led him to meander through Eastern and Western religions, myths, alchemy, and even flying saucers. Anna Freud (Freud's daughter) became a major impetus for British psychology be applying Sigmund Freud's theories on psychoanalysis to children. She even came to write a book named, "The Ego and the Mechanism of Defense (1936)".

Through a collection of great intellectuals and even his own daughter, Sigmund Freud was one of the core leaders of the psychodynamic approach.

References: 1 - Counseling Directory-Psychoanalytical and psychodynamic therapies- http://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/psychoanalytical.html Category: Psychology