User:Ddaugher22/sandbox

Outline:
The focus of this review article will be on the effects of climate change on our agricultural and food systems. Especially recently we have seen the food systems be stressed in a way that we have not seen before with the Covid-19 pandemic. This raises many questions about how our food systems will be able to support us as the conditions for growing food becomes less optimal. In the article that is currently written about climate change and agriculture, we see that small changes to our environment can have big and lasting impacts on the amount of food we are able to produce each year. On the current trend, the effects of climate change will only continue to get worse and therefore we must adapt our current agricultural systems to that change in order for us to be successful. In this article review, we will look at some of the most common actions that we are currently taking in order to fight the effects of climate change as well as newer research that is happening in order to give us a leg up in this food race. First, however, we will need to define climate change and describe how we, as humans, are only fueling the fire to the problem.

After opening the review up by examining the basic knowledge that we have on the agricultural world and climate change we will look to find evidence that it is indeed making an impact on production. It is important to provide evidence in an article like this to prove that a change actually needs to happen in order for us to stay successful. In a couple of our sources, we have a few important graphs that should be described to show the current trend of our own environment. Once the review of our current knowledge is done we will look to the new research that is being done in this area. The two main fields of interest will be, what can be done to lower the emissions to the climate change effects in the agricultural field and how will climate change impact production on a yearly basis.

Next, we will split agriculture into smaller sections to make it easier to digest and understand. Before this, we were talking about agriculture on a broad scale but during this next section we will break it down so we can show more specific impacts that climate change will have on it. These will be in 3 different sections which will include Agronomy, crop science, and livestock. Agronomy is the science behind producing plants for food, fuel, or other various resources. A great example of this would be the mass production of corn that our country needs on a yearly basis. Corn is produced and used in so many different types of products that it is essential to our food system to have in a large quantity. Crop science is the backbone behind producing crops but also the study of the environment that the crops are set to grow in, in our case this will be an extremely important section. Lastly, we will talk about how climate change and livestock interact. We know already that livestock helps contribute to the climate change problem via methanol but we can also end the review by talking about how much the lack of production of plants as feed will impact our livestock production moving forward as well.

Citations:

 * "Worries grow that climate change will quietly steal nutrients from major food crops". Science News. 2017-12-13. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
 * "5. Contribution of main sources in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions". dx.doi.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
 * "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Food Security Through Sustainable Crop Production./Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Food Security Through Sustainable Crop Production./Annual report: crop improvement and seed". 2012.
 * Mohapatra, Sabita (2018-02-28), "Climate Change and Food Security", Climate Change, New Security Challenges and the United Nations, Routledge, pp. 81–124, ISBN 978-1-315-27208-5, retrieved 2020-05-11

Citations, Sources, and Links:

 * All links work inside of the article and also the links to citations connect correctly
 * There are 160 references inside of this article
 * The first 4 citations provide the bulk of the evidence for the main points made regarding agriculture and the effect that climate change is having/going to have on it
 * The source I found the most relevant was the second source about stealing nutrients from crops: "Worries grow that climate change will quietly steal nutrients from major food crops"

Bias, Source Strength, and Reliability:

 * There are many sources used in this article and when looking through the sources almost all of them come from recognizable sources, there are a few however that seem a little questionable to me.
 * Questionable sources include:
 * "Glaciers melting at an alarming speed" Peoples Internet Daily
 * "Ganges, Indus may not survive: climatologists" Rediff.com
 * The sources in general seem very reliable, there are many sources from big scientific journals as well as sources that also have good reasoning and citations behind there work.
 * For the most part the source strength is high and so is the reliability

What is missing?

 * This article does an amazing job at explaining the effects of climate change on agriculture, whether that be plants, animals, or land use
 * The biggest thing this article is missing and needs to have added however is an explanation on what climate change is, this is because it assumes a good amount of knowledge already there. Because of this class and other classes its easy to understand thoughts on nitrogen change and radiation due to climate change.  Without that knowledge however it would be confusing, but by adding that it would be a very well rounded article
 * There is over 150+ citations inside of the article, the only one missing I could find was a link to a graph/image in the land use section. They state the article it is pulled from however for some reason it is not linked like every other source in this article.

Talk Portion:
The biggest subject that comes up in the talk section of the article is the general improvement on how the information is being presented so it can be represented better. They think that the biggest piece missing is a better definition of agriculture itself. They need a portion that defines exactly what they are talking about so it is not misunderstood. After reading what they wrote I would also agree with these statements. I think agriculture in general is to broad of a term and defining what they are talking about more specifically.

Who is the publication directed to?

 * People who are interested in learning more about climate change or preventing it from getting worse
 * Anybody involved in climatology or a related science field
 * Big businesses who produce or use aerosols that are getting into the air
 * Not directly aimed at the general public as some of the processes being covered can be difficult to understand without a general knowledge
 * People in the geoengineering space as the research found could help them minimize the harmful effects due to aerosols

What main topics or themes does your chosen section of the publication cover?
The main or centralized theme that this publication covers is solar radiation management and the effect that aerosols have on the solar radiation balance and climate system. It is stated that aerosols that deposit onto surfaces on the ground increase the amount of radiation being absorbed. This is predicted to lessen the amount of precipitation that we get worldwide. It will be a small decrease worldwide but overall will have a larger increase. Aerosols in the air will lead to an increase in effects of climate change through the increase of solar radiation absorption.

Summary of the Source:
This source goes over the roles and impacts that clouds and aerosols have at climate change in the form of solar radiation. Solar radiation management (SRM) is the mitigation of the increase of solar radiation on the environment mostly due to man made events. Aerosols that are being produced or used increases solar radiation absorption into our atmosphere by changing how well surfaces can absorb the radiation. The more aerosols in the air, the more aerosols will form on land surfaces and further increase SRM [comment: not clear how SRM is "increased"]. This is most important on surfaces such as snow and ice because it warms the surfaces continuously by absorbing radiation. This combined with a surface such as ice will only lead to the further melting of the ice caps and much of the arctic which by now we know is linked to global warming. A similar but opposite effect is occurring with clouds and precipitation rates. As temperatures continue to increase we have seen an increase in heavy precipitation rates in areas that have not experienced this normally. This means that an increasing temperature can be linked to more cloud coverage which helps to insulate the atmosphere further. The good news is that there are some SRM models that are shown to offset the temperature change due to aerosol use which could help to compensate with the effects of climate change, however the confidence of this model is low so it may be a bit of a long shot.