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Cultural depictions of Beatrice I of Burgundy

In Beatrice's era, the intercession system in which the previous empresses and queens had played a prominent role (For example, Gertrude of Sulzbach intervened in 25 percent of the documents issued by Conrad III, Barbarossa's predecessor.) was abandoned by the Hohenstaufens and replaced with the witness system. The empresses and queens only played a limited role in the new system, which makes it difficult for modern researchers to gauge the extent of influence empresses and queens actually had from the middle of the twelfth century onwards. Beatrice never appeared as a witness in Barbarossa's documents. But according to Uebach, current research shows that her role in the court of Barbarossa was actually much more active than previpusly assumed. She intervened on behalf of Italian cities like Milan and Piacenza, her relatives, religious orders and hospitals and hospices (apparently, Barbarossa's interest in hospitals and hospices only began since the wedding to Beatrice). In one case, when she intervened for her relative William of Montferrat (in October 1164), she did not make a request, but an express demand – an extremely rare phenomenon in the case of an intervention by an empress in the medieval time. Moreover, she had an important role in the introduction of the customs of chivalry and chivalrous poetry originated from her native Burgundy and Flanders, the land ruled by her relatives.

In Burgundy, she ruled in her own rights and issued documents in her own name. It seems the plan to create a junior Hohenstaufen line that would rule Burgundy was established since the beginning of the marriage. Extants documents also

by Christian Uebach https://d-nb.info/98632115X/34
 * Die Ratgeber Friedrich Barbarossas (1152 – 1167)

https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mf09/0199/image,info Ursula Vones-Liebenstein writes that the Barbarossa-Beatrice marriage brought the Hohenstaufen dynasty into the wide-spread Burgundy-Ivrea relative system, that gained them loỷal supporters such as the counts of Mömpelgard and Pfirt in Burgundy, the Margraves of Montferrat in northern Italy and the Dukes of Burgundy themselves. Vones-Liebenstein links the signs of the weakening of alliance during the later years of Barbarossa's reign with the crisis in the relationship between the imperial couples. The cracks showed themselves already during the early 1170s (even before the Venice treaty in 1177), as could be seen in the way Barbarossa treated the count of Flanders and her cousins in Vienne und Mäcon. After the Venice treaty, the problem became worse with the dismissall of the three bishops of Lausanne, Basel, Metz (whose sees bordered Burgundy) and the damnatio memoriae of Herbert von Besan (who was one of the most loyal Hohenstaufen supporters in Burgundy), and the non-recognition of Beatrice as Empress. Henry VI continued to trust and rely on the network though, especially since he took control of both Italian and Burgundian affairs in 1184. This was why only some years after her death, the king made a sea equipment donation to Burgundy.

by Claudia Zey
 * Imperatrix, si venerit Romam … Zu den Krönungen von Kaiserinnen im Mittelalter

https://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a123898.pdf

by Amalie Fößel
 * Politische Handlungsspielräume der Königin im hochmittelalterlichen Reich

https://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a124846.pdf

by Amalie Fößel
 * Handlungsspielräume hochmittelalterlicher Königinnen

https://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a139170.pdf

MATILDA PLANTAGENET AND HER SISTERS by JITSKE JASPERSE https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1jpf1s4
 * MEDIEVAL WOMEN, MATERIAL CULTURE, AND POWER

by Knut Görich https://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a139164.pdf
 * Kaiserin Beatrix

https://books.google.com.vn/books/?id=884ZAAAAIAAJ
 * Kaiserin Beatrix, Gemahlin Friedrichs I. Barbarossa by Felicia von Keszycka

Reviews: by Claudia Zey http://www.sehepunkte.de/2020/07/33684.html --- Poems
 * Clemens Regenbogen: Das burgundische Erbe der Staufer (1180-1227)

Ille et Galeron by Gautier d'Arras --- Novels

https://www.ruhrnachrichten.de/selm/autor-michael-peinkofer-liest-aus-barbarossa-im-schatten-des-kaisers-w1737116-2000482359/
 * Barbarossa - Im Schatten des Kaisers: Historischer Roman by Michael Peinkofer


 * Schwert und Krone by Sabine Ebert


 * Beatrice von Burgund – Die Königin Friedrich Barbarossas Dorothea von Choltitz

https://hbs.humboldt-konstanz.de/2021/11/22/30-11-21-beatrice-von-burgund-die-koenigin-friedrich-barbarossas/

byEleonore Dehnerdt
 * Und Barbarossa weinte: In Memoriam Kaiserin Beatrix von Burgund


 * Der Blutfluch By Marie Cristen · 2014 https://www.google.com/books/edition/Der_Blutfluch/0TbRngEACAAJ?hl=en


 * Das Geheimnis der Äbtissin Roman By Johanna Marie Jakob · 2012 https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Geheimnis_der_Äbtissin/t9T_ugAACAAJ?hl=en