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Dr Med Vet FRIEDRICH MARTIN DUTTENHOFER (Stuttgart 1810-Ludwigsburg 1859)

Friedrich Martin Duttenhofer was a veterinarian, translator and poet who published many and varied works in his short life. He also served as regiments veterinarian in the Royal Calvary under Bismarck. As a researcher he went to the then Dutch colony in Suriname, South America as part of a government delegation from 1852-1854. For his contributions in this area he received from King Wilhelm the Royal Medallion for Art and Science in 1854.

Famous Artistic Parents

Friedrich Martin was born in Stuttgart on 7 February 1810 into an artist family. His father was the painter and engraver Christian Friedrich Traugott Duttenhofer (1778-1846) from Gronau in Bottwartal. Christian grew up in Heilbronn where his father was the assigned pastor. After an initial training in Stuttgart, he studied in Dresden where he learned landscape painting at Klengel, and continued at the art academy in Vienna. He then moved to Paris where he developed his actual gift, copper engraving, and displayed in this technique works by famous painters such as Domenichino, Poussin, Paul Bril and Jan Both. After his travels, in particular to Italy, he finally returned to Stuttgart. Here he created a great copper engraving of the Cologne Dom, one of his best-known and by his contemporaries greatly admired pieces. Sulpiz Boisserée (1783-1854) had commissioned this work on this grand church building and its planned completion. Even Goethe described this work by Duttenhofer as particularly successful. In 1804 Christian Duttenhofer married his cousin, the artistic, sensitive Christiane Louise Hummel (1776-1829) from Waiblingen. She came from a well-known pastoral family just like her husband, but lost her father at a very young age. Louise, who grew up in Stuttgart, was highly gifted and as a child had already shown a clear talent for drawing and cutting out with scissors. Her wish to follow an artistic career was dismissed by her mother and family as impracticable and unheard of in Württemberg. So at eighteen years old she had to give up her drawing exercises to deal with housework. While doing so, she made up for her lack of formal education through diligent reading in the fields of history, archeology, mythology and literature. At the same time she concentrated on cutting out black paper, with which she acquired so much experience over time that, as Gustav Schwab said in the memorial words about her, she elevated silhouettes-cutting to a new line of visual art. After their wedding, Louise escorted Duttenhofer to Rome, to further develop her skills under his leadership. After one and a half years, however, the events of the war with Napoleon and family reasons forced them to return to Stuttgart.

Childhood Years in Stuttgart

In Stuttgart Louise, as a young woman, was able to fulfill her domestic duties as well as practice and develop her art, and to gather a circle of like-minded friends around her. Among them were, besides the poet and literary Friedrich Matthisson (1761-1831) and the sculptor Dannecker (1758-1841), the librarian and pointer Friedrich Haug (1761-1829), the merchant and writer Heinrich Rapp (1761-1832) and the Boisserée brothers. The Duttenhofer couple were much in the literary and artistic circles of Stuttgart, who met in the houses of the Rapp, Georgii, Hartmann-Reinbeck and Schwab families, small but important cultural centers of the city. There she met men like the publisher Cotta, the philosopher Schelling, but also literary greats, who stopped in Stuttgart like Achim von Arnim, Ludwig Tieck, Jean Paul, Count Platen-Hallermünde, to name a few. Louise captured almost all of them in her cut-out silhouettes. The house of the Duttenhofers at the outer city wall of Stuttgart, Kasernenstrasse 10 (now Leuschnerstrasse), was not far from Büchsentor next to the orphanage Paulinepflege in semi-rural surroundings. Stuttgart then had around 22,500 inhabitants (1820) and still fitted in the Neskenbach-flowing basin Talkessel, whose slopes around it were covered with vineyards. It was a little paradise, as if created just for the artist couple. In this world full of artistic life and witty stimuli, Friedrich Martin was born as the third or fourth child of the Duttenhofer family. A total of 7 children were given to Louise, of which only three remained alive: Marie Louise (1807-1839), who was married to Dr. Christian Friedrich August Tafel; Friedrich Martin, named after his godfather Friedrich Matthisson, and Anton Raphael (1812-1843) who continued the profession of his father. From Friedrich's childhood there are two scissors cuttings from the mother's hand. In the one he is depicted in the family circle at a birthday of the grandmother Louise Hummel, holding a pigeon in his hand and a squirrel climbing up his thigh; in the other he studies the battle between a cat and a dog. The daily interaction with animals, which played an important role in the Duttenhofer home, may have had some influence on his later occupation.

Doctoral Degree in Medicine

After completing the grammar school in Stuttgart, Friedrich Martin started at the state university in Tübingen in 1828 to study medicine. At the time, this field was in a turnaround; anatomy and physiology, as comparative sciences, were much more comprehensive than before, and humans and animals were equally involved in research and education. Many anatomists were simultaneously zoologists such as the famous naturalist Lorenz Ohen (1779-1851) from Bohlsbach bei Offenburg, or George Cuvier (1769-1832) from the Württembergische Moempelgard and trained at the Stuttgart Hohen Carlsschule. The holistic anatomy conception led to important discoveries, including the reinvention of the intermediate jawbone (os intermaxillare, os incisivum) known by Goethe's discovery and publication from the year 1786, "About the intermediate jaw of humans and animals". Duttenhofer's teacher, the Tübinger physician Wilhelm Rapp (1794-1868), was also an anatomist, physiologist and zoologist at the same time. He seems to have suggested the thesis "On the multiple construction of the stomachs of different animals", with which Dutenhofer then promoted under Rapps presidium. The student was in Tübingen for just a year when fate hit hard in his life. The beloved and famous mother died in Stuttgart on May 16, 1829 and was then buried in the cemetery Hoppenlau-Friedhof. During a longer stay in Munich for the completion of her artistic education she was struck by a fatal illness. This brought a sudden end to the rich life in the Stuttgart house, graced with grape vines and the coming and going of well-known men and women. Louise had been the soul of the house, now it was abandoned. Her husband was deeply struck by the loss. In 1833 he sold the Stuttgart house to his friend Wolfgang Menzel and went back to his place of origin Heilbronn. There he put an end to his life on 16 April 1846 because of an incurable tongue cancer. The son Friedrich also moved with his father to Heilbronn, as the certificate issued on March 30, 1833 as his Official Admission as Doctor states Dr. Duttenhofer from Heilbronn. The documents drawn up by the Ministry of the Interior included the diplomas in the disciplines of internal medicine, surgery and obstetrics, each with their secondary subjects. In all three, the candidate had achieved it with "right gut" (very good), "gut" (good) and "rightly ordered" (very satisfying) and only in a few minor cases with "ganz genügend" (broadly sufficient).

Further training in Veterinary Medicine

Duttenhofer initially started his career as a practicing doctor in Möhringen, then a small municipality on the Filder, now a district of great Stuttgart, to thereafter establish himself in Heilbronn. But only for a short time, because then his career increasingly moved towards veterinary medicine, for which he had shown great interest during his studies, as the topic of his doctoral thesis proved. In Württemberg at that time, there was a strong shortage of well-trained veterinarians, which led the government to recruit for this profession at Tübbingen among the upcoming doctors. This recruitment fell into well-prepared soil with Friedrich Martin Duttenhofer, and now the seed was sprouting. In addition, the "Thierarzneischule" (veterinary school) founded in 1821, sought suitable teachers after the death of its former leader, Director Walz, in the year 1834. Duttenhofer had already made a "study trip" to Vienna in 1833, to acquire the veterinary knowledge he still lacked at the vet school there. Now, in 1834, he formally applied for the vacant vacancy at the Stuttgart school. After the data check his application was accepted and at the same time his further training assessed. From the 9th of January 1835, a "Highest Resolution of His Royal Majesty" granted for "the practicing physician Duttenhofer in Heilbronn a one-year stay at a foreign veterinary institution for his training as a teacher in the veterinary profession ". For that he received 800 Reichsmarks of travel money, which was later increased by 200 Reichsmarks. Training place would be Berlin, a further trip to Dresden and Vienna was planned.

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Bibliography

Eggert, O.K. "Duttenhofer, Friedrich Martin. Tierarzt, Übersetzer und Dichter. 1810-1859. Von Dr. med. vet. Ottokarl Eggert in Grebenstein, Bezirk Kassel". LEBENSBILDER AUS SCHWABEN UND FRANKEN XII. Im Auftrag der Kommission fuer geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Wuerttemberg herausgegeben von Robert Uhland. W. Kohlkammer Verlag Stuttgart, 1972. pp 213-236.