User:Debora.ds/History of Indonesia in the era of the Islamic kingdom

The Islamic Kingdom in Indonesia in estimation lasted between the 12th and 13th centuries. One of the reasons for the development of these Kingdoms was the increase in maritime trade traffic that occurred. Islamic traders from Arab, India, Persia and China mingled with Indonesian society which led to the spread of Islam in Indonesia. This Kingdom spread rapidly in several regions in Indonesia, namely Sumatra, Java, Maluku and Sulawesi. The arrival of Islam in Indonesia marked the emersion of a new era in various aspects of life that developed in society. The rules of life start to become an inseparable and begin to be practiced or implemented in every aspect of life. These rules of life are not only related to aspects of formal legality which have legal nuances, but also the values ​​contained in the teachings of the Islamic religion which are related to economic, cultural, social and even political aspects of life which are part of how Islam approaches society.

The beginning of Islam's arrival in Indonesia was different in every regions, because there were several areas that had been penetrated by Islam since the early age and some that had never been converted to Islam. Islamic historians argue that Islam first entered Indonesia on the island of Sumatra (around the 7th and 8th centuries AD). Meanwhile, Islam entered Java when Fatimah bint Maimun was buried in Laren (Gresik) around 475 AH (1082 AD). The arrival of Islam to the eastern part of Indonesia to Maluku also can;t be separated from trading activities, which were estimated to have occurred in the 14th century AD. In Kalimantan, especially in the Banjarmasin area, the process of Islamization in this area occurred around 1550 AD. Meanwhile, on the island of Sulawesi, especially in the southern part, Muslim traders were visited in the 15th century AD. Meanwhile around the 12th century the Muslim community then grew the Islamic Kingdom and a number of Islamic Kingdoms were recorded in the archipelago such as Perlak, Pasai, Aceh Darussalam, Pagaruyung, Kepaksian Sekala Brak, Banten, Demak, Mataram, and so on. Also recorded that the Kingdoms of Gowa, Tallo, Bone in Sulawesi, Ternate and Tidore in Maluku.

From the variety of Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia, the Samudera Pasai Sultanate was the first Islamic Kingdom that emerged in the Middle Ages, namely in 1267 AD. Evidence that the Samudera Pasai Sultanate was an Islamic Kingdom can be proven from the opinion of a Muslim adventurer from Morocco named Abu Abdullah Ibnu. Batuthah in 1304 AD – 1368 AD who traveled to the Samudera Pasai. The Samudera Pasai Sultanate became one of the spreaders of Islam in the 11th-12th centuries, which resulted in the number of followers of Islam surpassing the number of followers of Hinduism and Buddhism, which were previously the most dominant religions in Java, parts of Sumatra, as well as Bali and other islands. Eastern Indonesia. The Samudera Pasai Sultanate has also become a center for Islamic studies in Indonesia because of the involvement and hard work from the figures or leaders in the Samudera Pasai Sultanate itself. The famous figure or leader of the Samudera Pasai Sultanate in the spread of Islam was Sultan Malik Al-Shaleh. Sultan Malik Al-Shaleh was the son of Gayo, a former soldier of the Daya Pasai sultanate. At first he was named Meurah Silu and had not yet converted to Islam. However, not long after Raja Merah Silu dreamed of meeting the Prophet Muhammad SAW, he converted to Islam and changed his name.

Since the end of the 15th century AD and the beginning of the 16th century AD, trading centers on the north coast, such as Gresik, Demak, Dermayu, Cirebon and Banten have shown religious activities carried out by wali sanga in Java. This activity then emerged as a political force with the existence of the Demak Kingdom as the first Islamic ruler in Java who succeeded in attacking the capital of Majapahit. Wali Sanga, with the help of the Demak, Pajang and Mataram Kingdoms, were able to expand Islam to all important areas in Java, even outside Java, such as Banjarmasin, Hitu, Ternate, Tidore and Lombok. The development of Islam structurally or at the bureaucratic level began with the conversion of kings who were then followed by their people. The conversion of these rulers facilitated the quantitative acceleration of Islamic development. In fact, with the introduction of Islam into the group of nobles and kings, in the end they would deepened the understanding of Islam in their community and this was the beginning of the emersion of the figure of sultan who turn into a theologian.

At the end of the 16th century AD, there was no decline in the spread of Islam through the Kingdoms. This did not have a broad influence on changes in Islamic law, although it remains a living part of Indonesian society. The influence of no decline in Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia is directly proportional to the emergence of V.O.C (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) as a representative of colonialism with a commercial (trade) motive. The transition period of control of Indonesian territory from Islamic Kingdoms to the V.O.C and the Dutch Kingdom, did not directly change the situation of Indonesian society in practicing Islamic rules which had been integrated into the rituals of Indonesian Muslim religious life. This condition is demonstrated by the attitude of the colonial authorities to maintain religious justice institutions in the regions of Aceh, Jambi, South and East Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Gajo, Alas, Tapanuli and South Sumatra, and Java, even though they remain under the district courts.

History of The Islamic Kingdom in Indonesia
The entry of Islam into the archipelago (Indonesia) in the late 7th century brought by the Al-Mujahids of period I or First Phase, has brought many changes and developments to society, customs and culture and government. These changes and developments can be seen clearly with the establishment of Kingdoms that started with a Hindu style and embraced animism and adopted the Islamic religion, including the following:

Islamic Kingdom in Sumatra

 * Jeumpa Kingdom (770-880)
 * Peureulak Sultanate (840-1292)
 * Samudera Pasai Sultanate (1267-1521)
 * Lamuri Sultanate (800-1503)
 * Linge Kingdom (1025-Now)
 * Siguntur Kingdom (1250-Now)
 * Indrapura Sultanate (1347-1792)
 * Pagaruyung Kingdom (1347-1825)
 * Pedir Kingdom (1400-1524)
 * Daya Kingdom (1480-Now)
 * Aceh Sultanate (1496-1903)
 * Sungai Pagu Kingdom (1500-Now)
 * Bungo Setangkai Kingdom
 * Jambi Sultanate (1615-Now)
 * Asahan Sultanate (1630-Now)
 * Serdang Sultanate (1723-Now)
 * Deli Sultanate (1632-Now)
 * Langkat Sultanate (1568-Now)
 * Siak Sultanate (1723-Now)
 * Palembang Sultanate (1455-Now)
 * Riau Lingga Sultanate (1824-1911)
 * City Pinang Sultanate (1630-1946)
 * Pelalawan Sultanate (1725-1946)
 * Indragiri Kingdom (1347-1945)
 * Aru Kingdom (1200-1613)
 * Barus Sultanate (1300-1858)
 * Padang Kingdom (1630-1946)
 * Tamiang Kingdom (1330-1558)
 * Tulang Bawang Kingdom
 * Padang Laweh Kingdom, Dharmasraya (1213-1901)
 * Sekala Brak Kingdom (1289-1909)
 * Sidabutar Kingdom

Islamic Kingdom in Java

 * Cirebon Sultanate (1430 - 1666)
 * Demak Sultanate (1475 -  1554)
 * Dermayu Sultanate (1478 - 1628)
 * Giri Kedatuan (1481 - 1680)
 * Banten Sultanate (1524 - 1813)
 * Kalinyamat Kingdom (1527 - 1599)
 * Pajang Sultanate (1554 - 1568)
 * Sumedang Larang Sultanate (1585 - 1620)
 * Mataram Sultanate (1586 - 1755)
 * Surakarta Hadiningrat Sultanate (1745-now)
 * Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Sultanate (1755-now)
 * Kadipaten Mangkunagaran (1757-now)
 * Kadipaten Pakualaman (1813-now)

Islamic Kingdom in Maluku

 * Ternate Sultanate (1257-now)
 * Tidore Sultanate (1081-now)
 * Jailolo Sultanate
 * Bacan Sultanate
 * Tanah Hitu Kingdom (1470-1682)
 * Iha Kingdom
 * Huamual Kingdom

Islamic Kingdom in Sulawesi

 * Bantaeng Kingdom (1254-now)
 * Banggai Kingdom (1648-now)
 * Buton Sultanate (1332-now)
 * Bone Sultanate (1300-now)
 * Gowa Sultanate (1300-now)
 * Gorontalo Sultanate (1300-1878)
 * Bolango Sultanate (1482-1862)
 * Makassar Sultanate (1607-1667)
 * Konawe Kingdom (1500-1916)
 * toli-toli Kingdom (1812-now)
 * Muna Kingdom (1210-now)
 * Buol Kingdom (1328-now)
 * Wajo Kingdom (1400-now)
 * Luwu Kedatuan (1300-now)
 * Tallo Kingdom (1460-1760)
 * Palu Kingdom (1796-1960)
 * Parigi Kingdom (1515-1960)
 * Soppeng Kingdom (1550-now)
 * Bungku Kingdom (1672-1950)
 * Siang Kingdom (1500-now)
 * Bolaang Mongondow Kingdom (1832-1950)
 * Tawaeli Kingdom (1550-now)
 * Balanipa Kingdom (1750-now)
 * Banggae Kingdom (1600-1950)
 * Binuang Kingdom (1610-now)
 * Alitta Kingdom (1600-1908)
 * Balanipa Kingdom (1750-now)
 * Banawa Kingdom (1485-1959)
 * Bolangitang Kingdom (1793-1912)

Islamic Kingdom in West Nusa Tenggara & East

 * Bima Sultanate (1620-now)
 * Sumbawa Sultanate (1674-now)
 * Adonara Kingdom (1650-now)
 * Taliwang Kingdom (1623-now)
 * Dompu Sultanate (1545-1958)
 * Sanggar, Bima Sultanate (1700-1926)
 * Selaparang Kingdom (1400-1672)
 * Lamakera Kingdom (1932-now)

Islamic Kingdom in Kalimantan

 * Selimbau Kingdom (600-now)
 * Sintang Kingdom (1500-now)
 * Mempawah Kingdom (1740-now)
 * Tanjungpura Kingdom (800-1590)
 * Landak Kingdom (1292-now)
 * Kubu Kingdom (1772-now)
 * Bangkalaan Kingdom (1780-1905)
 * Sanggau Kingdom (1310-now]
 * Tayan Kingdom (1780-now)
 * Kusan Kingdom (1785-1912)
 * Pasir Sultanate (1516-1905)
 * Banjar Sultanate (1526-1905) (2010-now)
 * Kotawaringin Sultanate (1615-now)
 * Pagatan Kingdom (1750)
 * Sambas Sultanate (1671-now)
 * Kutai Kartanegara ing Martadipura Sultanate (1300-now)
 * Berau Sultanate (1377-1830)
 * Sambaliung Sultanate (1810-1960)
 * Gunung Tabur Sultanate (1800-1953)
 * Pontianak Sultanate (1771-now)
 * Tidung Kingdom (1515-1916)
 * Old Tidung Kingdom (1076-1551)
 * Tengara Dinasty (1551-1916)
 * Bulungan Sultanate (1731-1964)

Islamic Kingdom in Papua

 * Sekar Kingdom (1600-now)
 * Patipi Kingdom (1600-now
 * Fatagar Kingdom (1600-now)
 * Kaimana Kingdom (1309-now)