User:Deepak sriram sh/sandbox

microbes affected by weather

ABSTRACT: We have all heard about the word Microbe. However, we don’t know how they are useful to us. Microbes play an important role in our day-to-day life. They play both useful and hazardous role in our life. Let us know about the microbes and how they are affected by the weather. Weather is an important feature that makes changes in our life. No natural or manmade factor can exist the anger of weather. Microorganisms also cannot live in all weather conditions. Weather may cause either destruction or help to the microbes. Microbes are useful in many ways. they help in Farming, in processing the food stuffs, decomposition etc. microbes may also cause many ill effects such as diseases, spoilage of  food stuffs etc. In our project, we have discussed about what is weather? What are microorganisms? How weather affects microbes in food? How weather affects microbes causing diseases? How weather affects microbes in agriculture? How global warming affects microbes?

To know about the growth of microbes in different fields and in different weather we prepared some models and observed it under the microscope in our science lab. We can find the spread of microbes in that pieces. We went to a bakery and asked about the spread of microorganisms in bakery products. We asked about the materials added in bread and found that microbes are used in bread and pizza. Then we went to a doctor and asked why diseases are spreading faster in rainy seasons. He said that the breeding of mosquitoes and climatic conditions led to the increase in diseases.

SYNOPSIS: 1.	INTRODUCTION 2.	STATEMENT 3.	WORK PLAN 4.	METHODOLOGY 5.	RESULT 6.	DATA ANALYSIS 7.	CONCLUSION 8.	SOLUTION 9.	FOLLOW UP 10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT INTRODUCTION: Microbes play an important role in our life. Let us know about the microorganisms. A microorganism is a microscopic living organism, which may be a single cell or a multicellular organism. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology, a subject that began with the discovery of microorganisms in 1675 by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, using a microscope of his own design. Microorganisms are very diverse and include all the bacteria and archaea and almost all the protozoa. They also include some fungi and algae.

Like microbes weather is also a important factor. Let us know about the weather. Weather is the state of the atmosphere, to the degree that it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. Climate is a measure of the average pattern of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time. Climate is different from weather, in that weather only describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a given region.

DATA ANALYSIS: Microbes are used in many fields for many purposes. Weather may also cause changes in the behavior of microbes. Let us know about some of the fields in which microbes are useful. MICROBES IN AGRICULTURE: Farmers often think microbes as pests that are destructive to their crops, but many microbes’ soil microbes (bacteria and fungi) are essential for decomposing organic matter and recycling old plant material. Some soil bacteria and fungi form relationships with plant roots that provide important nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus. Microbes are affected by the excessive chemicals in fields. Temperature directly affects the activity of t soil biota by determining the rate of physiological activity such as enzyme activity and indirectly by affecting physico-chemical properties such as diffusion & solubility of nutrients, mineral weathering and evaporation rates and so on. MICROBES IN FOOD: the microbes in bread The microbes associated with our food mostly tend to have a bad name – food poisoning is often in the news. However, Microorganisms have been used since ancient times to make bread, cheese, yoghurt and wine. Food manufacturers continue to use microorganisms today to make a wide range of food products by a process known as fermentation. Most of the things we eat cannot come to our plate without the help of microbes. Acetobacter aceti is an microbe used to make chocolates, Arthrobacter globiformis is used to make cheese and Lactobacillus bucheri is used to make breads. They cannot live in all conditions. They can live in only certain conditions. Thus, weather is useful in growth of microbes. MICROBES CAUSING DISEASES: A disease is a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all of an organism. Micro-organisms are the cause of many infectious diseases. The organisms involved include pathogenic bacteria, causing diseases such as plague, tuberculosis and anthrax .VIRUSES, BACTERIUM, FUNGI and PATHOGENS are the major disease causing microbes. they become active in certain conditions and cause diseases. Many disease causing microorganisms can perform well in only limited weather regions they cannot perform well in other conditions. Such as cold causing microbes can perform well in cold conditions. Thus, weather determines the spread of microbes causing diseases. MICROBES AFFECTED BY GLOBAL WARMING: Global warming is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system. Global climate change will not only impact plants and animals but will also affect bacteria, fungi and other microbial populations that perform a myriad of functions important to life on earth. It is not entirely certain what those effects will be, but they could be significant and will probably not be good. Microbes are the mirrors of the ecosystems. Due to the climatic changes, microbes have destroyed in a very large number. Global warming give rise to large number of disease causing microbes, so cause damage to ecosystems.

STATEMENT: Microorganisms are in many fields. Microorganisms are present in very large numbers in this entire biosphere. Only they do not occur in diverse forms but their activities are more diverse it varies from causing diseases to plants, animals and humans to the production of various useful products, recovery of metals, enhancing soil fertility. Microbes produce some important amino acids such as glutamic acid, lysine Citric acid, a Krebs cycle intermediate is produced mainly from Aspergillus niger, and used in preservation of food. The use of techniques in manipulation of genetic information of the microbes is called genetic engineering. Yeast is  used  for  commercial  production  of  alcohol   and wine.Antibiotics  are  manufactured  by  growing  specific  microorganisms.Some  bacteria  fix  atmospheric nitrogen  and  increase  the  soil  fertility. Bacterias are  used  in  the  preparation  of  medicines. The horrible epidemics like small pox, diphtheria, whooping cough, and poliomyelitis have been either reduced largely or completely controlled by use of vaccination developed from the microbes. Microorganisms are also used in cleaning up of environment. For e.g.: the organic waste ( vegetable peels, remains of animals , fasces, etc .) are broken down into harmless and usable substances by bacteria.

RESULT: When we talked to the bakery staff, he said that bread or any food item has the risk of getting hit by harmful microorganisms. when we observed a piece of bread attacked by microbes we found that there arev harmful microbes in it along with some useful microbes. he said that eating bakery items within a week is only good for health, the old ones may have damaged by the microorganisms and cause us a dangerous diseases. He said that keeping the bread in room temperature is the best way to preserve it as preserving in other temperature may also damage it and cause difference in its taste. So we must store it in a dry place. When talking to a doctor he said that breeding of mosquitoes is an cause for the spread of diseases. He said eye diseases can spread much faster in summer than in winter, while cold can spread more in winter seasons. Weather plays an important role in spread of diseases.Microbes also cause decomposition ,when we exposed some decaying vegetables under microscope we found some microbes in it. To know about the growth of microbes in different fields and in different weather we prepared some models and observed it under the microscope in our science lab. We can find the spread of microbes in that pieces. MICROBES IN COW DUNG              MICROBES IN POTATOES

MICROBES IN BREAD                         MICROBES IN BRINJAL

CONCLUSION: Microbes are in each and every corner of our world. They live in cold zones such as Antarctic and Arctic to hot zones such as Sahara desert. They are dependent on the weather for their survival. Weather helps both useful and dangerous microbes. Weather helps the microbes in the fields of Agriculture, food processing etc. Weather also helps in growth of disease causing and spoiling microbes. We cannot blame or thank weather for being harsh to microbes. Therefore, it is our responsibility to make the full use of microbes or suffer with the diseases caused by it.

SOLUTIONS: At first, we look about the microbes in Agriculture, microbes in soil such as lichens help the crops by providing nitrogen. These microbes are affected by various fertilizers. So, reduction of fertilizers and increase in natural manure should be done. Microbes are used in various food items. Microbes may grow in other food items too. They may spoil those food items. So, we must keep the food products in a safe and hygienic place. Otherwise, several diseases may attack our body. Microbes may cause different diseases, but in other hand they are used for vaccination purpose. mosquitoes and flies are the major causes for the spread of diseases. Microbes may sit in the insects when they come to contact in our body. They may cause diseases. So, our circumstances should be maintained clean. Microbes are affected by global warming. Global warming destroys good microbes and increase the growth of disease causing microbes. so global warming should be reduced. FOLLOW UP: there are millions and millions types of microbes in our earth. Microbes are even present in Mariana trench, the world’s deepest place. We don’t know about all the microbes in our earth. We have to do a lot of research about the microbes. We should collect samples from different food items, spoiled food, decaying animals or plants etc. We can control the disease causing microbes in some weather conditions. Research about this should also be done. I think that we can eradicate diseases and make full use of microbes in our recent future.