User:Deepseabioguy/sandbox


 * Add real picture to article*

Feeding

 * https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2012.1357
 * Two long retractile arms for sensation and feeding
 * Use mucus like substance to keep bolus together
 * Eat marine snow, crustaceans (whole and parts), protists, faunal bits
 * Filaments have short stiff hairs to secure food particles and many sensory cells
 * Filament retrieval is quicker when not bringing in food (~5 min when bringing food)
 * Mucus is probably secreted by main arm suckers
 * Marine snow feeding correlates with low δ15C in beaks
 * Sedentary generalists
 * Vampire squid see bioluminescent food particles --> food particles attract crustaceans --> squid eats both prey (Similar to luring with external bioluminescence)

Oxygen Metabolism

 * file:///C:/Users/Leo/Downloads/99-Seibel-EBO%20(1).pdf
 * Oxygen affinity of haemocyanin (P50=0.47-0.55 kPa)
 * Higher than any cephalopod
 * High cooperativity (n50=2.2-2.3)
 * Bohr Coefficient (-.22)
 * Only cephalopod to live entire life cycle in OMZ
 * Moderate gill diffusion capacity among cephalopods
 * Extremely high gill diffusion capacity in relation to metabolic rate
 * https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2012.1357
 * Suppression of aerobic metabolism
 * Neutral buoyancy
 * Bioluminescent cloud allows for a less costly (metabolically) escape
 * Reduced musculature --> less metabolic cost
 * Less risk of predation due to living in OMZ

Bioluminescence

 * https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/1543231
 * Light at end of all arms
 * Bioluminescent ink cloud, can be used as a burglar alarm when it sticks to predators
 * Coelenterazine and luciferase are used
 * Flashing and steady glowing
 * Bioluminescent arms may be bitten off as a type of diversion and then regenerate

Reproduction

 * https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215001566?via=ihub
 * Most coleoid cephalopods go through one reproductive cycle --> vampire squid have multiple
 * Developing eggs of several sizes --> lack of development cycle and breeding period
 * Potential fecundity: 5710 - 20711
 * Iteroparity favored when adult survival increased
 * OMZ habitat --> low predation --> higher survival rates --> multiple reproductive rates @ low cost