User:Deepubaby/sandbox

NON-MENDELIAN TRAITS

Incomplete Dominance: ⭐: The dominant allele isn't completely expressed when the recessive allele is around. (no clear dominant allele) EXAMPLE: A red and white flower are crossed like in this tuff punnett square, however, as shown in this punnett square, with incomplete dominance in this crossing over, you can get offsprings that are  pink. R                                                  r R                 (RR) (Rr) r                  (Rr) (rr)

Codominance: ⭐: Situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism. (weird offspring) EXAMPLE: A solid white bull and a solid brown cow are crossed and the resulting offspring are spotted brown and white and it looks weird asl B                                 			B W             (BW) (BW) W             (BW) (BW)

Human Genetics and Pedigrees: Sex Chromosomes⭐: XX - female/XY - male. Egg cells carry X chromosomes, sperm have a 50/50 between X or Y. Pedigree chart⭐: Chart showing relationships in a family. (TRACING TRAITS THROUGH GENERATION AND PREDICTING HEREDITY DISEASES) Tracing Traits⭐: Some obvious human traits are almost impossible to associate with single genes. Why? Traits like the shape of eyes/ears are controlled by many genes Sex linked genes⭐: Genes located close to each other/ (linked meaning they tend to be inherited together.) Expression of X linked genes⭐: Males: Since males only have 1 X chromosome, they will express X linked genes. Females: In order for a female to express an x-linked gene, they must have 2 copies of the alleles (one on each of the 2 x chromosomes.) Examples of sex linked genes: Color blindness, Hemophilia and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. EXAMPLE: Hemophilia: N= normal n=hemophilia What's the probability that the boy or girl has hemophilia?

XN Xn XN XN XN XN Xn Y XN Y Xn Y

Girl (XX): 0% Boy (XY): 25%