User:Deetsbeets/sandbox

Crohn's Disease/ Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Western pattern diet consisting of refined sugars and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been associated with Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease has its effects on the symbiotic bacteria within the human gut that show a positive correlation with a Western pattern diet. Crohn's is an inflammatory disease that is associated with immunological responses. Symptoms can range from severe abdominal pain to diarrhea and fever Inflammatory bowel disease has shown increase development with western pattern diet and high consumption of sugar and low plant based intake is directly correlated with an increase Crohn's disease. Inflammatory bowel disease showed no increase in risk factors only in relation to development of disease associated with Western pattern diet.

Obesity
A Western pattern diet is associated with an increased risk of obesity. There is a positive correlation between a Western pattern diet and several plasma biomarkers that may be mediators of obesity, such as HDL cholesterol, fasting insulin, and leptin. Meta-analyses have also shown that, compared to a healthy diet, a Western pattern diet is linked to increased weight gain among females. Relative to a diet high in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish, a Western diet is associated with increased risk of being overweight among adolescents.

Diabetes
Several studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between adoption of a Western pattern diet and incidence of type 2 diabetes among both men and women. A strong adoption of a Western pattern diet, when coupled with obesity and decreased physical activity, is associated with an especially elevated risk for type 2 diabetes. In addition, genetic predisposition to diabetes interacts cooperatively with a Western pattern diet to increase risk of diabetes.

Cancer
The Western pattern diet has been generally linked to increased risk for cancer. Meta-analyses have found that diet patterns consistent with those of the Western pattern diet are positively correlated with risk for prostate cancer. Additionally, a 1998 case review found that the Western pattern diet is directly associated to heightened risks for colon cancer [2]. This conclusion has been verified by several other studies, which also indicate an increased rate of rectal cancer in cases who maintained a primarily Western pattern diet. No significant relation has been established between the Western pattern diet and breast cancer. A recent study led by the National Institute of Health indicates that the Western pattern diet can actually lead to increased levels of free estradiol in women, which has benefits in regards to breast cancer prevention.

Heart Disease
There are multiple studies associating Western pattern diet with heart disease. In 2008, the INTERHEART study, funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research, concluded that risk of a myocardial infarction is 30% higher for individuals who consume a Western pattern diet than individuals who consume a prudent diet. A second study conducted in 2008 by Circulation also concluded that Western pattern diet increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality in healthy US women. With that, meta-analyses and surveys in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology have associated cardiovascular disease and/or coronary heart disease with refined carbohydrates, sugar sweetened beverages, and red and processed meats, three major components of the Western pattern diet.