User:Delldot/scrapheap

to do

 * Sullivan -replace with page #s sfn
 * Brown-Séquard syndrome - several dermatomes lower

anatomy
31 spinal nerves; there;s a c8 (cord not column); c1-c7 exit above vertebrae, c8 on exit below.

spinal nerves anterior=efferent, pos=aff.

class
LMN vs UMN (at vs below lvl of inj).

s/s
temp control, hypo early hyper later, improves over time.

cardiovasc problems

Quadriparesis is weakness in all four limbs, paraparesis is weakness in the legs.

above t6 resp affected, above t12 cough fx'd. p.175

causes
uncommon in kids, but lap belt or birth injuries

pathophys
description primary/secondaary

comorbidities
associated spinal fx in 56% cervical, 100% thorax, 85% lumbar.

rx
+ benefits methylprednisolone: bbb, free rads...

prognosis
c3 nd higher usu fatal.

epidemiology
c-spine carries highest mortality of SCI lvls.

societal impact

 * avg lifetime costs, collective costs.
 * lifetime costs chart by level.
 * lifetime costs, para/quad
 * high quad > $3mil.


 * $40.5 billion/yr in us.
 * employment stats at 1 yr, 20 yrs, n 35.
 * loss of productivity.

global costs

research
drugs, hypo, oscillating, Anti-Nogo antibodies, cell transplantation therapy