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In Haiti, the disruption of the water cycle remains a major environmental challenge, affecting biodiversity and the daily lives of the country's inhabitants. There are several reasons for this problem: on the one hand, the proliferation of shantytowns and the absence of a comprehensive urban development policy. The phenomenon of global warming is one of the main causes of this problem, faced with one of the most disastrous economic, social and political situations on the planet, Haiti is unable to implement an urban development policy. On the other hand, deforestation encourages natural disasters. Thus, the disruption of the water cycle remains a lasting threat to the country's development.

Water
For centuries, water has been perceived and treated as an inexhaustible, abundant and self- regenerating resource. Water, the unifying element of any community of users, is essential to the life of living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. It is one of the common goods at the heart of community life. Alongside its technical component, water has other dimensions: environmental, social, cultural, economic, legal, educational, spiritual and historical. Over the centuries, the presence of water has conditioned the territorial development of communities.

Water is also the source of numerous diseases for living beings. With population growth and the development of industrial activities, surface and groundwater resources are becoming increasingly polluted. Man is therefore exposed to numerous chemical substances present in water.

Hydrological context in Haiti
Located in the Caribbean, Haiti is exposed to a considerable ecological imbalance, characterized by catastrophic floods associated with torrential rains and hurricanes, devastating earthquakes, extreme climatic and meteorological variations that disrupt the water cycle. These problems are exacerbated by deforestation, soil degradation and unsustainable agricultural practices. Climate change, pollution and deforestation are the main causes of water cycle disruption in cities and slums. These causes include: a rise in ocean water temperature, a considerable reduction in the amount of water in the quantity of water available for groundwater.

Environmental impact
Climate change is often described as one of the most pressing environmental challenges we face worldwide. Long-term changes in temperature and precipitation are often accompanied by heat waves and intense rainfall, increasing the risk of flooding , especially in Caribbean countries such as Haiti .Floods, droughts and the degradation of aquatic ecosystems are examples of the effects of disruption of the water cycle. Shortages of drinking water also aggravate public health problems.

The disruption of the water cycle has more consequences than temperature variations on physical ecosystems which are sensitive to changes in hydro-climatic conditions. The intensity of precipitation and the physico-chemical conditions of the water at Lake Azuei in Haiti can vary depending on the natural abundance, composition and concentrations of mineralogical elements in the sediments.

Human activities that are agricultural practices and land cover changes caused by deforestation have modified the lands around Lake Azuei.

Floods, torrential rains, droughts, changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation and water scarcity are just some of the consequences of these disturbances. Important steps can be taken to reduce these disturbances, such as water conservation, protecting aquatic ecosystems, reducing pollution and promoting sustainable management of water resources, reforestation to preserve watersheds, improving agricultural techniques to reduce erosion, and adopting more efficient technologies for water management.

Climatic disturbances are also the cause of numerous infectious diseases, including vector-borne diseases transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods such as dengue fever, Zika, chikungunya and malaria. Climate change is a major threat to Haiti, even though the country contributes very little to the phenomenon. Like the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, the Republic of Haiti has for years been suffering the adverse effects of global climate change.

Conclusion
Disrupting the cycle in Haiti is a complex challenge, but solutions are possible. By investing in sustainable practices and building community resilience, Haiti can look forward to a future where the water cycle is restored, offering a more stable and prosperous environment.

Notes and References
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