User:Derlinus/List of international enclaves and exclaves

In political geography, an enclave is a territory completely surrounded by the territory of another political entity, and an exclave is a fragment which is geographically separated from its "parent" by surrounding "alien" territory. An entity may simultaneously be both an enclave and an exclave. A famous example is West Berlin, which was simultanously an East German enclave and a West German exclave.

Definition
Enclaves and exclaves may exist on any administrative level, such as city, county, state or national. This article will focus exclusively on country-level, or international, enclaves and exclaves.

While the definition of an enclave is clear cut, what constitutes an exclave is open to some interpretation, and various definitions exist. Under stricter definitions, an exclave can border only one country (which would exclude Nakhichevan), an exclave may not have sea access (which would exclude Alaska), or it may not have sea access and border more than one other country (which would exclude Kaliningrad).

This listing will include all relevant country fragments, and they will be differentiated and appropriately classified based upon their respective attributes (e.g. number of bordering countries, sea access etc).

The following apply:

 * The definition of an exclave excludes non-integral parts of countries. For example, Gibraltar is a dependency and a non-integral part of the UK, hence not an exclave. However, French Guiana is an overseas department and an integral part of France, and therefore an exclave.


 * Islands are not considered exclaves, unless completely surrounded by alien territorial waters.


 * The section of a country that contains the Seat of Government is considered to be the "main land" of an entity. This principle leads to some unusual results, most notably for Equatorial Guinea (the capital Malabo is on the island of Bioko, not in the larger continental section of Río Muni, which is 100 km away) and Denmark (Copenhagen is located on the island of Zealand).


 * This listing does not include any sub-national level entities, it only includes country-level fragments.


 * Some enclaves are countries in their own right, completely surrounded by another one, and therefore not exclaves.