User:Determinerteeth/sandbox

Grammar reformat
I have changed the formatting of the Grammar section without changing the actual contents. I have removed the request for clarification ("'large' is not a noun"), as it is on the noun "the large tree(s)," which is clearly a single noun in Rohingya based on the example. The fact that some languages use a single lexeme for the same referent that would use two in another language is not on its own grounds for saying that it's a different part of speech/lexical category from other things being considered nouns. I followed the convention of using 'single quotes' for the translation, and italics for the target language, as is the custom in linguistic description (see, e.g. The Generic Style Rules for Linguistics)

Definite articles
1. If a noun ends with a vowel then the article is either án or wá if singular, or ún or ín if plural or uncountable. Usually wá is used for round-fatty objects, and án for flat-thin objects. singular                       plural Kéti án     (the farm)          Kéti  ún/ín   (the farms) Fothú án    (the picture)       Fothú ún/ín   (the pictures) Fata wá     (the leaf)          Fata  ún/ín   (the leaves) Boro wá     (the large tree)    Boro  ún/ín   (the large trees) Lou  ún/ín   (the blood)

2. If a noun ends with a consonant then the article is the end-consonant + the corresponding singular or plural article as described above. Debal lán   (the wall)          Debal  lún/lín  (the walls) Mes   sán   (the table)         Mes    sún/sín  (the tables) Kitap pwá   (the book)          Kitap  pún/pín  (the books) Manúic cwá  (the man)           Manúic cún/cín  (the men)

3. If a noun ends with /r/, then the article is g + the corresponding singular or plural article as described above. Tar  gán    (the wire)          Tar   gún/gín (the wires) Duar gán    (the door)          Duar  gún/gín (the doors) Kuñir gwá   (the dog)           Kuñir gún/gín (the dogs) Faár gwá    (the mountain)      Faár  gún/gín (the mountains) Note: gún is used for human and gín for non-human.

Indefinite articles
Indefinite articles can be used either before or after the noun. uggwá usually is used for rolled/round/fatty shaped objects and ekkán is for thin/flat shaped objects.

(singular)                    (plural) Uggwá fata   (a leaf)           Hodún fata    (some leaves) Ekkán fothú  (a picture)        Hodún Fothú   (some pictures) -or-                              -or- Fata uggwá   (a leaf)           Fata  hodún   (some leaves) Fothú ekkán  (a picture)        Fothú hodún   (some pictures)

Word order
Rohingya word order-1 is Subject–Object–Verb. Subject        Object                 Verb Añí ('I')        bát     ('rice')         hái  ('eat'). Ite  ('He')      TV      ('TV')           saá  ('watches'). Ibá  ('She')     sairkél ('bicycle')      soré ('rides'). Itará ('They')   ham ot  ('to work')      za   ('go').

Rohingya word order-2 is Subject–Time-Place-Object–Verb. Subject     Time                            Place                   Object             Verb Ibá ('I')     beínna       ('in the morning')   gór ot    ('at home')     bát    ('rice')      há  ('eat'). Tará ('They') biale        ('at night')         duan ot   ('at shop')     TV     ('TV')        saá ('watches'). Ite ('He')    sair gwá báze ('at 4pm')           hál hañsat ('at seaside')  sairkél ('bicycle')   soré ('rides'). Ítara('They')  nowá báze   ('at 9 o'clock')     ofís ot   ('to office')   ham ot ('to work')   zaa ('go').

Rohingya word order-3 is Subject–Time-[adjective]-Place-Object–[adverb]-Verb. Subject     Time      [Adjective]    Place       [Adverb]                   Object    Verb Tuñí        aijja      noya          eskul ot     toratori/toratorigorí     paathi    goró. 'You         today      new           at school    quickly                   party     make'.

Rohingya word order-4 is Subject–Time-[adjective]-Place-Object–[adverb]-Verb_1-Verb_2. Subject     Time      [Adjective]    Place       [Adverb]                   Object    Verb_1    Verb_2 Tuñí        aijja      noya          eskul ot     toratori/toratorigorí     paathi    goittóu   modot-goró. You         today      new           at school    quickly                   party     help      to make. English: You help to make party quickly at new school today. More on Time extension: (1) Aijja Januari 24 tarík ót, cón 2017 beínna 4 gwá báze 15 miníth 5 sekén ót. Today January dated 24, year 2017 in the morning at 4 o'clock 15 minutes 5 second. (2) Hailla Februari 30 tarík ót, cón 2017 ázinna 5 swá báze 25 minith 7 sekén ót. Tomorrow January dated 30, year 2017 in the evening at 5 o'clock 25 minutes 7 second. (3) Goto hailla Oktubor 10 tarík ót, cón 2018 rait or 10 cwá báze 35 miníth 50 sekén ot. Yesterday October dated 10, year 2018 in the night at 10 o'clock 35 minutes 50 second.

Tenses
Rohingya distinguishes 12 tenses, as shown in the examples below. In these tenses, the helping verb félai shows perfect action (comparable to English 'has/have') and félaat shows perfect continuous action (compare English 'has/have been'). The helping verb táki and táikki are comparable to English 'be' and 'been'.

Verb-form-suffix (basic and/or helping verb) indicate both person and tense. The suffixes ~ir, ~yi, ~lám, ~youm are used for the first person, the suffixes ~or, ~yó, ~lá, ~bá for the 2nd person, and the suffixes ~ar, ~ye, ~l, ~bou for the 3rd person. Similarly ~ir, ~or, ~ar indicate present continuous tense, ~yi, ~yó, ~ye present perfect tense, ~lám, ~lá, ~l past tense, and ~youm, ~bá, ~bou future tense.

First person ( I ):

1. Present (a)Añí hái. (I eat.) (b)Añí há ir. (I am eating.) (c)Añí hái félaiyi. (I have eaten.) (d)Añí hái féla ir. (I have been eating.)

2. Past (a)Añí háiyi. (I ate.) Note: refer near past. Añí háailam. (I ate.) Note: refer far past. (b)Añí há at táikkilám. (I was eating.) (c)Añí hái félailám. (I had eaten.) (d)Añí hái féla at táikkilám. (I had been eating.)

3. Future (a)Añí háiyoum. (I will eat.) (b)Añí há at tákiyoum. (I will be eating.) Añí háiyoum boi. " (c)Añí hái félaiyoum.        (I will have eaten.) (d)Añí hái  féla at tákiyoum.  (I will have been eating.)

Second person (You):

1. Present (a)Tuñí/Oñne hóo. [Tui hós.]                (You eat.) (b)Tuñí/Oñne hó or. [Tui hó or .]               (You are eating.) (c)Tuñí/Oñne hái félaiyó. [Tui hái félaiyós]. (You have eaten.) (d)Tuñí/Oñne hái félo or. [Tui hái félo or ]. (You have been eating.)

2. Past (a)Tuñí/Oñne háiyo. [Tui háiyós.]             (You ate.) Note: refer near past. Tuñí/Oñne háailá. [Tui háailí.]             (You ate.) Note: refer far past. (b)Tuñí/Oñne há at táikkilá. [Tui há at táikkilí.]      (You were eating.) (c)Tuñí/Oñne hái félailá. [Tui hái félailí.]        (You had eaten.) (d)Tuñí/Oñne hái féla at táikkilá.[Tui hái  féla at táikkilí.](You had been eating.)

3. Future (a)Tuñí/Oñne háiba. [Tui háibí.]              (You will eat.) (b)Tuñí/Oñne há at tákibá. [Tui há at tákibí.]        (You will be eating.) Tuñí/Oñne háiba goi. [Tui háibi goi.]                     " (c)Tuñí/Oñne hái  félaibá.        [Tui hái  félaibí.]        (You will have eaten.) (d)Tuñí/Oñne hái  féla at tákibá.  [Tui hái  féla at tákibí.]  (You will have been eating.)

Third persons ( He/She/They ):

1. Present (a)Ite/Ibá/Itará há. (He/She/They eats/eats/eat.) (b)Ite/Ibá/Itará h ár. (He/She/They is/is/are eat ing .) Ite/Ibá/Itará hái boi. " (c)Ite/Ibá/Itará hái félaiye.          (He/She/They has/has/have eaten.) (d)Ite/Ibá/Itará  hái féla ar .           (He/She/They has/has/have been eat ing .)

2. Past (a)Ite/Ibá/Itará háaiye. (He/She/They ate.) Note: refer near past. Ite/Ibá/Itará háail. (He/She/They ate.) Note: refer far past. (b)Ite/Ibá/Itará há at táikkil. (He/She/They was/was/were eat ing .) (c)Ite/Ibá/Itará hái  félail. (He/She/They had eaten.) (d)Ite/Ibá/Itará hái  féla at táikkil. (He/She/They had been eat ing .)

3. Future (a)Ite/Ibá/Itará háibou. (He/She/They will eat.) (b)Ite/Ibá/Itará há at tákibou. (He/She/They will be eat ing .) Ite/Ibá/Itará háibou goi. " (c)Ite/Ibá/Itará hái  félaibou.        (He/She/They will has/has/have eaten.) (d)Ite/Ibá/Itará  hái  féla at tákibou.  (He/She/They will has/has/have been eat ing .)

Pronouns
Gender: m=male, f=female, n=neuter., *=the person or object is near., **=the person or object is far.

Interrogative
The interrogative is indicated by né at the end of the sentence.

Itattú gór ekkán asé né? [Does he have a house?] Itattú gór ekkán asé. [He has a house.] Ibá za né? [Does she go?] Ibá za. [She goes.] Itará giyé né? [Did they go?] Itará giyé. [They went.]

Inflection for person
Rohingya verbs indicate person by suffixes.

Present Tense lek  = write (command to you sg.) lekí = I/we write. lekó = write (command to you pl.) lekós = You write(sg./pl.). leké = He/she/they write(s).

Present Continuous Tense lekír = I/we am/are writing. lekór = You(sg./pl.) are writing. lekér = He/she/they is/are writing.

Present Perfect Tense lekífélaiyi = I/we have written. lekífélaiyo = You (sg./pl.) have written. lekífélaiyós = You (sg.) have written. (used to very closed people) lekífélaiye = He/she/they has/have written.

Future Tense lekíyóum = I/we will write. lekíbá   = You (sg./pl.) will write. lekíbi   = You (sg.) will write. (used to very closed people) lekíbóu  = He/she/they will write.

Past Tense (Immediate/near past) leikkí = I/we wrote. leikkó = You (sg./pl.) wrote. leikkós = You (sg.) wrote. (used to very closed people) leikké = He/she/they wrote.

Past Tense (Remote past) leikkílám = I/we wrote long ago. leikkílá = You (sg./pl.) wrote long ago. leikkílí = You (sg.) wrote long ago. (used to very closed people) leikkíl  = He/she/they wrote long ago.

Past Tense (If possibility) lekítám = I/we would have written. lekítá = You (sg./pl.) would have written. lekítí = You (sg.) would have written. (used to very closed people) lekítóu = He/she/they would have written.

Forming Noun, Doer, Tool, Action lekóon = act of writing. e.g. Debalor uore lekóon gom noó. Writing on wall is not good. lekóya = writer. e.g. Itaráttú lekóya bicí. They-have many writers. lekóni = thing with which you write. e.g. Añártú honó lekóni nái. I-have no any writing-thing (i.e. pen, pencil) lekát = in the action of writing. e.g. Tui lekát asós. You are busy-in-writing.

Case
Examples of the case inflection are given below, using the singular forms of the Rohingya term for "hóliba (tailor)" which belongs to Rohingya's first declension class.
 * hólibaye (nominative) "[the] hóliba" [as a subject] (e.g. hólibaye tíai táikke éçe – the tailor is standing there)
 * hólibar (genitive) "[the] hóliba's / [of the] hóliba" (e.g. hólibar nam Ahmed – the tailor's name is Ahmed)
 * hóliballa (dative) "[to/for the] hóliba" [as an indirect object] (e.g. hóliballa hádiya ekkán diyí – I gave a present for the tailor)
 * hólibare (accusative) "[the] hóliba" [as a direct object] (e.g. Aññí hólibare deikkí – I saw the tailor)
 * hólibaloi (ablative) "[by/with/from/in the] hóliba" [in various uses] (e.g. Aññí hólibaloi duan ot giyí – I went to the shop with the tailor).'
 * óu hóliba / hóliba ya (vocative) "[you] the hóliba" [addressing the object] (e.g. "cúkuria tuáñre, óu hóliba (sáb)" – thank you, tailor).

Morphology
Seventy or more different forms are available in Rohingya. A hyphen (-) between letters is to be removed, it is used for initial understanding only — how the word is formed.

01 lek =write(sg.)        Tui yián ehón lek.                         You write this right now. 02 lek-ó =write(pl.) Tuñí yián ehón lekó.                You write this right now. 03 lek-á =cause to write Tui/Tuñí John ór áta leká/lekó.        You ask John to write. 04 lek-í-de =help to write Tui/Tuñí ibáre lekíde/lekído.        You help John in writing.
 * Command

05 lek-í =write(I)        Aññí hámicá gór ot lekí.                 I always write at home. 06 lek-ó =write(II) Tuñí hámicá gór ot lekó.                You always write at home. 07 lek-ó-s =write(IIa) Tui hámicá gór ot lekós.                You always write at home. 08 lek-é =write(III) Tará hámicá gór ot leké.                They always write at home.
 * Present

09 lek-í-r =writing(I) Aññí ciñçí ekkán lekír.                I am writing a letter now. 10 lek-ó-or =writing(II) Tuñí/Tui ciñçí ekkán lekóor.        You are writing a letter now. 11 lek-é-r =writing(III)  Tará ciñçí ekkán lekér.                  They are writing a letter now.
 * Continuous

12 lek-í-féla-iyi =have written(I)        Aññí ciñçí lekífélaiyi.  I have written a letter. 13 lek-í-féla-iyo =have written (II) Tuñí ciñçí lekífélaiyi. You have written a letter. 14 lek-í-féla-iyo-s =have written(IIa) Tui ciñçí lekífélaiyos. You have written a letter. 15 lek-í-féla-iye =has/have written (III) Tará ciñçí lekífélaiye. They have written a letter.
 * Perfect

16 leik-kí =wrote(I) Aññí ciñçí ekkán leikkí.                I wrote a letter. 17 leik-kó =wrote(II) Tuñí ciñçí ekkán leikkó.                You wrote a letter. 18 leik-kó-s =wrote(IIa) Tui ciñçí ekkán leikkós.                You wrote a letter. 19 leik-ké =wrote(III) Tará ciñçí ekkán leikké.                They wrote a letter.
 * Past

20 lek-í-youm =will write(I) Aññí ciñçí ekkán lekíyoum.        I will write a letter. 21 lek-í-ba =will write(II) Tuñí ciñçí ekkán lekíba.        You will write a letter. 22 lek-í-bi =will write(IIa) Tui ciñçí ekkán lekkíbi.        You will write a letter. 23 lek-í-bou =will write(III) Tará ciñçí ekkán lekíbou.        They will write a letter.
 * Future

24 leik-kyóum =will write(I) Aññí ciñçí ekkán leikkyóum.        I will write a letter. 25 leik-bá =will write(II)        Tuñí ciñçí ekkán leikbá.         You will write a letter. 26 leik-bí =will write(IIa) Tui ciñçí ekkán leikbí.        You will write a letter. 27 leik-bóu =will write(III) Tará ciñçí ekkán leikbóu.        They will write a letter.
 * Alternative

28 lek-á-giye =(passive I,II,III) Ciñçí ekkán lekágiyé.        A letter is/was written.
 * Passive

29 lek-á-za =being writable        Ciñçí yián leká za.         This letter is not writable. 30 lek-á-za-ibou =being writable in future Ciñçí yián leká zaibou. This letter will be writable. 31 lek-á-di-ya-za =can be made writable Ciñçí yián lekádiyaza. This letter can be made writable.
 * Possibility

32 lek-á =writing                 Leká yián bicí cúndor.         This writing is very beautiful. 33 lek-ó-on =act of writing Email beggún óttu lekóon saá. All should write emails. 34 lek-ó-ya =person who writes Ahmed bála lekóya.                Ahmed is a good writer. 35 lek-ó-ni =thing used to write Añártu honó lekóni ciz nái.        I do not have anything to write with. 36 lek-á-ni =tool used to write Añártu honó lekáni boudh nái. I do not have any writing board. 37 lek-á-lekí =activities to write Tuáñrár bútore lekáleki tákoon saá. There should be writing between you.
 * Noun

38 lek-é-de =thing used for writing Añártu honó lekéde ciz nái.  I do noy have any writable thing. 39 leik-kyá =of written                Kitab ibá fura leikká.         This book is fully written. 40 leik-kyé-dé=of that written        Añártu honó leikkyéde juab nái. I do not have any written answer.
 * Adjective

41 lek-í lek-í =by writing & writing/while writing  Ite gór ottu lekí lekí aiyér. He is coming from home while writing.
 * Adverb

42 lek-í-lam =acted to write(I) Aññí habos sán lekílam.                I write the letter. 43 lek-í-la =acted to write(II) Tuñí habos sán lekíla.            You write the letter. 44 lek-í-li =acted to write(II) Tui habos sán lekíli.            You write the letter. 45 lek-í-lou =acted to write(III) Tará habos sán lekílou.                They write the letter.
 * Immediate present

46 leik-lám =acted to write(I) Aññí habos sán lekílam.                I write the letter. 47 leik-lá =acted to write(II) Tuñí habos sán lekíla.                You write the letter. 48 leik-lí =acted to write(II) Tui habos sán lekíli.                You write the letter. 49 leik-lou =acted to write(III) Tará habos sán lekílou.         They write the letter.
 * Alternative

50 leik-kí-lam =had written(I) Aññí habos sán leikkílam.        I had written this paper long ago. 51 leik-kí-la =had written(II) Tuñí habos sán leikkíla.        You had written this paper long ago. 52 leik-kí-li =had written(II) Tui habos sán leikkíli.                You had written this paper long ago. 53 leik-kí-l =had written(III) Tará habos sán leikkíl.                They had written this paper long ago.
 * Long past

54 lek-í-youm éri =will write later(I) Aññí habos sán lekíyoum éri. I will write the paper sometime later. 55 lek-í-ba ri =will write later(II) Tuñí habos sán lekíba ri. You will write the paper sometime later. 56 lek-í-bi ri =will write later(IIa) Tui habos sán lekíbi ri. You write the paper sometime later. 57 lek-í-bou ri =will write later(III) Tará habos sán lekíbou ri. They will write the paper sometime later.
 * Remote future

58 lek-í-tam =would have written(I) Aññí email lán lekítam.        I would have written the email. 59 lek-í-ta =would have written(II) Tuñí email lán lekíta i.        You would have written the email. 60 lek-í-ti =would have written(IIa) Tui email lán lekíti.        You would have written the email. 61 lek-í-tou =would have written(III) Tará email lán lekítou.        They would have written the email.
 * Conditional

62 leik-tám =would have written(I)        Aññí email lán leiktám.         I would have written the email. 63 leik-tá =would have written(II)        Tuñí email lán leiktá.              You would have written the email. 64 leik-tí =would have written(IIa) Tui email lán leiktí.         You would have written the email. 65 leik-tóu =would have written(III) Tará email lán leiktóu.        They would have written the email.
 * Alternative

66 lek-ó-na =please write                Meérbanigorí lekóna.         Please write the letter. 67 lek-ó-goi =allowed to write            Tuñí lekó gói.                                 Let you write.
 * Request/allow

68 lek-se-ná =please write                Meérbanigorí leksená.         Please write the letter. 69 lek-gói =allowed to write         Tui lek gói.                 Let you write.
 * Alternative

70 lek-í-le =if (I/II/III) person write Tuñí lekíle gom óibou.        It will be good if you write.
 * If