User:Dev1 0302/Propylparaben/Xavier1191 Peer Review

I will do this in point form. I will insert my notes in a different colour so its easier to read. As a note, please put your biblio in the respected sandbox. Please click on "edit" to see notes I have attached - I have no idea how to do comments here sorry :c

but to summerize:


 * 1) Your information is relevant to the topic but there are some repetitions that could be fixed.
 * 2) I believe your claims do offer more information rather than an option
 * 3) Citation had gotten messed up during transfer of this work. Please insert your bibilo into the spot that is titled as such.
 * 4) The included research is reliable
 * 5) information is mostly relevant. I had put comments on what can be added and or removed as well as grammer issues

Under FDA regulations, Propyl paraben is safe to use with a maximum of 0.1% of the weight of the finished food or 200 - 450 ppm for a variety of foods like coffee extracts, juices, jams, baked goods, dairy products, etc. It’s even found naturally in foods such as in white wine, cloudberry, strawberries, bourbon vanilla, and a plant called Stocksia brahuica. It is often used as a food and cosmetic preservative as it has no odor  or taste, and does not change the texture. The compound has some medicinal application as well as  it has been used in pills, syrups, eyewashes, weight gain drinks, and recently has been discovered to have anticonvulsant activities suggesting it may be useful in the development of anticonvulsant medicine.

 Food 

Recently, a study of combining Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) with Propyl paraben show increased antimicrobial efficacy of PAW for fresh produce sanitation. PAW is used for fresh produce sanitation. However when used in food applications, its effectiveness decreased due to interfering substances like polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. With propyl paraben and PAW, bacteria's undergo more oxidative stress and cell damage, increasing preservation of produce. For now, The potential health risk and residue level of propyl paraben with this new method is still unknown.

 Cosmetic 

Propyl paraben is one of the most commonly used paraben in cosmetic formulation. It Propyl paraben can be found in moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, makeups, shaving products, and many more. In cosmetic products, Propyl paraben is typically combined with other parabens (i.e Methyl paraben) or other preservatives to protect against a broader range of microorganisms. The chemical stability in room temperature and wide pH range (4.5-7.5) is advantageous to prolong a product shelf-life. Under FDA regulations, the maximum use of concentration for Propyl paraben is 25%. However, cosmetics don't require testing by the FDA before selling. While there's no conclusive evidence of harm to human health from propyl paraben, more cosmetic companies are creating Paraben-free lines, specifically in shampoos. Since paraben can easily absorb through your skin, daily use is believed to cause toxic accumulation in the body that might be harmful. Some people may also experience allergic reaction to parabens including redness, irritation, itchiness, flaking, and hives.

 Pharmaceutical 

Used since mid 1920s as a preservative, parabens are present in our eyewashes, pills, cough syrups, injectable solutions, contraceptives, even weight-gain drinks. Unlike cosmetics where propyl paraben is mostly used in the surface, propyl paraben is ingested and absorbed. According to the law made by EEC (European Economic Community), the maximum level of parabens in pharmaceutical products is 1% (w/w), much stricter and defined than cosmetics. Propyl paraben also can't be used alone in ophthalmic products, such as eyewash because it may cause irritation at the effective concentration level to have antimicrobial activities.

A MES (Maximal Electroshock) test also shows anticonvulsant activity in Propyl paraben. Since Propyl paraben has minimum to no toxicity and well absorbed in the GI tract, it can potentially be develop to new anticonvulsant medicine to control seizures.\

Chemical Properties[edit]
Propyl paraben is a stable and non-volatile compound with antimicrobial properties and has been used as preservatives in food for over 50 years. it is a white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 202.18 amu. Humans most often absorb the chemical through their skin or ingestion as it is in many cosmetic and food products as an antifungal preservative. It is metabolized in two major pathways leading to the production of either conjugated metabolites or hydrolysates (PHBA, PHHA). These products are excreted from the body in urine. Propyl Paraben is an effective antimicrobial, especially against green and blue molds on citrus fruits. Its high solubility in water allows it to be applied to the fruits easily.

Synthesis[edit]
One of the simplest ways to produce Propyl Paraben is through the esterification of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid with propanol using an acidic catalyst as shown below '''. ---> add an image showing the overall reaction along with the arrow pushing mechanism'''

Health Considerations[edit]
Propyl paraben, among other parabens, has been raising concerns on its possible interaction and disruption of estrogen in the endocrine system Exposure to high levels of propyl parabens has been correlated to lower sperm and testosterone production in males in animal studies. In vitro studies showcase that propyl paraben can even  act as an effective spermicide. Animal studies of propyl paraben in the bodies shows that propyl paraben is metabolized from the GI tract and excreted rapidly through urine with no accumulation in the body. Despite parabens interaction with the endocrine system it has not been shown to be significantly correlated with breast cancer. With broken or damaged skins the use of propyl paraben in cosmetics or skincare can result in skin sensitization, in normal skin it is considered safe and effective.

I think overall this is a fine post. There is some repetition that needs to be addressed as well as some small grammatical errors - a re-read would do it some good. I would also suggest adding more figures either the molecule of the drug or something. I was wanting to know what this is I am not sure if this is a molecule or a polymer etc. It would be nice to see it as well. I know you're creating a mechanism so no worries. Also, as a last minute thing the tone sounds more like a writing paper - I am unsure how to change the tone as we need it to sound like a wiki assignment. A minor thing Chris had told me.

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