User:Devinda Baddewela Gunawardene/sandbox

== '''Evolution of human resources and why next generation HR practice is suitable for the post-pandemic period? ==

What is human resource management?
Human resource management is simply called human resource. HR is used to describe both aspects of employees and the department which is responsible for managing resources related things for employees. The term human resources initially came up in the early 20th century to collective attention for the value of labor relations. The concepts such as organizational behavior, motivation, and selection decisions began to mold up. In the current world, human resources management is an umbrella term used to explain the management and development of workers in the organization. It is also called talent management or personnel management.HR involves and looks after all the things interconnected to the managing of the company’s human resource capital.

According to Mr.French Wendell “Human resource management is the recruitment, selection, development, utilization of and accommodation to human resources by organizations”

The strategic and comprehensive approaches to managing people, culture, and environment of the workplace are main involvements of human resource management, also the main role of the professionals who are engaged in the human resource management in an organization is to make sure that the human capital is being looked after and helped through the design and management of programs, procedures, policies and encouraging a positive working environment through the implementation of more effective employer and employee relationship. The main objective of human resource management is that people who are involved in effective HR management are in a position to contribute to the organization's overall direction in a more productive and effective manner. Thereby assuring that the organization is able to achieve its main goals and objectives. Modern HRM team is responsible for traditional personal or administrative related tasks. On the other hand, human resource management team members are more focused to add additional value to the strategic utilization of employees and assuring that employee programs are introducing to the business in more positive and quantifiable ways.

Evolution of human resource management
According to Dr.Dave Ulrich raises a Likert professor of business, when closely monitor the history of HRM behavior there can be identified evolution of human resource management work or HRM thinking patterns. There are four stages in the evolution of HRM and it has been gradually developed up to the currently practicing stage. HRM evolution can be seen as follows. The first stage has given more priority to the administration work of HR personnel, mainly terms and conditions of work, distribution of human resource-related services, and also regulatory compliance. When it comes to HR most of the time it is about the “Transactional and administrative” work of HR, and this still continues to date but currently, it is done in different ways such as outsourcing and through technology solutions. The standard of HR services and credibility came through the capability to run the administrative procedures and resolve administrative issues effectively. In the second stage, HR has given priority to the design of innovative HR practice areas such as compensation, sourcing, rewarding, training and personal development, communication, and so on. Human resource managers in these areas started to connect and share with one another to develop a compatible approach to HRM. The credibility of HR is coming from the delivery of the best HR practice solutions. The third stage, This was introduced over 15 to 20 years or more, mainly focused on the combination of the organization’s HR strategy with the overall business strategy. HRM started looking into the business strategy to determine what are the priorities should work on and how to use resources in the best way. The fourth stage, This is also called “HR from the outside-in” According to the Dr.Dave Ulrich rather than focus only on employees inside the organization, human resource management should be also focused on stakeholders outside the of the organization as well on other words HR should looking on employees inside and customers, investors, and communities outside an organization. This will go beyond the strategic stage and here aligns work with business contexts and inside and outside stakeholders. While working with stakeholders organization HR professionals should make sure not to neglect the previously mentioned other three stages as well. That means the latest HR work will be included HR administration, design of innovative HR practices, develop HR strategy, along with work with business contexts and stakeholders. The Credibility of HR will be produced from that inside of the company as well as from those outsides of the company. (Today, 2020)

Employees are expecting an equal way of treating and favorable working conditions for the contribution to the organization as a return. This will give monitory as well as mental satisfaction. Customers are expecting rite products or services that meet their needs or satisfy their expectations. As a result, the company is getting revenue and market share in the market place. These needs vary from time to time. At the same time company should change its product or services. Investors are expecting solid financial performance in present as well as in the future as a return of investment capital of what they have invested. Always investors are keen on high-profit margins there for companies always should work on it. Communities are expecting organizations will obey the social responsibilities and respective laws in the nation and perform the business without harming the mother earth. In this new business context, this will be a challenging task because most of the companies are trying to use their CSR activities as part of the marketing or promotional activities.

Employees
The Pandemic has changed employees personally and official lifestyles as well, in this new normal working culture employees had to adopt a lot of unfamiliar working cultures such and work from home, safe and secure transportation, safety food, and at office hours are used to work with virtual platforms. Good hygienic practices at office place and keeping social distancing and so on. HR professionals are aware of these changes and react accordingly. Not only in the office have hours had to protect the employees at their off time as well. If not, employees will be disappointed and their efficiency will come down.

Customers
The pandemic has really affected the customers in many ways it has led to a change in purchasing habits, purchasing patterns, attitudes, and behaviors. And most of them will remain in the post-pandemic. Most of the customers will only purchase basic needs, and they are very price sensitive too, most of them are buying local and cheap substitutes, not the high price marked originals, most important behavioral change is with the pandemic customers are mostly engaging with online shopping and so forth Companies which are not catering the customers need in the post-pandemic period they will lose. And the companies who have to understand their customer needs and develop their front-line employees in order to satisfy and provide suitable products to the customers will be succeeded.(COVID-19: Fast-changing Consumer Behavior | Accenture, 2020)

Investors
The pandemic really affects the business community with lockdown most of the organizations are struggling more than making profits in the companies they are trying to meet at least the breakeven. Companies are not into profit-making means investors' profits also collapse and they will be frustrated. At this time if companies neglect the investors it will be lead to losing their investors and the overall organization will collapse. In a situation like this if HR managers have a close relationship with those by listing to their quarries it will a good motivation to them and finally, it will beneficial to the organization in this crisis situation.

Communities
The pandemic situation is overall affected the public community, At this moment community is suffering mentally, physically, and financially. Finally, community means customers of an organization. They are very keen on their loyal product and also they will be looking into what the organization will do to society. In this situation, if some organization follows wrong to practice it will lead to losing its customers in the post-pandemic period. Therefore the company's main focus should be community when it comes to the long run of the business. In that kind of situation if an organization’s HR professionals can think of it and give more priority to the good things that the organization can contribute to society the outcome in the post-pandemic period will be more meaning full and helpful to the organization. Such as correct CSR programs, respect and help for the social responsibilities and maintain good governance so on. To do this way as Dr.Dave Ulrich said HR professionals of an organization should learn to see from the window, not from the mirror.

Conclusion
Before I conclude I would like to suggest that next-generation HR practice, HR from outside-in will be the perfect solution for the pandemic and post-pandemic period for the organizations. Because it will help for organizations in many ways such as it will build up employee satisfaction and efficiency level customers satisfaction for what they getting, For investors developed confident level about an organization and finally this thinking will help to build up the trustworthiness of the community in long rung for the business operation. Therefore an organizational HR professional should change their mindsets and adapt to the new ways of thinking “HR from outside-in” to face the pandemic and post-pandemic period.'''