User:Devyart/sandbox/Incesetophobia

Why did you take all the work I did in my sandbox? I just tried to save what I had written by pushing the save /publis button and you took it all away! Incestophobia

Note: : 'ACI' is an acronym for 'Adult Consensual Incest', also known as ‘Consanguinamory.' /https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consanguinamory

'Consang' is an abbreviation of the adj.consanguinamorous but can most usualy used as a noun.

"CIAO' is an acronym for 'Consensual Incestuous Adult-Oriented' (person etc.) and also means consang /consanguinamorous.

Definitions of incestophobia noun: an extreme and irrational aversion to adult consensual incest-oriented (CIAO) sexuality, consanguineous relationships or people who want to be in or are already in a CIAO/ consanguinamorous relationship. Example: "Acts of racism, sexism, anti-Semitism, homophobia, incestophobia, xenophobia or just plain discrimination happen often. We are all taught to discriminate from a young age, just by watching and listening to those around us, as if by osmosis."

Incestophobia encompasses a range of negative attitudes and feelings toward consensual incest adult-oriented (CIAO) sexuality or people who are identified or perceived as havingt CIAO sexuality. It has been defined as contempt, prejudice, aversion, hatred, disgust or antipathy towards CIAO,people, and may be based on irrational fear, and is often related to religious beliefs instilled by religious education, indoctrination or propaganda.

Incestophobia is observable in critical and hostile behaviour such as discrimination and violence towards others on the basis of their CIAO sexual orientation which is non-exogamous. Recognized types of incestophobia include institutionalized incestophobia, e.g. religious incestophobia, state-sponsored incestophobia, and internalized incestophobia, experienced by people who have same-family attractions, (not limited to oedipal attractions) regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. (Note: In theory at least, institutionalized incestophobia (religious incestophobia, and state-sponsored incestophobia, ) may have existed even in Sasanian Persia c. 250-650 A.D. where the state religion Zoroastrianism encouraged consanguineous marriage ('Xwedodah' as 'it ensured that not only the family and its wealth were intact, but also the religious affiliation of the family remained Zoroastrian.'

While the state and state religion in Sasanian Persia formally accepted and encouraged consanguineous marriage, other religious groups within the Sasanian Empire, (Christianity, Judaism and others) apparently did not, and thus may be considered to have been ‘incestophobic’.

Negative attitudes towards identifiable CIAO groups have similar yet specific names: same-sex incestophobia, for example is the intersection of incestophobia and sexism directed against homosexuals who are CIAO. 'Ageist incestophobia is the intersection of incestophobia and ageism ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageism, where there is intolerance towards parent-child CIAO where there is an age differential between the adults involved (but not against sibling CIAO).

Contents

1 Origin of the term 2 Classification 2.1 Institutionalized incestophobia 2.1.1 Religious attitudes 2.1.1.1 Christianity and the Bible 2.1.1.2 Islam and sharia 2.1.2 State-sponsored incestophobia 2.1.2.1 Past governments 2.1.2.2 Current governments 2.2 Internalized incestophobia 2.3 Social incestophobia 3 Distribution of attitudes 3.1 The horrific seven costs of incestophobia 4 Efforts to combat incestophobia 5 Criticism of meaning and purpose 5.1 Distinctions and proposed alternatives 5.2 Opposition to the term "incestophobia" 5.2.1 Non-neutral phrasing 5.2.2 "Heterophobia" and "Homophobia” 6 See also ‘A test for incestophobia’ 7 References 8 External links

1 Origin of the term

Although some sexual attitudes tracing back to early civilizations can be termed incestophobic ( the Babylonians, Sumerians, (The (Legal) Code of Hammurabi contained laws against homosexuality and incest; (ancient Persia had laws against homosexuality and masturbation), Ancient Greece (8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (ca. 600 AD)), the term itself is relatively new,[9] and an intolerance towards CIAO sexuality (and homosexuals) grew quite sharply during the Middle Ages, especially by adherents of Islam and Christianity.[10] Note: the Christian Bible (Genesis) tells how God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, but after escaping from Sodom with his family, Abraham's nephew Lot had sex with his own two daughters and started two Jewish tribes, the Moabites and the Ammonites. They do not appear to have been incestophobic. Abraham, Lot’s uncle, who had married his own step-sister Sarah, was after many years blessed by God with a child who was named Isaac. Abraham and Sarah do not appear to have been incestophobic, or incestophobes, and Abraham's incestuous marriage was thus the basis of the Jewish race. Islam appears to consider Abraham as a great prophet, and traces its holy lineage to him via his child from an adulterous union with his wife’s Egyptian maid Hagah. Readers of the Bible might wonder how, at least at that early stage, (before the arrival of Moses and the laws against incest established in the Jewish religion in Leviticus, the Jewish God did not appear to have anything against consanguineous relationships.( or polyamory. The term incestophobia is a lend of (1) the word incest, and (2) phobia from the Greek Phóbos, meaning "fear" or "morbid fear". It is debateable when and where the word ‘incestophobia’ first appeared in print or was first used. Jane Dow referred to incestophobia in 2016 but does not lay claim to having invented the term. Consanguinamory podcast Jane Dow published on Jul 25, 2016 11:00PM Episode 65 'The horrific seven costs of incestophobia' PE01614: Adult Consensual Incest (ACI) Petition to Scottish parliament

(Note: The word 'incest' which is one of the root words in 'incestophobia' has been and still is highly controversial; it has been used and misused, interpreted and misinterpreted over many centuries, and was and is applied in legal, medical, common language and other contexts, differently in many times, places and cultures. Its meaning was defined simply in a common family dictionary (Readers' Digest Great Encyclopaedia Dictionary 1965) as 'sexual intercourse between persons related within degrees within which marriage is prohibited. "The meaning has been extended to the metaphorical to include 'questionable, unethical or illicit financial and informational cooperation between two or more companies or organisations." The precise legal definition of incest appears to be different in every one of the 50 states in America! (see Wikipedia Anti-CIAO prejudice (incestophobia) is a social problem that has been identified by scholars in social science for a long time, and has been drawn attention to in many articles calling for reform of incest laws in many countries where CIAO is still criminalised. Negative attitudes towards CIAO sexuality or "incestophobia", includes "a mixture of revulsion and apprehension" which could be called 'CIAO panic'. CIAO panic might be likened to the sort of hysteria in the individual that is easily whipped up into mass-hysteria of the kind that is intentionally spread during political psychological warfare / enemy state destabilisation programs that are used to influence and harness public opinion into supporting violent action such as in the witch/ heretic/ socialist/landowner hunts, of the Catholic Inquisition, and anti-communist movements in America, and anti-capitalist movements in China ( 'The Red Scare', under McCarthyism) anti-Semitic pogroms in Europe and Nazi Germany.

However, unlike 'homophobia', 'incestophobia' was not included as a mental illness in the DSM - (the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual (of mental illnesses) used by the American Psychiatric Association. Incestophobia might have a better claim to be a 'real 'mental illness though. For many decades, homosexuality was included in the DSM, and was also considered in all the Anglosphere a serious crime with heavy penalties, so that fear of being a homosexual or being accused of being an homosexual was probably a very valid, rational and justifiable reason for being homophobic, especially in those countries where homosexuality was capital offense (hanging) since the time of Henry VIII. On the other hand, incest had not been made into an actual crime on the statute books in England until relatively recently, ( 1908) ( a decade earlier in Australia and Utah) and was merely a breach of Ecclesiastical Law and thus it had only been subject to fines and penances by the church. There were many 'sins' that one could commit, that were not crimes as such, and the punishments perhaps had not been so severe under church law as to warrant a full-fledged 'phobia' as was the case with homosexuality. Dispensations had allowed certain consanguineous marriages to take place, especially where the ownership of large estates was at stake, and both the Church and important individuals could gain mutual benefits. It is ironic that the law in England over the last century has become much harsher towards CIAO people while becoming more lenient towards homosexuals. The process of liberalization of attitudes towards sex increased in the Anglosphere from the end of WWII, with the sexual revolution (often attributed to the works of Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, (Kinsey Report) Masters and Johnson, the contraceptive pill. A massive campaign to legalise homosexuality gained momentum at the same time as the Women’s Liberation movement, making great use of the media, movies, TV radio and the internet to spread the message of the need for great sexual freedom and tolerance.(Gay liberation movements often being an integral part of other street protests). When it became clear to governments that the war on AIDs could not be made effectively if homosexuality was illegal and homosexuals carried on their activities in secret, the AIDS pandemic became a useful tool for accelerating the legalization of homosexuality and gay marriage. Thus the media and government was forced to come around to supporting education and advertising campaigns to help normalise homosexuality in order to help reduce the spread of AIDs while the was no such ‘cutting of slack’ for people in CIAO relationships.

England and Wales The law relating to sexual offences in England and Wales was reviewed between 1999 and 2002. The 2003 Act replaced the offence of incest with two new wider groups of offences –familial child sex offences (sections 25–29) and sex with an adult relative (sections 64–65). However in Scotland there has been no recent government action or parliamentary consideration of this area of law, other than the 2009 Act. The odd situation in Scotland regarding incest is that, because the law defines the act of incest as involving both a vagina and a penis, siblings of the same sex, father-son or mother-daughter pairs, would not be considered incestuous under the law. As well as that, acts which would be considered incestuous child abuse in other countries, might not get the same harsh treatment in Scotland as they would overseas.(such as the rape (anal or oral) of an underage son by a father, or sexual abuse of a daughter by her mother.) (Roffee, James A, Incest in Scots Law: Missed Opportunities in the Scottish Law Commission Review (June 1, 2010). ‘Contemporary Issues in Law’, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 168-180, 2010. Available at SSRN:

For one thing, as Freud pointed to in his works, (Note page 184 'What Freud Really Said' David Stafford-Clark Pelican 1965) "The Oedipus Complex is in fact universal." Thus at one point or another in our lives, Oedipal urges, affect everyone and so it is inevitable that, with the good number of people who fail to pass successfully through the Oedipal phase of child development that they go on to develop something between a mild neurosis and a serious one (perhaps even a 'incestophobia') stemming from their natural Oedipal feelings and the socially -learned needed to repress them, and thus this group of people is likely to out-number those who have homosexual urges. In fact, homosexuals may be a subset of this larger ‘Oedipally repressed’ group. Recent statistics have shown that about 4% of the population are homosexuals, and while they may have more political power as an organized unit, they may appear (to homophobes) to constitute a smaller 'threat' to society’ than the (still as yet unknown but probably larger number of people who have intense Oedipal and incestuous desires, (but under the present legal and moral system) repress them and so become incestophobic as a reaction to their environment,( i.e. state, institutional, and religious incestophobia creating internal incestophobia/ neurosis). Some psychiatrists have theorised that homosexuality, perversions, other mental illnesses, and even some forms of criminal behaviour may result from Oedipal urges and interruptions to healthy psychological development during the Oedipal phase of childhood. Note.

People who had strong oedipal desires but suffered repression and could not act on their inclinations, may carry the extra-emotional/intellectual cognitive load of guilt and anxiety which could cause long lasting mental anguish and ill health.

Incestophobia may be aggravated in some states today wherein CIAO is still illegal but where great attempts have been made to normalize homosexuality as part of the new inclusive multi-cultural society using all media forms as well as the state education system. While large amounts of public funding has been spent on education, advertising (propaganda) pedagogical campaigns to create a more liberal environment and attitudes towards various sexual minority groups, attempts to create greater social acceptance of sexual diversity and understanding, have not been extended to creating greater social acceptance of CIAO, or to allay public misconceptions about adult consensual incest or to try to reduce incestophobia in any of its forms.

Efforts to further increase the rights of homosexuals and most other sexual minorities may, to some degree and in some areas, have worked against the interests of the CIAO community. This is because opponents of such social reform have accused those supporting the legalization of gay marriage, as acting like a vanguard "leading us down the slippery slope towards incest and bestiality" and this has acted as a wedge in the movement for greater sexual freedom between those who accept that CIAO people should have equal rights and those less progressive (in our opinion) who deny that they have any intention of supporting the legalization of CIAO and want to completely distance themselves from such a program - in some cases demonizing CIAO people more than non-LBGTIQ groups do, in order to appear more ‘high-minded’ and to appear to be on the side of ‘the mainstream’ conservative establishment which has now accepted them into its midst. Such people would deny that homosexuals are ever paedophiles or pederasts, or CIAO, but would insist that all CIAO people are child abusers. They would be incorrect. While some CIAO people can be homosexuals, CIAO people, by definition are by definition not involved in child abuse. As Jane Dow says in her article ‘ “Domestic violence can and does happen in all types of relationships, and it can occasionally occur in incestuous ones too. In regular relationships, if somebody is being beaten by their spouse, they can seek help and protection from the police and later bring the abuser to justice. With incest however, it is very different… the victim CANNOT go to the police without revealing the illegal relationship, and so the victim suffers in silence. So in this instance, the cost of incestophobia is actually helping abuse to remain hidden. Even when abuse is not physical, how can somebody have a chat to friends or other family members about it when even being in the relationship at all is illegal and considered immoral? They CAN’T.”

Incestophobia persists to some extent even in countries where CIAO is legal, (i.e. in France recently some protested against newly introduced laws against incestuous child abuse that still allow CIAO to remain legal between adults as it has been since 1810). In many countries where homosexuality has been de-criminalized the state continues to use the media, state educational and propaganda institutions to simultaneously 'normalise' homosexuality, whilst demonizing incest of all kinds, including CIAO, thus spreading and maintaining incestophobia. Here as the state institutions still make CIAO and CIAO acts into a serious crime, often with long jail sentences for those convicted of the victimless crime, and allow incestophobic propaganda and the seeds of fear and hate to be sown freely, i.e. from the plays of Sophocles, ( Oedipus Rex, Antigones, Shakespeare's plays (Pericles Prince of Tyre etc.) that depict even accidental incest as tragic, to modern English and American sitcom television series such as 'Frasier', and the 'Spoils of Babylon' that make jokes about incest, real or imaginary. i.e. In one episode of Frasier, Frasier, the hero, a psychiatrist, is attracted to a beautiful young woman and sleeps with her, only to abruptly reject her afterwards, (in typical narcissist fashion) when his family point out to him fact the women strongly resembles his deceased mother.

Several such incestophobia laden programs can be shown on television in succession on the same day. In one night (24/11/16) three comedy programs in Sydney NSW made incest the butt of (incestophobia) jokes. In 'The Spoils of Babylon' (a satirical show that depicts adopted brother-sister CIAO relationship which deteriorates into adult sibling rivalry in a 1960s corporate America). In one scene, Devon, the adopted son of oil baron Patriarch Jonas Morehouse) confesses to his father who sick and in a wheelchair) his lover for his legal sister Cynthia. Though their incest is not biological, the father is so incestophobic that he immediately forbids the relationship, but is so upset he dies (melodramatically) coughing up blood, and falling out of his wheelchair only to climb back into it, and then falling out again. At one point in the story the Devon is so incestophobic that he runs away from the sister he loves and becomes a drug addict, rather than try to maintain a secret liaison with her. Another time he marries a plastic upper-class British shop manikin and tried to maintain the pretence of a conventional marriage to it, rather than accept his own consanguineous love for his sister. The story depicts the sister as morally depraved (she is jealous of the manikin she sets fire to it and burns the house down), and also she has killed the inventor of a fuel-saving device and his family in order to preserve the profits of her family’s oil corporation. In this way her incestuous love is associated with corruption and evil. (However for those intelligent enough to discern, the story itself is not incestophobic. As someone in charge of a large oil corporation might act in way that benefits its shareholder, she is no different from others. She is a passionate woman who fights for what she loves and believes in. In the same way we don’t all necessarily connect a president’s invasive foreign policies or use of drones to assassinate US citizens with his private affairs. And we don’t condemn someone’s political or business practices simply because we disagree with their unconventional private lifestyle. In a bizarre way the story highlights these modern ethical issues, putting into contradistinction contrasting social and legal rules. (No punishment for corporate and military mass murders, while laws against adult consensual incest mean innocent people in CIAO love are sent to prison and their lives destroyed even though they have hurt no one.)

In one episode of the British sitcom Peep Show, Jeremy's gorgeous new American girlfriend puts his taboo-bashing beliefs to the test by asking him to paint himself black with Vegemite and while having sex with her to imagine that she is his mother. Though he makes the attempt, Jeremy appears to concede defeat and embarrassed, reveals his incestophobia, and his inability to be able to break the social taboo of incest against even thinking about or imagining having sex with his mother. Thus the show tries to extend the incest taboo, (against actual sex with a relative) into what it is not, (against merely imaginary acts of incest) and this was done by showing the impressionable audience, that this was a so distasteful to even to a bold and audacious man like Jeremy, known to be hopelessly, unscrupulous and consciously wanting to break all social taboos to impress his gorgeous young girlfriend, that he was unprepared to bash this new 'taboo' against imaginary incest. Such programs could make young and or impressionable people more frightened of adult consensual incest than is rational.

In an episode of King of Queens, (the same night) emotional incest, if not actual incest is implied when Doug is tricked into attending a surprise "Valentine's Day Party' given for his friend, by the attractive but kooky mother of his friend. Doug's friend is embarrassed and humiliated by this act of (emotionally incestuous) love by his mother, and he runs away from the party. The mother gets drunk and shows his friends a home movie of her son's circumcision ceremony (with her obvious great pleasure and pride. The dominating and sadistic Jewish mother, (possibly BPD) thus makes a public display of her son's symbolic disempowerment (circumcision) (her ability to cause him pain and cause reduced sexual pleasure is permanently marked on his body for life). Yet the man stays with his mother, in this voluntary sado-masochistic relationship, so attached and co-dependent are they to that he is emotionally unable to abandon her, "because she cannot drive a car." The show appears to mock this case of (possibly) unconscious CIAO attraction between mother and son, where the son, though he is likely to be ambivalent about his mother's love for him, still accepts the close relationship as long as it is not exposed and thus he is made to feel ashamed because of his internalized incestophobia. However, despite the incestophobia in their lives (keeping them from physically loving each other) both mother and son seem otherwise happy living together. The sitcom is set in the New York borough of Queens, only a few kilometres drive from the state of New Jersey, where Adult Consensual Incest is legal, where the mother and son could quite easily move to if they wanted to have a CIAO relationship. Though this fact not mentioned in the show, the show does perhaps reflect accurately homophobic and incestophobic attitudes in 21st century US society and focuses some attention on them, albeit, under the guise of humour. As with xenophobia and homophobia, incestophobia is a phobia of certain types of people and is a political term, not as yet recognized as a medical phobia, though perhaps it ought to be.

Incestophobia is not and has never been including in the DSM as a personality profile to describe the psychological aversion to CIAO but the term is an important tool for CIAO activists, advocates, and their allies to combat the establishment and get the incestophobic anti-CIAO laws removed. 'Incestophobia' has arisen to help the CIAO movement to combat entrenched bigotry and discrimination against the CIAO community. Describing the hostile attitudes towards CIAO by some people as a medical phobia is apt, because in many ways, the only reason this wasn't the case in the past is because the condition (incestophobia) was so widespread that it was mistakenly thought to be 'benign' and 'healthy' whereas in fact, if a society allows such discrimination and cruel treatment of a minority individuals (who are hurting no one) to go on for no good reason, then that society could be said to be suffering from moral and ethical blindness similar to that of those societies which allowed the slave trade to go on and the allowed escaped slaves to be punished, even killed merely for pursuing their own human rights to freedom, or when Jews and homosexuals were sent to prison and or killed simply for being Jews and homosexuals. [A] phobia about ACI / CIAO. It was a fear of CIAO sexuality which seems to be associated with a fear of contagion, a fear of devaluing the things one fought for — home and family. It was a religious fear, ( based in ignorance and disinformation) and it had led to great brutality as fear always does.[9] wiki has a false definition of incestophobia: 2 Classification Incestophobia manifests in different forms, and a number of different types have been postulated, among which are internalized incestophobia, social incestophobia, emotional incestophobia, rationalized incestophobia, and others.[21] There were also ideas to classify incestophobia, homophobia, racism, and sexism as an intolerant personality disorder.[22] Homosexuality is no longer in the DSM-4 (the diagnostics and statistical manual - version 4) In 1992 the American Psychiatric Association, (APA) calls on all international health organizations, psychiatric organizations, and individual psychiatrists in other countries to urge the repeal in their own countries of legislation that penalizes homosexual acts by consenting adults in private. Further, APA calls on these organizations and individuals to do all that is possible to decrease the stigma related to homosexuality wherever and whenever it may occur."[23]

Adult Consensual Incest was never classified in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM as a mental illness. The DSM-4 has a section on paraphilia, but this mentions incest only in relation to paedophilia; Neither does the DSM include adult consensual incest in their definition of a paraphilia. And thus it would be safe to assume the APA does not consider CIAO as a mental illness. Therefore the American Psychiatric Association, which must recognize the power of the stigma against CIAO (incestophobia) ought to issue a statement, reaffirming the organisations belief that CIAO/ ACI is not a mental illness, and say "Whereas adult consensual incest per se implies no impairment in judgment, stability, reliability, or general social or vocational incapability, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) calls on all international health organizations, psychiatric organizations, and individual psychiatrists in other countries to urge the repeal in their own countries of legislation that penalizes incestuous acts by consenting adults in private. Further, APA calls on these organizations and individuals to do all that is possible to decrease the stigma related to consensual adult incest wherever and whenever it may occur."

Institutionalized incestophobia

Religious attitudes Main article: Religion and adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality

The association of adult consensual incest sex with immorality or sinfulness is seen by many as a incestophobic act.

Many world religions contain anti-CIAO and incestophobic teachings, while other religions have varying degrees of ambivalence, neutrality i.e. The Na /Suo people of southern China traditionally practice Tibetan Buddhism, have no marriage and live in a matriarchal social system where CIAO relationships can occur outside any existing ( Matriarchal ) defined incest. (relationships within the matriarchal group may be considered incestuous, but not those between a member of the matriarch's family group and outsiders ( which can includes genetic fathers ). (Note: see 'The Visit' by Clifford Geertz.)

Some religious denominations bless or conduct certain CIAO marriages (such as cousin marriages which are forbidden by law in nearly half of the American states). These include most Islamic denominations and most churches in the UK which allow the marriage of even first cousins. Though the Parsees of India and other Zoroastrians around the world today generally do not allow consanguineous marriage, the Zoroastrian church in the last four hundred years before the Muslim takeover of that empire (c 250-650 AD), did encourage what they called 'Xwedodah', 'which ensured that not only the family and its wealth were intact, but also the religious affiliation of the family remained Zoroastrian. (Note p. 64 Sasanian Persian. Touraj Daryaee. I.B. Taurus 2009.)

The Greek Seleucids, before the arrival of Christianity allowed consanguineous marriage. For example

Laodice IV (flourished second half 3rd century BC and first half 2nd century BC) was a Greek Princess, Head Priestess and Queen of the Seleucid Empire.

In 196 BC, Laodice IV married her eldest brother, crown prince Antiochus. This was the first sibling marriage to occur in the Seleucid dynasty. After her brother-husband died, their father Antiochus III arranged for Laodice IV to marry for a second time with her second eldest brother, Seleucus IV Philopator. In 187 BC, her father died and her second husband succeeded their father as the Seleucid King and Laodice IV became the Seleucid Queen. After the death of Seleucus IV, Laodice married for the third time her youngest brother Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Their son, Antiochus V Eupator succeeded his father as Seleucid King.

(The Shakespearian play 'Pericles- Prince of Tyre', invents an incestuous relationship between a 'King Antiochus' and his unnamed daughter and also invents a punishment from the Gods for them ( death by lightning strike) as a way to inform the public that CIAO relationships are evil and always end in tragedy.) Sophocles, born about 500 BC wrote about 120 plays, of which tragedy 'Oedipus Rex' is the only one most people know about today, primarily for its anti- CIAO message, which is, like the Pericles play, a complete fabrication.

Romans p 133. Dura was originally a Macedonian foundation and had been part of the Seleucian Empire during the Hellenic period. It then came under Parthia (Persian) control until the 160s when the Romans took it. Roman domination lasted less than a century. However Dura was destroyed by the Persians in the 250s and abandoned. Inscriptions from the 1st century indicated that the inhabitants practised marriage between uncle and niece, and even between half siblings, evidently influenced by Persian custom. After Caracalla's grant of Roman citizenship, in 212, such marriage practices should have stopped, but probably did not; more than three centuries later, Justinian and Justin II, both had to grant amnesties to inhabitants of the region who continued to live in incestuous unions. (Corcoran 2000 pp 10-11) (Note : Women and the Law in the Roman Empire, Judith Evans Grubbs Published by Routledge (2002)

"Unlike some Mediterranean peoples (For instance Roman Egypt see chapter 2) the Romans had an incest taboo. Roman law placed restrictions on marriages between very close kin, including those related by adoption. In general, marriage between those related within three degrees was prohibited." Note ibid page 136

Christianity and the Bible Main articles: Christianity and CIAO sexuality and The Bible and CIAO sexuality.

The Bible, especially the Old Testament, contains some passages commonly interpreted as condemning same-family (CIAO) sexual relations. Leviticus 18: 6(King James Bible) says "None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin to him, to uncover their nakedness: I am the LORD" is also commonly seen as a condemnation of CIAO sexuality. Christians and Jews who oppose CIAO sexuality often cite such passages; historical context and interpretation is more complicated. Scholarly debate over the interpretation of these passages has focused on placing them in proper historical context, for instance pointing out that Abraham and Lot's sins are historically interpreted as being other than adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, and on the translation of rare or unusual words in the passages in question. Some modern Christians and Jews argue that since it was not until Moses' time that the Lord forbade incest, then Abraham and Sarah, and Lot and his daughters did not commit sins and broke no existing laws. Neither did the Westermarck Effect exist at that time, nor the Oedipus Complex. God thus was free to change the rules at any time it pleased Him and so he did. Others have argued that at the time of Abraham, the gene pool was still very clean and the chance of birth defects from incestuous mating was lower to non-existent, but that a few centuries later, in Moses' time, the ban on incest was necessary to protect the Jewish race from too many defective births. (Today we know that more than about 95% of children born with birth defects are from non-CIAO parents, meaning the previous argument was specious. These is no talk in the Hebrew or Christian Bibles of any children being born with birth defects, either amongst the Egyptians ( who practised CIAO marriage, ( especially but not only among the ruling families) the Jews themselves or among the Canaanites. \But the implication of the ban on incest in Leviticus is that it was a common enough practise previously amongst the Jews themselves at the time and punishments were necessary to reduce it, because of its (inferred) popularity. But as with sodomy, (also banned in Leviticus) it ('the new crime of incest, and the barbaric punishments meted out on those caught at it and the incestophobia naturally resulting from it ) was used as part of the demonization of the enemy ('The Philistines/Canaanites) which possessed the land the Jews wanted to occupy. For what other 'cassus belli' di the Jews have for for invading and killing those people? Under the new Jewish rules against the various types of incest, the punishment was invariably capital, and involved death by being thrown off buildings and or crushed to death by heavy stones, (Skilah) or having molten lead poured down the offender's throat. (Sreifah). The fear of such punishments (90% of death punishments by molten lead burning laws were for incest) being inflicted would be sufficient to make most people have an aversion to any thoughts of incest, (let alone actual acting out) if not utter terror and a paranoia about being accused of such a crime. Thus incestophobia could easily be created and maintained in people for generations by authorities created a generalised fear and terror of severe consequences (torture and a cruel and incredibly painful horrible death).

The official teaching of the Catholic Church regarding CIAO sexuality is that CIAO behaviour should not be expressed. "A decree of the Holy Office, 25 June, 1885, declares that in applications for matrimonial dispensations it is no longer necessary to make mention of the circumstance of incest relations between the petitioners." The Catechism of the Catholic Church States that, "Incest designates intimate relations between relatives or in-laws within a degree that prohibits marriage between them.181 St. Paul stigmatizes this especially grave offense: "It is actually reported that there is immorality among you. . . for a man is living with his father's wife. . . . In the name of the Lord Jesus. . . you are to deliver this man to Satan for the destruction of the flesh. . . . "182 Incest corrupts family relationships and marks a regression toward animality." 2389 Connected to incest is any sexual abuse perpetrated by adults on children or adolescents entrusted to their care. The offense is compounded by the scandalous harm done to the physical and moral integrity of the young, who will remain scarred by it all their lives; and the violation of responsibility for their upbringing." Islam and sharia Main article: adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality and Islam In some cases, the distinction between religious incestophobia and state-sponsored incestophobia is not clear, a key example being territories under Islamic authority. All major Islamic sects forbid CIAO sexuality, which is a crime under Sharia Law and treated as such in most Muslim countries. (However, in most of the former Soviet Socialist Republics where Islam has been dominant, ACI is legal, as it was when they were part of the Soviet Union. In former Soviet states sexual relations among close relatives and family members are only prosecuted in Moldova. Georgia and in its neighbouring countries (Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan) do not prohibit incest among adults" Turkey is predominantly a Muslim country, and is in some respects more modern and liberal than the US and UK because CIAO sexuality has been legal, as with homosexuality, in Turkey (centre of the Ottoman Empire) since 1860, before slavery became illegal in the USA. 14 of 15 post-Soviet states that do not prosecute ACI/CIAO.

In the 1976 legal code of Afghanistan, the only grounds for abortion was to save the life of the mother. Incest was not considered legal grounds for abortion. According to this article adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality appears to be legal. “Incest – sexual intercourse between close relatives – is not a new type of crime in Afghanistan, but the Afghan penal code does not include specific regulations to address it.” Article 429, established in 1976, does cover the crime of rape (tajawoz jensi). But.. Article 427 did indeed mention “the case where the person against whom the crime has been committed is a relative, up to the third degree of the offender.” However, in 1977 article 427 was amended, removing the list of additional items. Now it only addresses adultery (zena, sex outside the marriage, but a consensual act among adults), prescribing punishment for anyone involved. With this, the Afghan state has removed additional safeguards for victims, particularly victims raped within the family or even children raped within the family. Consensual Adult Incest (CIAO) in Afghanistan appears to be less of an issue (for the law at least, understandable in a country vexed by many very real and serious social problems, Incestophobia may be less endemic than homophobia., as even after the fall of the Taliban, homosexuality went from a capital crime to one punished with fines and prison sentences. About 155 countries around the world that continue to consider adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality illegal, but these countries are small and make up less than half the world population. Much of the world was conquered and ruled as part of the British Empire, especially Africa, and many countries that formerly has no laws against incest and homosexuality had such laws forced on them by gunpoint by the British and, and due to British religion and education systems and values systems imposed on them, most retained those incestophobic and homophobic laws after the British left. Iran According to the Article 82 of Iran's Penal code, incest is forbidden and its punishment is up to death penalty. In many Muslim countries, cousin marriages are considered normal, unlike in about half American states where they are considered as incestuous and illegal. Under Sharia Law a girl who is a victim of statutory rape, may also be sentenced with the crime of khalwat (close proximity of unmarried man and woman) are punishable in Sharia courts. According to this article, in Islamic law “while it is prohibited to marry one’s own daughter who is conceived in marriage, it is not prohibited in Islam to marry one’s own daughter if she is conceived out of wedlock.” (This would imply that in Islam, there is less of a fear of genetic incest than there is in the west, which makes sense because the number of children born with birth defects in absolute terms, if Microscopic in the CIAO community compared to the large number of case in non-CIAO families. In Saudi Arabia, the maximum punishment for homosexuality is public execution, but the government will use other punishments – e.g., fines, jaime, whipping – and even forced sex change as alternatives, unless it feels that people engaging in homosexual activity are challenging state authority by engaging in LGBT social movements.[35 But it is worth quoting in full from the Keith Pullman website here: “Consanguineous Marriage and the Modern Saudi The Saudi Gazette recently ran an article about Saudis continuing to prefer consanguineous marriages.

The article starts off with the genetics scare tactic. According to Ahmed Qassim Al-Ghamdi, the former head of the Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, awareness among Saudis of hereditary disease in children and their relationship to marriages between relatives has increased due to the progress made in scientific research. Al-Ghamdi, however, said many of the risks have been exaggerated and urged couples to undergo premarital blood testing.

“Scientific studies have proven that there is an increase in risk of affliction with certain hereditary diseases among children born from marriages between close relatives. The studies have proven a high probability of the husband and wife carrying the same genes if they are relatives. Hence, this increases the probability of their children carrying a gene for a rare disease. However, this does not necessarily mean that every related couple’s child will be born with hereditary disease,” he said.

The article gets into religion... “The belief that marriage between relatives in itself increases hereditary diseases in children is an exaggerated belief. Islam has permitted marriage between relatives. The Prophet (peace be upon him) married his daughter Fatima to his cousin Ali Bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). The companions of the Prophet followed the same path. This is widespread in Arab societies even though it has a role in the appearance of some hereditary diseases. At the same time, it causes the appearance of some good characteristics. The moderate view is to take precautions by undergoing premarital blood testing,” he added.

I think it is a good idea for anyone planning to have their own genetic children to look into their risks. Educational consultant Dr. Shaker Al-Hukair said one cannot issue an absolute judgment in favour or against consanguineous unions especially since many Saudis support such unions due to several reasons.

“The most important among these reasons is to follow what happened during the era of the Prophet (pbuh) as he married his daughter Fatima to his cousin Ali Bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). Marriage between relatives strengthens the bonds of kinship, aside from boosting the bonds of intermarriage. A husband and wife need a lot of wisdom in dealing with their marital differences and even in the case of separation, the bonds of kinship and kindness remain. Despite the disadvantages of marriage between relatives, I still believe that the advantages exceed the disadvantages. The previously mentioned matters are a sufficient reason for supporting marriage between relatives,” he said. Marriages to cousins, cousins-once-removed, second cousins, etc. has a long history around the world. It is ridiculous that any country or any US state discriminate against or ban such marriages. It's good to see support in Saudi Arabia.

As mentioned many former British colonies maintain incestophobic laws. Most states in the USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Britain’s former African colonies maintain laws that make CIAO sexual relationships illegal and punish them with jail sentences. State-sponsored incestophobia State-sponsored incestophobia includes the criminalization and penalization of adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, hate speech from government figures, and other forms of discrimination, violence, persecution of CIAO people.[37] Past governments Main articles: CIAO rights in China, History of Christianity and adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, and CIAO rights in Russia See also: History of CIAO people in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust In some but not all cases in medieval Europe, CIAO sexuality was considered a sin, but under the Catholic church, which extended the definition of incest from a few degrees of consanguinity to a great many, so that people would have to search great distances to find a partner who was not a distant blood relative, those with enough money merely needed to pay a dispensation to the church for permission to marry consanguineously. Those who needed to worry about incestophobia were those too poor to be able to raise enough capital to marry their relative. The countries in Europe today which have the largest Catholic populations, tend to be more liberal towards CIAO and do not criminalise it, whereas, the countries that adopted Protestantism, tend to have harsher laws against CIAO. In Iceland as an example, offenders were once punished by being executed and later they were worked to death in work camps, so sinful was the offense thought to be. Today, according to Wikipedia, in Denmark, \sex with a descendant is punishable by up to 6 years' imprisonment. Sex between siblings is punishable by up to 2 years' imprisonment. A Danish professor has argued that sex between consensual adult siblings should be legal.

Már Jónsson writes: “Stóridómur (English: The Grand Judgment) was a set of laws passed by the Icelandic parliament, Alþingi, in the summer of 1564, following the adoption of Lutheranism in Iceland. The instigators of the laws were the two law speakers of the Alþingi and the Danish King's representative in Iceland, Páll Stígsson. The King confirmed the laws in the following year. Iceland had recently adopted Lutheranism, and the laws were enacted to reduce moral licentiousness and sexual lasciviousness in the country. The laws introduced harsher punishments for various moral crimes, such as incest and having children out of wedlock, and placed the executive power of meting out punishment and collecting fines in the hands of the emissaries of the Danish King.[1] An example of the punishment for incest (besides beheading for men and drowning for women, was being sent to prison to do hard labour. In the years 1683-1687, however, a legal rule was introduced in the Danish Kingdom, stating that people who had been sentenced to death could have their case sent to the king himself. He would then decide whether they should be executed or sent to prison for life, where they were put to extremely hard work. By 1730, executions for incest had become an exception and imprisonment for life the rule - although, for many, this may have been worse than death. The conditions were terrible and of the eighteen Icelandic prisoners who came to Copenhagen-prisons in 1756, only four were alive one year later. ( The Sound of Heavy Industry) By the middle of the nineteenth century most incestuous people were "only" put in prison for a few years, and then released. Incest had stopped being a crime against God and was now only considered to be a disruption of orderly relations in society. “ Incest in Iceland 1500-1900 by Már Jónsson The theologian Thomas Aquinas was influential in linking condemnations certain types of sexual behaviour with the idea of natural law, arguing that "special sins are against nature, as, for instance, those that run counter to the intercourse of male and female natural to animals, and so are peculiarly qualified as unnatural vices."[39] Ironically ‘the Reformation’ may have resulted in harsher treatment of CIAO people. Invention of the printing press, the age of faster communications may have increased incestophobia as false information, disinformation and indoctrination with false ideas could be greatly accelerated. In ancient China, incestophobia was not as greatly ingrained, as say homophobia was in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China when homosexual behaviour was outlawed ( 1740). The story of the incestuous love relationship between Lady wen Jiang (Duchess of Lu, died c 673 BC) and her brother Duke Xiang, who had her husband murdered, is fairly well known and accepted in China.[42] When Mao Zedong came to power, the government thought of homosexuality as a "social disgrace or a form of mental illness", and "[d]during the cultural revolution (1966–76), people who were homosexual faced their worst period of persecution in Chinese history." Despite there being no law in the communist People's Republic against adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, or homosexuality" police regularly rounded up gays and lesbians." Other laws were used to prosecute homosexual people and they were "charged with hooliganism or disturbing public order."[43] Persecution of CIAO people in China under CCP rule is something that needs more research. In Clifford Geetz’s article ‘The Visit’ which reviews A Society Without Fathers or Husbands: The Na of China by Cai Hua, translated from the French by Asti Hustvedt, Geertz points out that in the 1950s the communists used their power to try to force the non-conforming ‘Na’ people of southern China (matriarchal, non-marrying and ‘fatherless’ people) who occasionally may have been in incestuous relationships from the Chinese and western point of view) to conform and enter conventional marriages. But this doesn’t seem to have been from a desire to stamp out incest or from incestophobic motives. Perhaps it was to force the Ng people to move from their ( basically) ‘primitive Communism’ to Mao’s communism.(These people were already living the dream of living in cooperative matriarchal communes with no private property, with not marriages, where women did not have husbands, children had no fathers. Thus there could be no ‘biological ‘incest’ in the western sense, nor need for western incest rules to protect private property, since no private property existed. The Soviet Union under Vladimir Lenin decriminalized adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality in 1922, long before many other European countries. The Soviet Communist Party effectively legalized no-fault divorce, abortion and adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, when they abolished all the old Tsarist laws and the initial Soviet criminal code kept these liberal sexual policies in place.[44] Lenin's emancipation was reversed a decade later by Joseph Stalin and adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality remained illegal under Article 121 until the Yeltsin era. Ciao people were among the many groups besides the Jewish people who were targeted by the Nazis, imprisoned and died during the Holocaust. Current governments Main articles: CIAO rights in Iran, CIAO rights in Jamaica, CIAO rights in North Korea, CIAO rights in Saudi Arabia, CIAO rights in Uganda, and CIAO rights in Zimbabwe See also: CIAO law and Scottish Anti-CIAO sexuality laws Petitions 2016 in Scottish against Scotland’s Anti-CIAO laws. United Kingdom Further information: Sexual offences in the United Kingdom and Prohibited degree of kinship § United Kingdom Legislation regarding sexual offences in the United Kingdom is devolved. Sex with an adult who is related as parent (including adoptive parent), grandparent, child (including adopted child), grandchild, brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, uncle, aunt, nephew or niece, is illegal. In England and Wales the offence is against the Sexual Offences Act 2003[67] which effectively replaced the offence of incest with two new wider groups of offences: familial child sex offences (sections 25–29) and sex with an adult relative (sections 64–65). In Northern Ireland similar offences are against the Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008.[68]

In Scotland the offence is against the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995,[69] the provisions of which effectively replaced the Incest and Related Offences (Scotland) Act 1986[70] (although the 1986 Act was not actually repealed until 2010).[71] Prior to the 1986 Act the law was based on the Incest Act 1567 which incorporated into Scots criminal law Chapter 18 of the Book of Leviticus, using the version of the text of the Geneva Bible of 1562.[72] In January 2016 a petition calling for “Adult Consensual Incest” to be decriminalised, was submitted to the Scottish Parliament's Public Petitions Committee but the petition was not debated and no change was made to the law.[73] While The North Korean government condemns Western Gay culture as a vice caused by the decadence of capitalist society, and denounces it as promoting consumerism, classism, and promiscuity, it does not condemn CIAO. CIAO is not illegal in North Korea. In North Korea, "violating the rules of collective socialist life" can be punished with up to two years' imprisonment.[46] However, according to the North Korean government, "As a country that has embraced science and rationalism, the DPRK recognizes that many individuals are born with adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality as a genetic trait and treats them with due respect. Homosexuals and CIAO people in the DPRK have never been subject to repression, as in many capitalist regimes around the world." Many African countries which were colonised by Britain thus had British laws forced upon them at gun point and this may explain why they had anti -gay and anti-CIAO laws to this day. Wikipedia says "In Zimbabwe, all forms of incest could result in a jail sentence, including cousins as far as fourth cousins.[9] Robert Mugabe, the president of Zimbabwe, has waged a violent campaign against LGBT people, arguing that before colonisation, Zimbabweans did not engage in homosexual acts. In August 1995, during the Zimbabwe International Book Fair.[48] He told an audience: "If you see people parading themselves as lesbians and gays, arrest them and hand them over to the police!"[49] ] Internalized incestophobia

Internalized incestophobia refers to negative stereotypes, beliefs, stigma, and prejudice about adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality and LGBT people that a person with same-sex attraction turns inward on themselves, whether or not they identify as LGBT.[52][53][54] The degree to which someone is affected by these ideas depends on how much and which ideas they have consciously and subconsciously internalized.[55] These negative beliefs can be mitigated with education, life experience and therapy,[54][56] especially with gay-friendly psychotherapy/analysis.[57] Internalized incestophobia also applies to conscious or unconscious behaviours which a person feels the need to promote or conform to cultural expectations of heteronormativity or Heterosexism. [52] This can include extreme repression and denial coupled with forced outward displays of heteronormative behaviour for the purpose of appearing or attempting to feel "normal" or "accepted."[52] Expressions of internalized incestophobia can also be subtle. Some less overt behaviours may include making assumptions about the gender of a person's romantic partner, or about gender roles.[52] Some researchers also apply this label to LGBT people who support "compromise" policies, such as those that find civil unions acceptable in place of same-sex marriage.[58] Some studies have shown that people who are incestophobic are more likely to have repressed homosexual desires.[59] In 1996, a controlled study of 64 heterosexual men (half said they were incestophobic by experience, with self-reported orientation) at the University of Georgia found that men who were found to be incestophobic (as measured by the Index of incestophobia)[60] were considerably more likely to experience more erectile responses when exposed to homoerotic images than non-incestophobic men.[61] Another study in 2012 arrived at similar results when researchers found that students who came from "the most rigid anti-gay homes" were most likely to reveal repressed homosexual attraction.[62] The researchers said that this explained why some religious leaders who denounce adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality are later revealed to have secret homosexual relations.[62] They noted that "these people are at war with themselves and are turning this internal conflict outward."[62] A 2016 eye-tracking study showed that heterosexual men with high negative impulse reactions toward homosexuals gazed for longer periods at homosexual imagery than other heterosexual men. [63] Researchers may find the term incestophobia to be more "problematic" compared other more obscure terminologies.[54] The phrase 'internalized sexual stigma' is another term that can sometimes be used in place to represent internalized incestophobia.[61] An internalized stigma arises when a person believes negative stereotypes about themselves, regardless of where the stereotypes come from. It can also refer to many stereotypes beyond sexuality and gender roles. Internalized incestophobia can cause discomfort with and disapproval of one's own sexual orientation. Ego-dystonic sexual orientation or ego-dystonic incestophobia, for instance, is a condition characterized by having a sexual orientation or an attraction that is at odds with one's idealized self-image, causing anxiety and a desire to change one's orientation or become more comfortable with one's sexual orientation. Such a situation may cause extreme repression of Ciaosexual desires.[60] In other cases, a conscious internal struggle may occur for some time, often pitting deeply held religious or social beliefs against strong sexual and emotional desires. This discordance can cause clinical depression, and a higher rate of suicide among CIAO youth (up to 30 percent of non-heterosexual youth attempt suicide) has been attributed to this phenomenon.[55] Psychotherapy, such as CIAO affirmative psychotherapy, and participation in a sexual-minority affirming group can help resolve the internal conflicts, such as between religious beliefs and sexual identity.[61] Even informal therapies that address understanding and accepting of non-normative orientations can prove effective.[55] Many diagnostic "Internalized incestophobia Scales" can be used to measure a person's discomfort with their sexuality and some can be used by people regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Critics of the scales note that they presume a discomfort with non-normative sexuality which in itself enforces hetero/homo-normativity.[60] Social incestophobia

The fear of being identified as CIAO might be considered as a form of social incestophobia. Theorists including Calvin Thomas and Judith Butler once suggested that homophobia was based in an individual's fear of being identified as gay and unmanly.(Homosexuality was illegal in the US and UK until a few decades ago and is still illegal in many countries such as Singapore and Malaysia and other countries that were formerly British colonies and also may still be considered dishonourable in certain conservative pockets of the population. The same process might occur with incestophobia, with a CIAO individual’s fear of being publicly humiliated if their CIAO sexuality is exposed, even if they have not acted on their CIA orientation. Some people might be both homosexual and CIAO, and living in countries where both homosexuality and gay marriage is legal, but where Adult Consensual Incest ( CIAO) is not. If such individuals are incestophobic, then their incestophobia might be based more on their illegal CIAO relationship and their fear of loss of unpopularity for their unusual sexual orientation than with any insecurity about their homosexuality making them appear as less masculine, especially since homophobic attitudes are now frowned upon by the media and the elites.

However such incestophobia and homophobia would be based on ignorance or disinformation, since it is fairly common knowledge that several very great people were incestuous (CIAO) such as, Abraham the prophet and Shapur I, (the Sasanian emperor who defeated the Roman army and captured the Roman leader Valerius), and homosexual (Alexander the Great). Nobody in their right mind could seriously question the masculinity or manliness of these great leaders. Incestophobia and homophobia may be common among the uneducated and less knowledgeable people, and possibly even widespread amongst sports players and their fans[66]. However it is likely that those afflicted come from all backgrounds and classes, as is the case with mental illnesses where the causes are man-made and ideological ideas that fly about these days at next to light speed. (See Aaron Esterson 'A Study in the Dialectics of Madness' p 322 "But the true scandal is that persons are formally labelled mad or ill because they are scandalizing others."

Theorists have argued that a person who expresses incestophobic thoughts and feelings does so not only to communicate their beliefs about CIAO people as a minority group, but also to distance themselves from this minority and its social status. Thus, by distancing themselves (differentiating themselves / discriminating against..)from CIAO people, they are reaffirming their (superior) role as a heterosexual/homosexual in a hetero-homo-LGBTIQ- normative culture, thereby attempting to prevent themselves from being labelled and (mis) treated as an (oppressed and under-appreciated) CIAO or polyamorous person.

see 'Sexual Citizenship ' by David Evans. (Evans' book omits CIAO and Polyamorous sexuality altogether from his framework of sexual citizenship but describes five types of secondary (second class?) sexual citizenships as being homosexuality, bisexuality, transvestism and trans-sexuality, youthful sexuality and female sexual citizenship. i.e. no mention of Adult Consensual Incest Orientation. This is an old book now (1993) and in Australia at least, most of those 5 "second class sexual citizens" have got full legal rights, (except for marriage) something that CIAO /consanguinamorous or polyamorous people still don't have.) This interpretation alludes to the idea that a person may posit violent opposition to "the Other" as a means of establishing their own identity as part of the majority and thus gaining social validation, when in fact they may harbour just as many CIAO or Oedipal desires, fantasies or thoughts as any other person. The incestophobe, like the homophobe may in fact be in denial about their own CIAO orientation, experience, and like the narcissist putting on a false self, pretends to the outer world as much as to himself, to be something he is not, and cannot be ( ‘perfectly normal.’)

As with homophobia which can be viewed as a method of protection of male masculinity.[67] a theoretically even larger number of people may be incestophobic in order to appear normal in a predominantly incestophobic society.

Note: estimates of the number of people who are incestophobic are of questionable veracity. One estimate of close to 100% may not be far off the mark

Various psychoanalytic theories explain homophobia as a threat to an individual's own same-sex impulses, whether those impulses are imminent or merely hypothetical. Simply it may be a neurosis that is a psychological defence mechanism that protects the individual from the perceived threat of an attack on his ego and identity that believes he will receive from his superego ( and other people) if he identifies as a gay. This threat causes repression, denial or reaction formation.[68] neurosis. Distribution of attitudes Further information: Societal attitudes toward adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality Incestophobes in New Jersey and France recently tried to make l CIAO illegal. CIAO has been legal in France since 1810, but legislators who tried to put incest back onto the legal books, failed to make adult consensual incest illegal. ” Mrs Marie-Louise Fort and some of her fellow deputies wished, having collected the testimony of victims of incest and heard a large number of professionals involved in the care of these victims, propose to Parliament a text to specifically register incest in our criminal code.” “On 27 January 2010, France reinstated laws against incest. The new law, however, defines incest as rape or sexual abuse on a minor "by a relative or any other person having lawful or de facto authority over the victim".[42] Incest between consenting adults is not prohibited.”

American Democrats and Republicans have differing attitudes towards CIAO people. In New Jersey and Rhode Island CIAO is not illegal but Mary Pat Angelini, an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from January 8, 2008 to January 12, 2016, attempted to re-criminalise incest in her state.

Between January 2010 and November 2014, many individuals around the world have been jailed due to their real or perceived CIAO sexual orientation; some have been beaten and killed.

In the past under Jewish law CIAO people were burned (Sreifah) as a punishment, and cruel punishment involved the pouring of molten lead into the mouth of people convicted of incest. Thus the fear and paranoia, incestophobic neurosis about the idea of being caught for such an offense must have been very great. While CIAO is not illegal in modern nuclear and scientific Israel, and at least 39 other countries, many countries have over the centuries were influenced by the Judeo Christian Islamic faiths, and introduced harsh laws against incest accordingly. But some countries have modernized more than others, and some still are dominated by large antiquated religious groups which hold check over the instruments of power.

As with homophobia, fear of adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality and of CIAO people is not evenly distributed throughout each society or state but is more or less pronounced according to age, ethnicity, geographic location, race, sex, social class, education, partisan identification and religious status.[69] According to UK HIV/AIDS charity AVERT, religious views, lack of homosexual feelings or experiences, and lack of interaction with gay people are strongly associated with such views.[70] The same is true for CIAO people: religious views, lack of Ciao sexual feelings or experiences, and lack of interaction with CIAO people are strongly associated with such incestophobic views.[

The anxiety of heterosexual individuals (particularly adolescents whose construction of heterosexual masculinity is based in part on not being seen as incestuous ( or gay) that others may identify them as CIAO[71][72] has also been identified as an example of incestophobia.[73] The taunting of boys seen as eccentric (and who are not usually gay) is said to be endemic in rural and suburban American schools, and has been associated with risk-taking behaviour and outbursts of violence (such as a spate of school shootings) by boys seeking revenge or trying to assert their masculinity.[74] while having to repress their gay and or CIAO orientations…. Incestophobic bullying is probably quite common in schools in the United Kingdom.[75], a country that regularly jails people for being in adult consensual relationships, but where children are regularly sexually abused by family members and nothing is done, because of incestophobic taboos against discussion of sex, including sexual abuse of minors) encourages ignorance and silence, so that most children remain disempowered and fearful of what will happen if they report an incident of sexual abuse to the police or other authorities. In some cases, the works of authors who merely have the word "Gay" in their name (Gay Talese, Peter Gay) or works about things also contain the name (Enola Gay) have been destroyed because of a perceived pro-homosexual bias. [76] In the United States, attitudes about people who are homosexual may vary on the basis of partisan identification. Republicans are far more likely than Democrats to have negative attitudes about people who are CIAO and lesbian, according to surveys conducted by the National Election Studies from 2000 through 2004. This disparity is shown in the graph on the right, which is from a book published in 2008 by Joseph Fried. The tendency of Republicans to view CIAO and lesbian people negatively could be based on incestophobia, religious beliefs, or conservatism with respect to the traditional family.[77]

incestophobia also varies by region; statistics show that the Southern United States has more reports of anti-gay prejudice than any other region in the US.[78] To re-phrase a comment about homosexuality in a 1998 address by author, activist, and civil rights leader Coretta Scott King )"(incestophobia) is like racism and anti-Semitism and other forms of bigotry in that it seeks to dehumanize a large group of people, to deny their humanity, their dignity and personhood."[79] Negative feelings towards (CIAO) people are also associated with other discriminatory behaviours.[80] According to the study, hatred of (CIAO) people, anti-Semitism, and racism are "likely companions."[80] Baker hypothesized "maybe it's a matter of power and looking down on all you think are at the bottom."[80] A study performed in 2007 in the UK for the charity Stonewall reports that up to 90 percent of the population support anti-discrimination laws protecting homosexuals and lesbian people.[81] Social constructs and culture can perpetuate incestophobic attitudes. Such cultural sources in the black community include:

Music and music videos[82][83][84] Churches [85][86][87] Sources of incestophobia in the white community include: The Arts Films and literature that project negative CIAO stereotypes.[88] Churches[89] Professional sports in many countries involves homophobic and incestophobic expressions by star athletes and by fans. However, while the major professional sports regard the LGBT community as an important marketing base, and thus oppose homophobia, they do not oppose incestophobia, or advocate tolerance towards CIAO people. 3.1 The horrific seven costs of incestophobia Jane Dow's Consanguinamory website ( lists the ‘horrific seven costs of incestophobia:’ In brief, Jane Dow’s 7 major costs of incestophobia are: (1) Financial costs to governments of police detection, apprehension of suspects, prosecution, legal defence (where defendants cannot afford their own council) incarceration, and rehabilitation, and social welfare costs after the criminals have been made unemployable and homeless. Loss of taxes and productivity to the state due to victims of incestophobia being made unemployable. (2) Costs of victim of incestophobia through loss of job, career, income, investments (loss of mortgage properties through lost inability to keep up repayments) etc. (3) Loss of family and friendships do to stigma of criminal record for ‘sex crimes’. High psychiatric costs to the state for loss of enjoyment of life, due to resulting social isolation and loneliness. (4) Loss of children from relationship and the psychological cost they pay from being taken being away from parents and put in foster homes, orphanages, state care. (If state is the carer, the quality of care is so low, and the abuse of children in state care so common that children are worse usually off. A high percentage children placed in state care end up in prison.) (5) Loss of safety and physical and security for the victim and family members of incestophobia when their privacy is lost due to publicity of open court case and their pictures and names are placed in the newspapers. They may be physically as well as verbally attacked.( cost to the state for treatment of medical and psychic injuries). (6) The cost (physical and mental) to the individual CIAO person where, because of laws against CIAO, they are afraid to report instances of domestic violence from a partner to authorities for fear of being charged with incest and jailed. (7) The cost to the nation in the form of shame and humiliation when the public finally realizes the error of its own and the state’s persecution (in their name) of CIAO people as what it is - the great and harmful self-injury of society against itself, which benefits no one.

(Another potential cost to the state, ( after incest laws are overturned) may be large financial penalties when CIAO organizations successfully launch class action suits retrospectively for compensation for injuries to CIAO people who were incarcerated (illegally detained) and denied their human rights.) see Jane Dow's Consanguinamory website for more details 4 Efforts to combat incestophobia At the present time Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, do not condemn laws that make consanguineous sexual relations between consenting adults a crime. Since 1994, the United Nations Human Rights Committee has not ruled that such (incestophobic) laws violate the right to privacy that are guaranteed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (as it did in the case of homosexuality). As such, despite the UN's inaction on this matter, countries that maintain such laws are clearly in breach of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In 2008, the Roman Catholic Church did not issue a statement which "urges States to do away with criminal penalties against CIAO persons." Whereas the UN Assembly did call for an end of penalties against homosexuals in the world.[95] In March 2010, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a recommendation on measures to combat discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity, described by the Secretary General as the first legal instrument in the world dealing specifically with one of the most long-lasting and difficult forms of discrimination to combat.[96] Arguably his could be interpreted as a call to combat discrimination against CIAO people, since their sexual orientation towards consensual adult incest ( i.e. Consensual Incestuous Adult-Oriented=CIAO). To combat incestophobia, the CIAO community may need to use events such as CIAO pride parades (these have been held simultaneously but discreetly in close proximity with LBGT parades, however for the most part, CIAO political activism (See CIAO pride) is conducted on-line for reasons of safety. Public CIAO activism is criticized by some in the CIAO movement as counter-productive, as CIAO pride parades might be seen by some as being on the more "extreme" end of the sexuality spectrum of fetish-based and gender-variant aspects of LGBT culture. However that is far from being the case. In fact CIAO people can be on any place on the sexuality spectrum, from conservative to radical. The fear of CIAO pride and CIAO activism is yet another example of the persistence of incestophobia existing among both heterosexuals and homosexuals, and paradoxically even among some CIAO people themselves. One form of organized resistance to incestophobia could be the ‘International Day Against Incestophobia’ (or IDAI), to be celebrated on a day yet to be decided by CIAO groups. Most likely such a celebration/s would be developed more safely in the 40 states and countries where CIAO is already legal.( Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, People's Republic of China, Estonia, France, Georgia, India, Israel, Italy ( if no scandal is caused) Ivory Coast, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghiz Republic, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands ,New Jersey (US) Pakistan, Portugal, Rhode Island ((US), Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan Ukraine, Uzbekistan. In addition to public expression, legislation should be designed, controversially, to oppose incestophobic acts, ( such as hate speech, hate crimes,) and laws that discriminate against people on the basis of their CIAO orientation. Successful preventative strategies against incestophobic prejudice and bullying in any location need to include teaching pupils about historical figures who were CIAO, (such as Abraham and Sarah) or who suffered discrimination because of their CIAO sexuality.(the list possibly includes George and Anne Boleyn).

Some argue that anti-CIAO prejudice is immoral and goes above and beyond the effects on that class of people. Now that homosexual marriage has been accepted in most of the west, what Warren J. Blumenfeld argued about homophobia (that ‘it gains a dimension beyond itself, as a tool for extreme right-wing conservatives and fundamentalist religious groups and as a restricting factor on gender-relations as to the weight associated with performing each role accordingly’) might be said to be equally if not more true on incestophobia. [101] To apply what Blumenfeld said about homophobia to incestophobia: "(Incestophobic) bias causes young people to engage in sexual behaviour earlier in order to prove that they are conventional.” Anti-CIAO bias may have contributed to the spread of the AIDS epidemic. ( since some people became conventionally sexually promiscuous or gay and got infected during gay sex rather than be different and have a CIAO relationship with a family member who was more than likely not a carrier of HIV or other STDs.

Anti-CIAO bias prevents the ability of schools to create effective honest sexual education programs that would save children's lives and prevent STDs (sexually transmitted diseases)." If someone is in a stable CIAO relationship they are less likely to engage in risky promiscuous behaviour with strangers at parties or in public toilets. Incestophobia could be reduced through exposure (learning about CIAO experiences), explanation (understanding the different challenges faced by CIAO people), and experience (putting themselves in situations experienced by CIAO people by working alongside CIAO co-workers or volunteering at a CIAO community centre). 5 Criticism of meaning and purpose 5.1 Distinctions and proposed alternatives Researchers have proposed alternative terms to describe prejudice and discrimination against CIAO people. Some of these alternatives show more semantic transparency while others do not include -phobia:

One alternative is ‘CIAOsexophobia’ (similar to homosexophobia.) consanguinamophobia CIAOnegativity is based on the term CIAO-negativism, parallel to homo-negativism used by Hudson and Ricketts in a 1980 paper; they coined the term for their research in order to avoid 'homophobia'. Like homophobia, incestophobia, may be regarded as being unscientific in its presumption of motivation. Heterosexism refers to a system of negative attitudes, bias, and discrimination in favour of opposite-sex sexual orientation and relationships.[105] p. 13 It can include the presumption that everyone is heterosexual or that opposite-sex attractions and relationships are the only norm[106] and therefore superior. Sexual prejudice – Researcher at the University of California, Davis Gregory M. Herek preferred sexual prejudice as being descriptive, free of presumptions about motivations, and lacking value judgments as to the irrationality or immorality of those so labelled. [107][108] He compared homophobia, Heterosexism, and sexual prejudice, and, in preferring the third term, noted that homophobia was "probably more widely used and more often criticized." He also observed that "Its critics note that homophobia implicitly suggests that antigay attitudes are best understood as an irrational fear and that they represent a form of individual psychopathology rather than a socially reinforced prejudice. In the same vein, 'Incestophobia' may also implicitly suggest that anti-CIAO attitudes are best understood as an irrational fear and that they represent a form of individual psychopathology rather than a socially reinforced prejudice.

5.2 Opposition to the term "incestophobia" Studies of homophobic men found that “homophobic men seemed to have higher levels of measured arousal. This lead the researchers to hypothesize that the homophobic group under-reported their arousal, giving some credence to the idea that homophobes are in denial or repressive of homosexual urges.” Testing incestophobes in a similar fashion to homophobes will very likely reveal that they are very likely in denial or repressive of their Oedipal sexual urges. People and groups that are incestophobic are very likely to strongly object to the use of the term "incestophobia".[109][110][111] An example of this might be the case where a petition to de-criminalise adult consensual incest was sent to the Public Petitions Committee of the Scottish parliament, which could not accept that the committee members were incestophobic, but which proved they were by refusing to even discuss the well-argued petition and rejected the petition out of hand in under two minutes.

5.2.1 Non-neutral phrasing Use of incestophobia, incestophobic and incestophobe has been criticized as pejorative against ACI rights opponents. Some behavioural scientists might argue that 'incestophobia' is usually used when somebody is making a pejorative evaluation of certain open and debatable value positions, (anti CIAO) much like the former criminal charge or label of ' incest ' itself, arguing that the term may be used as an ad hominem argument against those who advocate values or positions of which the user does not approve. In 2012 the Associated Press (AP) Style Book was revised to advise against using non-clinical words with the suffix -phobia, in "political and social contexts." The word incestophobia could suggest severe mental disorders, and could be substituted with "anti-CIAO" or similar phrasing. Incestophobia does not necessarily have to be interpreted in a strict clinical sense, nor does the term 'homophobia.' Some could say that calling someone an 'incestophobe' when they only have an aversion to incestuous practices themselves, and perhaps say that CIAO people disgust them, may be inaccurate, because an incestophobe is someone with an abnormal fear of CIAO people. But to others, an incestophobe is someone who is simply afraid of CIAO, or not attracted to it. And that is probably most people in an age of horror movies about incest such as the movie 'Psycho' and many others that portray CIAO relationships negatively. While not everyone is morbidly or pathologically afraid of CIAO activities or people, some go about behaving badly towards these mostly harmless people. Many such people are labouring under the misconceived notion that CIAO people are paedophiles who abuse children, which is a falsehood often encouraged by the profit-driven media which thrives on creating and stirring up anger and fear in society in order to gain more attention and increase sales. As such, they are victims of deceptions intentionally perpetrated by the media (religious organisations often own and or control newspapers and radio stations). Calling these people 'incestophobic' even if it was not their fault that they have become this way, is done, not to chastise them, but to inform and educate them of the fact that they have been misinformed about CIAO people and they need to become better informed. The term therefore is not used abusively, but didactically. Someone who hears themselves being described as incestophobic or as ‘that incestophobe’, may then have a chance to study themselves and become more aware and find out if that is true, and possibly to change themselves. They might for instance find one of the many websites dedicated to informing people about CIAO such as the Jane Dow website, and others. (Notes: need list of CIAO websites) Others say that 'labelling' people with the term 'incestophobe' is a political tactic designed to ' demonize' people (argument ad hominem) instead of engaging in fair and open debate. As such, it is mere 'name calling' and a type of abuse which is the same as when people are 'objectified' and belittled, and de-humanised by having insulting labels thrown at them. So far it seems to be that CIAO people are the ones who are really suffering the most abuse of this kind.. with the term 'mother f__ker' for example being hurled around as a term of abuse in a great many modern American (and copycat Australian, British and other) movies. 'The word has become something of a catchphrase for actor Samuel L. Jackson, who frequently utters the word in his movies.[9] His use of the word helped him overcome a lifelong stuttering problem.[10] Historically in India, the word 'Madarchodh' is used for Motherfucker, the word Madar being of Persian origin, as Madare Jendeh.[11 Wikipedia has a page on the term mother f__ker' which says the term originated in the USA, however, at the bottom of the page it refers to an India term which came from Persia. The urban dictionary states Madarchod (HINDI)=Mother fucker(ENGLISH) Most commonly/regularly used swear words by Indians/South-east Asians. Categorized with similar incest swear words: bhenchod (sister fucker),betichod (daughter fucker) A recent Australian ABC comedy show called ‘This is Littleton’ featured one scene where a yoga teacher greeted her students, referring to them collectively as ‘mother f__kers.’ (Perhaps the ABC is attempting to turn a highly offensive swear word from violent American police television shows into a meaningless expression of semi comic ‘friendly gratuitous abuse’ that is the kind of rough and tough bravado comic greeting between working class men (blokes in pubs in Australia, mimicking American negro gangster talk) an excuse for a limited vocabulary and a lack of genuine comic writing ability and creativity.)

Some CIAO individuals may hold and express negative attitude towards 'normals' (including homosexuals and non-CIAO heterosexuals.) Their main fear of 'normals' is more likely to be caused by a fear of being persecuted arrested and jailed and possibly killed by them. CIAO people have a justifiable fear of extreme persecution in many countries where CIAO people are regularly prosecuted and jailed. In some countries they are executed. Fear of jail and death is not an extremely irrational fear for CIAO people to have, but incestophobes have no reason to fear CIAO people who are only interested in each other and not in someone from another family. There never is any risk of a disease being spread around the world by CIAO people. Over 95% of children born with birth defects are from "normals" so there is no reason for incestophobes to fear CIAO people because of the 'genetics' argument. In fact 'incestophobia' may be convenient tool used by the establishment to distract people from the large number of preventable contributors towards birth defects and congenital diseases i.e. man-made mutagenic substances from pollution, of all kinds of modern farm and industrial chemicals, plastics, nuclear radiation, having children later rather than early, alcohol, cigarettes and other pharmaceuticals consumption.

Perhaps using the term ‘incest negativity’ when referring to anti-CIAO people might be preferred by some to the term ‘ incestophobia’ because it does not imply extreme or irrational fear, but rather an aversion or dislike, however irrational or bigoted. Many people have a morbid fear of snakes even though they live in countries where there are no snakes because they were brainwashed by society and the media to hate and fear snakes. People can learn attitudes of hatred and fear by osmosis, without the intervention at any time of reason, just as many grow up in a secular family celebrating Christmas each year, going to parties and buying presents for each other but with no knowledge or interest in Christianity. Thus many people can tend to incestophobia and not know why. When confronted they might just say ‘This is how I feel. It must be my gut instinct kicking in.’ Such people underestimate the power of nurture over nature. Some people are so well indoctrinated by their small religious group that they have deep and morbid fear of doing anything that the group does not approve of. Thus those who were part of the Puritan movement in the early American colony at Massachusetts taught their children that celebrating Christmas and the giving and receiving of Christmas cards and gifts were satanic acts. These children surely would have been terrified to see someone dressed as Santa coming into their town. Making people have fears is surely one of the important roles that religions play in the art of social control. For once people’s fears are known they are easy to manipulate. And when people have insufficient fears, fears can to be manufactured. Inculcating incestophobia into individuals or an entire society could be one way of encouraging them to break up from their existing family or nation system and to amalgamate with larger outside groups, into an expanding family or foreign empire. Miscegenation (or the inbreeding of different races) is the opposite extreme to incest, and anti-miscegenation laws were once quite common. Anti-miscegenation laws, now a thing of the past, were based at least partly on xenophobia and racism, and people once thought that inter-racial marriage would lead to a diminution of traditional cultures and values as well as the breaking up and loss of what had been thought to be classical European features. Thus anti-miscegenation laws can be linked with racism and xenophobia and a fear of inter-marriage and a fear of dilution and contamination of the national gene pool, and loss of/mutation of national knowledge and culture. Though inter-marriage is no longer illegal in most places, racism and xenophobia are on the rise and may indicative a mass desire, or unconscious force for a cultural and genetic national re-consolidation after a long period of extremely disconcerting cultural social and economic and technological change that has left many reeling in uncertainty about their continued national, cultural and personal identity, long and short term job and even marriage and family prospects: i.e. their very survival; greater pressure for tighter control of immigration, (Brexit etc.) following on from the great depression of 2008, and massive influxes of refugees in Europe from mainly the Middle East and rising economic inequality in Europe and the UK may have more to do with a fear of national identity and sovereignty than real racism or xenophobia. Fear of excessive immigration destroying the social welfare system may be the basic contributing factor and rationalisation for ‘racist’ immigration policies. Anti-CIAO incest laws that criminalising CIAO People are not based on any legitimising facts, only bigotry, ignorance and incestophobia. Anti-CIAOism / incestophobia seems to be part of a force that tends towards more rapid expansion of the existing gene pool rather its consolidation ; thus it might go hand in hand with neo-Liberal economics and neo-imperialism and ideas of continual growth and consumption. It does not fit in with ideas of sustainable development or conservationism. More CIAO relationships would encourage reduced expansionism (fewer children born, and less need for new houses to be built) and greater consolidation of cultural values within families and retaining gene pools rather than mixing them, whereas incestophobia encourages more rapid disintegration of the existing cultural patterns, encourages more miscegenation and interbreeding that was an integral part of the accelerated colonisation of the planet and high immigration /emigration as populations movements after WWII leading to rapid economic growth with associated pollution and the spreading of high energy consumption technologies and high carbon fuel use and the acceleration of climate change factors such as high consumption, high population growth and accelerating globalization and the growth of the ‘precariat.’ In this modern rapidly globalising world, ‘context’ is a slippery word and what is ‘normative’ is decidedly relative to what part of the world where the observer is standing. Looking at the terms incest and incestophobia from a wider range of national points of view will give the inquirer a greater understanding of the true state of affairs regarding this complicated and controversial subject.

6 See also ‘A test for incestophobia’ 7 References 8 External links