User:Dewey7777/sandbox

Critique an article: Plantar reflex Under "Babinski-like responses," should probably add a few more sources
 * Overall, good article and informative
 * Good figures/pictures to go along with the information
 * I would swap the "Relationship to Hoffmann's reflex" and the "Babinski-like responses"
 * I think this would help the flow of the article
 * Only have one (on "Silvia sign")

Additions to an article: Materials in electro wetting

Other surface materials such as SiO2 undefinedhas been used as a coating material, as well as thin layer of gold on glass.[2][3] These materials allow the surfaces themselves to act as the ground electrodes for the electric current.[3]

** wanted to keep the references for my article in order, so changed the citation up here manually

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My article before peer review (additions and edited info to the sections listed below):

“Materials” section in “Electrowetting” Wikipedia:

For reasons that are still under investigation, only a limited set of surfaces exhibit the theoretically predicted electrowetting behavior. Amorphous fluoropolymers are by far the best electrowetting materials discovered so far, and it has been found that their behavior can be enhanced by the appropriate patterning. A conductive metal or metal compound, such as aluminum foil or indium tin oxide (ITO), is often coated with these fluoropolymers to create the electrodes. [1] Three types of such polymers are commercially available: FluoroPel hydrophobic and superhydrophobic V-series polymers are sold by Cytonix, CYTOP is sold by Asahi Glass Co., and Teflon AF is sold by DuPont. Other surface materials such as SiO2 undefinedhas been used as a coating material, as well as thin layer of gold on glass. [2] [3] These materials allow the surfaces themselves to act as the ground electrodes for the electric current. [3]

References:

1.     Physical Review E 93, 053102 (2016); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.93.053102

2.     Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 121603 (2017); doi: 10.1063/1.4978859

3.     International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 106 (2017) 920–931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.10.040

“SAW in microfluidics” section in “Surface acoustic wave” Wikipedia:

In recent years, attention has been drawn to using SAWs to drive microfluidic actuation and a variety of processes. Owing to the mismatch of sound velocities in the SAW substrate and fluid, SAWs can be efficiently transferred into the fluid, to create significant inertial force and fluid velocities. This mechanism can be exploited to drive fluid actions such as pumping, mixing, jetting, as well as others.[8] To drive these processes there is a change of mode of the wave at the liquid substrate interface. In the substrate the SAW wave is a transverse wave and inside the droplet the wave becomes a longitudinal wave.[9] It is this longitudinal wave that creates the flow of fluid within the microfluidic droplet. An advantage of this technique is that a micro-channel or micro-valve is not needed in order to manipulate these substrates, allowing the system to be an open one. [1] As stated above, this mechanism is also effective at mixing micro-droplets; however, it is not completely known how the waves affect the droplets/samples, the digital microfluidic chips, and related modules with how small and precise they are needed to be. [2]

PDMS (poldimethylsiloxane) is a very common material used to create the microchannels and chips in microfluidics. It has many uses, including in experiments where living cells are to be tested or processed. If living organisms need to be kept alive, it is important to monitor and control their environment, such as heat and pH levels; however, if these elements are not regulated, the cells may die or it may result in unwanted reactions. [2] PDMS has been found to absorb acoustic energy, causing the PDMS to heat up quickly (exceeding 2000 kelvin per second). [3] The use of SAW as a way to heat these PDMS devices, along with liquids inside microchannels, is now a technique that can be done in a controlled manner and with high precision (within 0.1 °C). [3] [4]

References:

1.     Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 29, No. 2, (2010) doi:10.1016/j.trac.2009.11.002

2.     Phys. Biol. 14 (2017) 015001doi:10.1088/1478-3975/aa546c

3.     Scientific Reports 5, Article number: 11851 (2015) doi:10.1038/srep11851

4.     Sensors and Actuators A 170 (2011), page 1– 7; doi:10.1016/j.sna.2011.05.012

After peer review:

“Materials” section in “Electrowetting” Wikipedia:

For reasons that are still under investigation, only a limited set of surfaces exhibit the theoretically predicted electrowetting behavior. Because of this, alternative materials that can be used to coat and functionalize the surface are used to create the expected wetting behavior. For example, amorphous fluoropolymers are widely used electrowetting coating materials, and it has been found that the behavior of these fluoropolymers can be enhanced by the appropriate surface patterning. These fluoropolymers coat the necessary conductive electrode, typically made of aluminum foil or indium tin oxide (ITO), to create the desired electrowetting properties. Three types of such polymers are commercially available: FluoroPel hydrophobic and superhydrophobic V-series polymers are sold by Cytonix, CYTOP is sold by Asahi Glass Co., and Teflon AF is sold by DuPont. Other surface materials such as SiO2 and gold on glass have been used. These materials allow the surfaces themselves to act as the ground electrodes for the electric current.

** 1-3 will be 24-26 when added to the electrowetting references list

**4-7 will be 10-13 when added to the SAW references list

“SAW in microfluidics” section in “Surface acoustic wave” Wikipedia:

In recent years, attention has been drawn to using SAWs to drive microfluidic actuation and a variety of other processes. Owing to the mismatch of sound velocities in the SAW substrate and fluid, SAWs can be efficiently transferred into the fluid, creating significant inertial forces and fluid velocities. This mechanism can be exploited to drive fluid actions such as pumping, mixing, and jetting.[8] To drive these processes, there is a change of mode of the wave at the liquid-substrate interface. In the substrate, the SAW wave is a transverse wave and upon entering the droplet the wave becomes a longitudinal wave.[9]  It is this longitudinal wave that creates the flow of fluid within the microfluidic droplet, allowing mixing to take place. This technique can be used as an alternative to microchannels and microvalves for manipulation of substrates, allowing for an open system. This mechanism is also  able to mix microdroplets; however, it is not completely known how the waves affect the droplets/samples, the digital microfluidic chips, and related modules, such as the channels, in terms of droplet size and precision.

PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) is a material that can be used to create microchannels and microfluidic chips. It has many uses, including in experiments where living cells are to be tested or processed. If living organisms need to be kept alive, it is important to monitor and control their environment, such as heat and pH levels; however, if these elements are not regulated, the cells may die or it may result in unwanted reactions. PDMS has been found to absorb acoustic energy, causing the PDMS to heat up quickly (exceeding 2000 Kelvin/second). The use of SAW as a way to heat these PDMS devices, along with liquids inside microchannels, is now a technique that can be done in a controlled manner with the ability to manipulate the temperature to within 0.1 °C. **check above references for number corrections when adding to the wiki articles