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Diagnosis [Currently Editing]
Samples taken for testing include:


 * Buboes: Swollen lymph nodes (buboes) characteristic of bubonic plague, a fluid sample can be taken from them with a needle.
 * Blood Cultures: A blood test that checks a sample of blood for bacteria or test that might be causing the infection
 * Lungs: Spirometry is often used to screen the lungs for diseases that effect the airways. Chest X-rays are also effective in diagnosing because it helps check for conditions such as pneumonia.

Bouyia, Polyxeni. “Termini Ante Quos: Bronze Statuary from Late Hellenistic Shipwrecks.” Technè. La science au service de l’histoire de l’art et de la préservation des biens culturels, December 19, 2019. https://journals.openedition.org/techne/1242.
 * Used to learn about Blood Culture Test!

Association, American Lung. “Lung Function Tests.” American Lung Association. Accessed October 5, 2023. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/lung-function-tests#:~:text=Spirometry%20is%20used%20to%20screen,commonly%20performed%20lung%20function%20test.

“Tests for Lung Disease.” National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Accessed October 5, 2023. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests#:~:text=Chest%20X%2Dray&text=This%20test%20can%20help%20diagnose,lung%20tissue%20scarring%2C%20called%20fibrosis.

Bibliography:
 * Used to learn about Lung testing!

McEvedy, Colin. “The Bubonic Plague.” Scientific American 258, no. 2 (1988): 118–23. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24988987.

-       Overview, background to the topic

SUSSMAN, GEORGE D. “Was the Black Death in India and China?” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 85, no. 3 (2011): 319–55. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44452010.

-       The geographical reach of the disease

Keeling, M. J., and C. A. Gilligan. “Bubonic Plague: A Metapopulation Model of a Zoonosis.” Proceedings: Biological Sciences 267, no. 1458 (2000): 2219–30. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2665900.

-       A denser overview, with a more modern data

Schmid, Boris V., Ulf Büntgen, W. Ryan Easterday, Christian Ginzler, Lars Walløe, Barbara Bramanti, and Nils Chr. Stenseth. “Climate-Driven Introduction of the Black Death and Successive Plague Reintroductions into Europe.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no. 10 (2015): 3020–25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26461759.

-       How the climate could have played a part in the spread of the disease

WOOD, JAMES W., REBECCA J. FERRELL, and SHARON N. DEWITTE-AVIÑA. “The Temporal Dynamics of the Fourteenth-Century Black Death: New Evidence from English Ecclesiastical Records.” Human Biology 75, no. 4 (2003): 427–48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41466859.


 * The spread of the disease could have changes during different time periods, another look at historical records to get more accurate data

Bouyia, Polyxeni. “Termini Ante Quos: Bronze Statuary from Late Hellenistic Shipwrecks.” Technè. La science au service de l’histoire de l’art et de la préservation des biens culturels, December 19, 2019. https://journals.openedition.org/techne/1242.


 * Used to learn about Blood Culture Test!

Association, American Lung. “Lung Function Tests.” American Lung Association. Accessed October 5, 2023. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/lung-function-tests#:~:text=Spirometry%20is%20used%20to%20screen,commonly%20performed%20lung%20function%20test.

“Tests for Lung Disease.” National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Accessed October 5, 2023. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests#:~:text=Chest%20X%2Dray&text=This%20test%20can%20help%20diagnose,lung%20tissue%20scarring%2C%20called%20fibrosis.


 * Used to learn about Lung testing!

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