User:Dineshkatre

= National Digital Preservation Programme = During year 2008, R & D in IT Group, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India envisaged to evolve Indian digital preservation initiative. In order to get the initial exposure of this field, during March 24-25, 2009, an Indo-US Workshop on International Trends in Digital Preservation was organized by C-DAC, Pune with sponsorship from Indo-US Science & Technology Forum, which lead to more constructive developments towards formulation of the national program.

National Study Report on Digital Preservation Requirements of India
During 2010, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India entrusted the responsibility of preparing National Study Report on Digital Preservation Requirements of India with Human-Centred Design & computing Group, C-DAC, Pune, which already involved in research and development in the thematic area of heritage computing. The objective of this project was to present a comprehensive study of current situation in India versus the international trends of digital preservation along with the recommendations for undertaking the National Digital Preservation Programme by involving all stakeholder organizations.

Technical experts from around 30 organizations representing diverse domains such as e-governance, government and state archives, audio, video and film archives, cultural heritage repositories, health, science and education, insurance and banking, law, etc were included in the national expert group. Major institutions represented in the expert group were Centre for Development of Advance Computing (C-DAC), National Informatics Centre (NIC), Unique Identity Programme, National Archive of India, National Film Archive of India, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Information and Broadcasting (Doordarshan and All India Radio), National Remote Sensing Center  (NRSC) / ISRO, Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA), National e-Governance Division (NeGD), Life Insurance Corporation, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Indian Institute of Public Administration, Defense Scientific Information & Documentation Centre (DSIDC), etc. the expert group members were asked to submit position papers highlighting the short term and long term plans for digital preservation with respect to their domain. The study report was presented before Government of India in two volumes as under - The report included an overview of international digital presentation projects, study of legal imperatives, study of technical challenges and standards, consolidated recommendations given by the national expert group for the National Digital Preservation Programme.
 * Volume –I 	Recommendations for National Digital Preservation Programme of India
 * Volume-II 	Position Papers by the National Expert Group Members

Centre of Excellence for Digital Preservation
As recommended in the national study report, during year 2011, Centre of Excellence for Digital Preservation was launched as the flagship project under the National Digital Preservation Programme, funded by Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India. The project was awarded to Human-Centred Design & Computing Group, C-DAC Pune, India. The objectives of Centre of Excellence were as under: The major outcomes of this project are briefly summarized as under.
 * Conduct	research and development in digital preservation to produce the	required tools, technologies, guidelines and best practices.
 * Develop	the pilot digital preservation repositories and provide help in	nurturing the network of Trustworthy Digital Repositories (national	digital preservation infrastructure) as a long-term goal
 * Define	the digital preservation standards by involving the experts from	stakeholder organizations, consolidate and disseminate the digital	preservation best practices generated through various projects under	National Digital Preservation Programme, being the nodal point for	pan-India digital preservation initiatives.
 * Provide	inputs to Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology in	the formation of national digital preservation policy and strategy	by identifying and selecting the activities for the National Digital	Preservation Programme.
 * Spread	awareness about the potential threats and risks due to digital	obsolescence and the digital preservation best practices.

Digital Preservation Standard and Guidelines
Digital preservation standard and guidelines are developed in order to help local data intensive projects in preparing for highly demanding standards such as ISO 16363 for Audit and Certification of Trusted Digital Repositories. The standard is duly notified by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India Vide Notification No. 1(2)/2010-EG-II dated December 13, 2013 for all e-governance applications in India. The eGOV-PID provides standard metadata dictionary and schema for automatically capturing the preservation metadata in terms of cataloguing information, enclosure information, provenance information, fixity information, representation information, digital signature information and access rights information immediately after an electronic record is produced by e-governance system. It helps in producing an acceptable Submission Information Package (SIP) for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) ISO 14721:2012. Best practices and guidelines introduce 5 distinct steps of e-record management namely e-record creation, e-record capturing, e-record keeping, e-record transfer to trusted digital repository and e-record preservation which need to be adopted in all e-governance projects. It also specifies the open source and standard based file formats for the production of e-records. The guidelines incorporate the Electronic Records Management practice as per the ISO/TR 15489-1 and 2 Information and Documentation - Records Management.
 * e-Governance	standard for Preservation Information Documentation (eGOV-PID) of	Electronic Records
 * Best	practices and guidelines for Production of Preservable e-Records

Digital Preservation Tools and Solutions
However, it is difficult to implement the digital preservation standard due to unavailability required tools and solutions. Therefore, the standard and guidelines are supported with a variety of digital preservation tools and solutions which can be given to the memory institutions and records creating organizations for long term preservation. The project team at C-DAC Pune has developed a software framework for digital archiving named as DIGITĀLAYA (डिजिटालय in Hindi language) which is customizable for various domains, data types and application contexts such as DIGITĀLAYA (डिजिटालय) is designed and developed as per the CCSDS Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model, ISO 14721: 2012.
 * E-records	management & archival (a variety of born digital records	produced by organizations on day-to-day basis)
 * Large	volume of e-governance records
 * Audiovisual	archives
 * Digital	libraries / document archives

A number of digital preservation tools are developed to help in processing the digital data All the archival systems and digital preservation tools are developed in such a way that they enable in producing evidences / reports as required for the audit and certification of trustworthy digital repositories.
 * e-acquisition	tool
 * Pre-archival	data processing tool
 * e-records	extraction tool
 * Metadata	importing and aggregation tool
 * Any	to any metadata conversion tool
 * Data	encryption and transfer tool
 * PDF/A	converter tool

Capacity Building for Audit and Certification
The High Level 3-day Training Course on ISO 16363 for Auditors and Managers of Digital Repositories was conducted during 11-13 January 2017 at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India. This training was organized as per the deliverables of Centre of Excellence for Digital Preservation by C-DAC Pune in collaboration with Primary Trustworthy Digital Repository Authorization Body (PTAB), UK.

This initiative was helpful in in formally introducing the ISO 16363 and ISO 16919 through the National Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies (NABCB) for the audit and certification of Indian digital repositories. The first batch of potential technical auditors was trained which included 27 Participants from various stakeholder organizations.

Pilot Digital Repositories
In order to test and demonstrate the effectiveness of digital preservation tools, various pilot digital repositories were developed in collaboration with domain institutions such as Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts; New Delhi; National Archive of India, New Delhi; Stamps and registration Department, Hyderabad; and e-District. Among these, National Cultural Audiovisual Archive (NCAA) established by IGNCA, New Delhi is the most notable digital repository, which is established using DIGITĀLAYA (डिजिटालय).

NCAA has been certified as Trustworthy Digital Repository on 27 November 2017, as per ISO 16363 by Primary Trustworthy Digital Repository Authorization Body (PTAB), UK which has been accredited by National Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies (NABCB), New Delhi, India. This is world's first Certified Trusted Digital Repository (Certificate No. PTAB-TDRMS 0001) as per ISO 16363.

Based on the experience gained from this project, Government of India is considering to create a national policy on digital preservation which will be instrumental in establishing national digital preservation infrastructure. The digital preservation initiative stands at the crux where it is crucial to fill up the gap between the Digital India and the challenges posed by rampant technological obsolescence, to make it a truly sustainable vision.