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Methanosarcina barkeri | Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus

Morphology and Gram staining in literature dealing with Methanosarcin*:


 * Balch et al. (1979, PMID 390357) -- Gram positive and large aggregations, no discription of variable morphology for Methanosarcina(ceae).
 * Sowers et al. (1993, PMID 16349092) -- Variable morphology of Methanosarcina and osmolarity (salt concentration of medium), no Gram staining (search with "gram": grams per liter, micrograms, Education Program).
 * Maeder et al. (2006, PMID 16980466) -- Variable morphology of Methanosarcina barkeri and osmolarity (salt concentration of medium), no Gram staining.
 * Boone & Mah (2015, doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00519) -- Only abstract freely visible, general features of genus Methanosarcina, variable morphologies, variable Gram staining results.

The morphology of Methanosarcina cells depends on growing conditions, e.g. on salt concentrations (Sowers et al., 1993, PMID 16349092). M. barkeri shows this variable morphology: when grown in freshwater medium, these microbes grow into large, multicellular aggregates embedded in a matrix of so-called methanochondroitin, while growing in marine environment as single, irregular cocci (Sowers et al., 1993, PMID 16349092), only surrounded by the S-layer, but no methanochondroitin (Maeder et al., 2006, PMID 16980466).!! The aggregates can grow large enough to be seen by the naked eye (Balch et al., 1979, PMID 390357). Methanosarcina could produce positive Gram stain (description in 1979, Balch et al., 1979, PMID 390357) but generally, Methanosarcina is Gram variable (description in 2015, Boone & Mah, 2015, doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00519).

after changing of number of plamid genes (26 --> about twenty, additional note)


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after (morphology+Gram):


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before (morphology+Gram):


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before changing binomial_authority:


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Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus
Taxobox :


 * Species: G. litoreus Holmes et al. 2005 [1]
 * There is no prokaryotic species “G. litoreus”. G. electrodiphilus belongs here.
 * A reference (e.g. [1]) is unusual at this point. “[1]” refers to a data base, LPSN, “Parte, A.C. "Geopsychrobacter". www.bacterio.net.”
 * Binomial name: Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus
 * “Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus Holmes et al. 2005” was more complete.

Introduction :


 * ... by hydrolysis of carbon molecules found in organic compounds to oxygen and transferring the electrons to the anode.
 * ... by hydrolysis ...: Hydrolysis occures, but redox reactions are the key to harvest energy.
 * ... molecules found in ... compounds ...: Could be easier.
 * ... carbon molecules ... to oxygen ...: Geopsychrobacter is anaerobe, never using or producing oxygen directly. The carbon of organic matter will be oxidized to carbon dioxide.


 * This bacterium also breaks down plant matter releasing hydrogen into the atmosphere and possibly methane gas.
 * ... breaks down plant matter ...: Holmes et al. (2004, PMID 15466546) tested only low complex organic matter (e.g. acetate). The authors believed in microbial converting the complex sediment organic matter to fermentation products, most notably acetate, but did not address the fermentation to Geopsychrobacter. Holmes et al. (2004, PMID 15466546) used the phrase “organic matter”, and did not use the words (or word parts) “break”, “down”, or “plant”.
 * ... releasing hydrogen into the atmosphere ..: Holmes et al. (2004, PMID 15466546) did not describe hydrogen production by Geopsychrobacter. There is hydrogen consumption by at least one strain (by type strain A1T).
 * This bacterium ... and possibly methane gas. : There is no methane producing prokaryote in the domain bacteria. Holmes et al. (2004, PMID 15466546) did never use the word “methane” in their article.
 * Its type species is A1T (ATCC BAA-880T; DSM 16401T; JCM 12469).[2]
 * A1T is the type strain of the species.
 * Reference [2] refers to Holmes et al. (2004, PMID 15466546). The reference is true, but occures only once at the end of introduction. Therefore, the introduction should be focussed on Holmes et al. (2004, PMID 15466546). Otherwise, additional information has to be far from that citation.

Interaction with Anodes :


 * There is a general description of basic properties. The heading “Interaction with Anodes” could may be renamed.
 * Missing citation.
 * ...electrons help counter Oligodynamic effect. ... The “Oligodynamic effect” should be explaned.

Plan :

Taxobox

Introduction

is now: “... to the anodes of sediment fuel cells and harvesting electricity by hydrolysis of carbon molecules found in organic compounds to oxygen and transferring the electrons to the anode.”

will be: “... to the anodes of sediment fuel cells and harvesting electricity by oxidation of organic compounds to carbon dioxide and transferring the electrons to the anode.” This bacterium also breaks down plant matter releasing hydrogen into the atmosphere and possibly methane gas.

This bacterium is thougt ...

Testing template "ill"
Olena Chaplynska Olena Chaplynska
 * Olena Chaplynska
 * Olena Chaplynska