User:Dirops850E/sandbox

The City Club of Cleveland was incorporated in 1912 as a non-partisan forum for debate conceived in the ideals of the Progressive Era. The club's home is the City Club Building, formerly the Citizens Building, in Downtown Cleveland. Known as "America's Citadel of Free Speech," it is the longest continuous independent free speech forum in the country. Often considered one of the top three speaking forums in America, the City Club is committed to informing, connecting and motivating citizens in the Cleveland and beyond.

The heart of the City Club’s dedication to free speech lies the question-and-answer period that takes place during the second half of each of its forums. During these sessions of unscripted questioning from the audience, the City Club becomes a venue for speakers and ideas to be challenged and tested.

Membership is open to anyone and all programs are open to the general public, although members are charged lower prices to attend most forums and given preference in making reservations to certain programs.

Speakers
The City Club has hosted sitting U.S. Presidents and Vice-Presidents and other notable citizens of the United States and the world. Archbishop Desmond Tutu called the club "a beacon, a symbol and a sentinel for freedom, for justice, for tolerance" when he spoke there.

The first President to have appeared at the City Club was Theodore Roosevelt; every President since Jimmy Carter has appeared at its podium. President George W. Bush spoke to the club on the third anniversary of the United States' invasion of Iraq. Because the City Club of Cleveland does not allow questions from the audience to be pre-screened, President Ronald Reagan declined to appear before the Club, but when questions were raised by the media about his mental acuity, Reagan sought out an appearance before the Club to refute those charges.

The day after Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in 1968, Senator Robert F. Kennedy gave his "On the Mindless Menace of Violence" speech at the club.

In 1976, as part of the United States Bicentennial, the club held a forum in Britain, the club's first outside the United States.

Debates before the Club have swayed Ohio elections. Before John Glenn defeated Howard Metzenbaum in the 1974 Democratic Senate primary, Glenn responded to a charge in an earlier debate that he never had to make a payroll:

""I served 23 years in the United States Marine Corps. I served through two wars. I flew 149 missions. My plane was hit by antiaircraft fire on 12 different occasions. I was in the space program. It wasn't my checkbook; it was my life on the line. It was not a nine-to-five job where I took time off to take the daily cash receipts to the bank. I ask you to go with me....as I went the other day to a Veterans hospital and look at those men with their mangled bodies in the eye and tell them they didn't hold a job. You go with me to the space program and go as I have gone to the widows and orphans of Ed White, Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffee and you look those kids in the eye and tell them that their dad didn't hold a job. You go with me on Memorial Day, coming up, and you stand in Arlington National Cemetery, where I have more friends than I'd like to remember and you watch those waving flags. You stand there, and you think about this nation, and you tell me that those people didn't have a job, I'll tell you, Howard Metzenbaum, you should be on your knees every day of your life thanking God that there were some men - SOME MEN - who held a job. And they required a dedication to purpose, a love of country and a dedication to duty that was more important than life itself. And their self-sacrifice is what made this country possible..... I HAVE HELD A JOB, HOWARD! What about you?""

During the 2010 Congressional elections, in which the Republicans regained control of the House of Representatives, John Boehner on August 24, 2010, announced a five-point plan at the club that he said would provide an effective economic alternative to the Democrats’ course.

Sometimes politicians decline to appear at forums because it would provide exposure to their opponents in a political race. Congressman Dennis Kucinich, who complained vociferously about being excluded from debates among the Democratic candidates for President, has several times refused to debate his opponent for Congress in The City Club of Cleveland debates.

The club has been criticized for bestowing its "Citadel of Free Speech" award upon Justice Antonin Scalia, who then refused to allow his speech to be broadcast. The Board of Trustees of the City Club defended its actions by noting that the press was welcome to attend the special presentation and report upon the event. Other recipients of the Citadel of Free Speech award include John Glenn, Martin Luther King's aide and U.N. Ambassador Andrew Young, and CNN founder Ted Turner.

Friday Forum
The City Club's Friday Forum is broadcast live on the radio in more than 40 states from Maine to Alaska. The broadcast is initiated live on WCPN in Cleveland, Ohio, at 12:30 p.m., with encore broadcasts Sunday morning at 7:00 a.m. and Friday evening at 10:00 p.m. on sister station WCLV. Most stations, including the Clear Channel station group in Cleveland, airs the Friday Forum as part of their Sunday morning public service requirements.

Television broadcasts of the City Club's Friday Forum also occur on WVIZ/PBS every Sunday morning at 10:00 a.m. and on The Ohio Channel Tuesdays at 12:00 p.m and 8:00 p.m., Wednesdays at 4:00 p.m., and Thursdays at 8:00 a.m.

Notable Guests

 * Madeleine Albright
 * Jean-Bertrand Aristide
 * John Boehner
 * W. E. B. Du Bois
 * Sherrod Brown
 * William Jennings Bryan
 * George W. Bush
 * Jimmy Carter
 * Cesar Chavez
 * Dick Cheney
 * Bill Clinton
 * Ta-Nehisi Coates
 * Mario Cuomo
 * Eugene Debs
 * Marian Wright Edelman
 * Ezekiel Emanuel
 * Geraldine Ferraro
 * Rajmohan Gandhi
 * Henry Louis Gates
 * Newt Gingrich
 * Barry Goldwater
 * Reverend Jesse Jackson
 * Vernon Jordan
 * Robert Kennedy
 * Ted Kennedy
 * John Kerry
 * Martin Luther King III
 * Dennis Kucinich
 * Peter B. Lewis
 * Douglas MacArthur
 * Akil Marshall
 * Margaret Mead
 * Michael Milken
 * Reverend Otis Moss, Jr.
 * Ralph Nader
 * Eliot Ness
 * Barack Obama
 * Sandra Day O'Connor
 * Rosa Parks
 * Ross Perot
 * T. Boone Pickens
 * Ronald Reagan
 * Robert Reich
 * Janet Reno
 * Pat Robertson

and many more.
 * Franklin D. Roosevelt
 * Theodore Roosevelt
 * Babe Ruth
 * George Stephanopolous
 * Carl Stokes
 * Louis Stokes
 * Clarence Thomas
 * Jim Thome
 * Lester Thurow
 * Archbishop Desmond Tutu
 * James Woolsey
 * Janet Yellen

Creed of the City Club
In 1916, Ralph Hayes, then the Secretary of the City Club, penned its creed.

I hail and harbor and hear persons of every belief and party; for within my portals prejudice grows less and bias dwindles.

''I have a forum – as wholly uncensored as it is rigidly impartial. “Freedom of Speech” is graven above my rostrum; and beside it, “Fairness of Speech.”''

I am the product of the people, a cross section of their community—weak as they are weak, and strong in their strength; believing that knowledge of our failings and our powers begets a greater strength.

I have a house of fellowship; under my roof informality reigns and strangers need  no introduction.

I welcome to my platform the discussion of any theory or dogma or reform; but I bind my household to the espousal of none of them, for I cherish the freedom of every person’s conviction and each of my kin retains his own responsibility.

''I have no axe to grind, no logs to roll. My abode shall be the rendezvous of strong but open-minded men and my watchword shall be “information” not “reformation.”''

I am accessible to people of all sides—literally and figuratively—for I am located in the heart of the city—spiritually and geographically.

I am the city’s club—The City Club.