User:Djac88/sandbox

student sandbox}} INITIAL CONTRIBUTIONS: 1. History

2. Perceived Advantages

Government run like a business:

Woodrow Wilson's statement " Government should be run like a business" enabled many loop holes for a capitalistic society to exploit a institutional structure that could not support free market preferences. The theory that government could be run like a business represents the concept that " everyone has a boss" who must answer to someone higher than them on the totem pole and creates a paradigm shift in the dynamic relationship of occupational loyalty, that is suppose to be towards working for the people whom you represent. .The consequences of this can be seen when administrators and politicians are more concerned about who is funding and appointing, over implementing policy that can be helping their local citizens. This can be a looming problem for not only the Politics- Administration dichotomy, but for the sustainability of government .The idea that the public sector should run like a business is not a new concept in the United States. "Laissez-faire" and classical liberalism have been at the foundation of a democratic society that emphasizes a context of citizens working together for the good of the community. The free market business approach consists of elements that fundamentally emphasize to promote cost-cutting and production management, which are not always for the good of the community. These elements consist of privatization, downsizing, rightsizing, reinvention, quality management, enterprise operations and customer service. .Within this approach lies the idea that the goal is no longer to protect society from the market's demands, but to protect the market from society's demands. This is both an American and international phenomenon seen as reflection of the new equilibrium between two classes of society. An economic concept of dismantling the reality of" big government as being an ally of the little guy, and downsizing it has generally been a recipe for upgrading the power of private sector monopolies". "Schoolroom bullies are forever questioning the legitimacy of hallway monitors " .Running government like a business means that public managers regard the public as customers that must be served rather than citizens who govern themselves through a collective process of selection through elections. With an element emphasizing customer service, the business approach may steer away from direct insight disconnecting from the public by conducting surveys and focus groups to identify existing opinions rather than engaging citizens in face-to-face exchanges for information, ideas, and values that result in informed government. As administrators withdraw from direct and frequent involvement in the community and administration, the balance of control shifts towards business minded professionals .The question then becomes who is accountable, when we shift to excluding citizens away from collective governance, while elected officials begin to withdraw from the daily world of policy decisions and implementation. Djac88 (talk) 18:37, 20 April 2015 (UTC)

3. Criticism

Moderate debate on politics in administration dichotomy:

Svara (2001) stated, “At the heart of the practice of public administration is the relationship between administrators, on one hand, and political leaders and the public on the other hand.” The modern debate on the dichotomy of public administration is the connection between the political leaders and the administrators. In the past history review, Woodrow Wilson played a key role in this idea. In modern day, especially with the rapidly progressing advancement of technology, we are finding that the connection is growing closer. Presently there has been a switch from political leaders and the public being on the opposite hand to the administrators to the administrators working hand in hand with the public. Administrators have become increasingly more necessary when interacting and creating a political adaptable interaction with the public. The modern debate on the dichotomy is whether it favors the public sector having the administrators working more closely to their side or does it actually benefit the greater with the administrators working more with the political leaders. Many would argue that administrators, regardless of their specialty in working with the public, need to be more closely connected to the political leaders. This highlight of the modern affect of the Politics-Administration Dichotomy is primarily bringing to the surface the third party involved in Public Administration, the public. Regardless, either hand to which the public administrator is on, they will intuitively aid both the political leader and the public sector because ultimately they are the connection between the two.

The notion of separation of powers is not only present when considering the three branches of government but also regard the separation between administrators, the public, and elected officials. As identified by O’Toole (1987), around the 19th century we saw the first step to a change in the outline of public administration, and soon after we gathered that an alteration was occurring in the foundation of what we believe public administration to be. Yet, there is still a notion of a separation of powers being included in the realm of Public Administration. As stated in the primary paragraph, the main focus is on this change of administrators no longer being separated but rather being closer to both sides of the spectrum and dealing with both the public and elected officials.

4. Politics in administration:

Politics and Administration are not mutually exclusive to one another. Woodrow Wilson's model for the Politics- Administration Dichotomy calls for neutrality and non-partisanship when implementing policy, Wilson’s theory also calls for integrity, with lack of such virtue effectiveness of government suffers as a result. Republicans and Democrats are often competing to see who can influence and sway administrative implementation to their agendas. As a result the states have diminished governance capacity because the state lacks a system of integrative political institutions. Jcuellar94 (talk) 19:50, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

5. Key people-

References References

Cox, I., R. (1988). Politics, legislatures, and public administration. American Review of Public Administration, 18(1), 63-77. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=poh&AN=27506570&site=eds-live&scope=site

Demir, T., & Reddick, C. G. (2012). Understanding shared roles in policy and administration: An empirical study of council-manager relations. Public Administration Review, 72(4), 526-535. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02551.x

Dunn, D. D., & Legg Jr., J. S. (2002). Politics and administration in U.S. local governments. Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory, 12(3), 401. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=7152713&site=eds-live&scope=site

Dunn, D. D., & Legge Jr., J. S. (2002). Politics and administration in U.S. local governments. Delete - Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory (Oxford University Press / UK), 12(3), 401. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edo&AN=27671324&site=eds-live&scope=site

Klay, W. E. (1983). Fiscal constraints, trust, and the need for a new Politics/Administration dichotomy. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 4(1), 44. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=53120877&site=eds-live&scope=site

O'Toole Jr., L. J. 1. (1987). Doctrines and developments: Separation of powers, the politics- administration dichotomy, and the rise of the administrative state Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lgs&AN=4601130&site=eds-live&scope=site

Overeem, P. (2005). The value of the dichotomy: Politics, administration, and the political neutrality of administrators. Administrative Theory & Praxis (Administrative Theory & Praxis), 27(2), 311-329. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=17352720&site=eds-live&scope=site

Pragmatism and performance measurement: An exploration of practices in texas state government eCommons@Texas State University, 2001-12-01. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsoai&AN=edsoai.751989798&site=eds-live&scope=site; http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/71

Tahmasebi, R., & Musavi, S. M. M. (2011). Politics-administration dichotomy: A century debate. Administration & Public Management Review, 17, 130. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=75219593&site=eds-live&scope=site

Wockelberg, H. (2011). The politics-administration dichotomy and the failure of symmetrical responsibility doctrines.

Yang, K., & Holzer, M. (2005). Re-approaching the politics/ administration dichotomy and its impact on administrative ethics. Public Integrity, 7(2), 111-127. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=poh&AN=16681503&site=eds-live&scope=site

For the group proposal: The beginning of the Wikipedia page must include a definition and description of one politics to public administration and three politics of public administration. The Wikipedia page needs additions, such as a "Disadvantages" tab.

In the critique phase we need to add true to life criticism of public administration and the politics of public administration. Asking the question who gets the public admin jobs is it the politically connected or is it the formally educated. Other factors include that sometimes experience in public administration