User:Djflem/Housing Projects of Newark



https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/97578934/?terms=Newark%20high-rise%20New%20Jersey&match=1 https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/24/nyregion/new-jersey-daily-briefing-leaving-old-high-rises-behind.html?searchResultPosition=7

https://books.google.nl/books?id=UNpurHnb6eMC&pg=PP41&lpg=PP41&dq=newark+highrise&source=bl&ots=gGV0VyHVt6&sig=ACfU3U1qD_CG6BKdoshYx2NiGns-5n_5uA&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkipyL06zoAhUOCuwKHUQKDog4ChDoATADegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=newark%20highrise&f=false https://knowingnewark.npl.org/three-powerful-agencies-brought-housing-to-the-citys-needy/ https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/life-love-and-honor-newarks-housing-projects-akintola-hanif/

The housing projects of Newark, New Jersey which inspired the city's nickname, Brick City, were once a prominent part of the cityscape. Both low-rise and high rise public housing, were built predominately in the 1940s, 50s, and 60s as city leaders took full advantage of the federal government covering 100% of the building costs for the projects. In many cases swaths of land were cleared for urban renewal to make way for the projects. Many of the larger projects built primarily in the 2nd half of the 20th century have since been razed some by explosive demolition..

by 1992 22 were empty

While there are still many public housing projects throughout the city, design has shifted to smaller townhouse style homes. Funding for replacing the projects has ben made possible with HOPE VI grants.http://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/13/nyregion/public-housing-s-new-face-will-it-lift-the-urban-poor.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm

The replacement of housing projects with small scale buildings, and in some cases home ownership, has transformed some residential neighborhoods.

Prudential Apartments and Newark Housing Authority
In 1928, Mayor of Newark Jerome T. Congleton called on Prudential to contribute to improve housing for of Newark's large working population. A law passed in the state legislature enabled Prudential to invest in real estate and built four "model tenements", the Harrison and Douglas Apartments (reserved for blacks) in the Third Ward; a complex in Weequahic on Frelinghuysen Avenue; and the Prudential Apartments in the Ironbound.

The Newark Housing Authority was created in 1937 soon after the passage of the Housing Act of 1937 and originally built segregated housing. The agency owns and/or operates thousands of apartments in the city, which it classifies as family residences or senior/disabled residences.

Newark was among the earliest cities in the United States to implement and policy of urban renewal, which it began in 1949.

Demolition and replacement
The Hope VI program, created in 1992, was initiated in response to the physical deterioration of public housing units. The program rebuilds housing projects with an emphasis on mixed-income developments rather than projects which concentrate poorer households in one area.

In 1999, Andrew Cuomo, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development said that the projects were "temporary triumphs", but tended to "isolate the poor from the rest of society". The philosophy and subsequent policy changes in public housing were later characterized as having the "the wrong intent from the beginning and should be replaced with smaller, low-rise, low-density places where people want to live.. President Clinton said, When public housing makes the statement of exclusion and isolation, tear it down and don't repaint it, put in new windows or new fences,'

The policy was aggresssviely implemented during the adminstration of Mayor of Sharpe James..

It continued during the Cory Booker's mayoralty, but with some resistence since he was a resident of the one of the few remaining mid-rise projects.

The changes at Seth Boyden Terrace are the latest wave in the ongoing transformation of Newark's public housing, a saga that stretches back more than two decades, has resulted in the demolition of more than 4,000 apartments and triggered numerous legal challenges on behalf of aggrieved tenants.

The city's notorious high-rise projects came down first in a series of demolitions that began in the 1990s and continued far into the 2000s. Now housing officials have turned their attention to problem-plagued low-rise developments. Two complexes - Baxter Terrace along Orange Street and Felix Fuld on Muhammad Ali Avenue - already have been emptied of tenants. Hyatt Court on Roanoke Avenue is much like Seth Boyden, a haunting combination of sealed buildings and inhabited apartments.

Townhomes/multifamily http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/18/realestate/perspectives-new-houses-in-newark-seeking-out-the-middle-income-buyers.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm

Archbishop Walsh Homes (demolished)
McCarter Highway, North Broadway, North Ward (40.77663°N, -74.15004°W)

Named for Thomas Joseph Walsh, the first Roman Catholic Archbishop of Newark holding the position from 1937 until his death in 1952, when the project was built. It consisted of nine 8-story buildings. They were demolished beginning in 1997 and have subsequently been replaced by "town homes" and a recreation center.

Baxter Terrace (demolished)
Orange Street & Summit Street, University Heights (40.742°N, -74.179°W)

Named for James Baxter. principal of Newark’s “First Colored School” for 45 years until his death in 1909.

Ground was broken for the project in 1940. on a 14-acre complex with more than 20, three-story, brick walkups. It opened as a segregated apartment complex — the white section ran along Sussex Avenue and Nesbitt Street, the black section was along Orange Street – but integrated during the repeal of Jim Crow laws in 1954 when New Jersey ended residential discrimination in public housing. It contained about 500 apartments.

Demolition started in 2008. The original dedication plaque, cornerstone and complete doorway are being donated to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. by the Newark Housing Authority. Whereas In the original building, there were sidelights behind glass, lighting the frame, and wood doors with windows, the Smithsonian will get are the heavy metal doors with the weld marks, and new brick that replaced the broken lights. Baxter Terrace Elderl;y on summit Street remains.

http://www.newarkha.org/Ops_SiteTemplate.php

Ground was broken July 14, 2011. for a new mixed-used development, Baxter Park, will include 400 apartment units along with shopping and recreation space, The first building opened in 2013.

Bradley Court
North Munn Avenue (40.75066°N, -74.20848°W)

Named for Joseph P. Bradley, a lawyer with a practice in Newark. As a American jurist he best known for his service on the United States Supreme Court, and on the Electoral Commission. Opened in 1940, the low rise project has 301 apartments.

Brick Towers (demolished)
Martin Luther King Jr.Boulevard, Lincoln Park, Springfield/Belmont Central Ward(40.7286°N, -74.18256°W)

Brick Towers was was a 324-unit twin 16-story high-rise complex completed in 1969 and demolished in 2007. It was originally built as "middle-class" housing, and was later purchased by the Newark Housing Authority.

Brick Towers was the residence of the Cory Booker, a member of the Municipal Council of Newark, who became Mayor of Newark, who loved there from 1998-2006, after which time he was evicted. He and other tenants resisted leaving the Although the buildings were reported structurally sound, there were persistent problems with poor management and associated criminal activity, and the building was slated foe demolition. As one of the last remaining tenants Booker left his top floor apartment in a three-story rental on Hawthorne Avenue in Newark's South Ward, an area described as "a drug- and gang-plagued neighborhood of boarded-up houses and empty lots".

Columbus Homes (demolished)
Seventh Avenue-Lower Broadway 40.75194°N, -74.17306°W

Named for Christopher Columbus As part of urban renewal In the neighborhood formerly known as the Old First Ward or Little Italy. Fifteen smaller block were cleared and turned into 3 super blocks. 8th Avenue, the neighborhoods primary commercial avenue was completely obliterated. Built in 1954, the Columbus Homes project comprised eight 12-story residences and out buildings. In 1960, the Pavilion and Colonnade Apartments were built on either side of the projects. Privately owned, the buildings were intended to bring middle-income families into the area into the district. The projects was among the first in the city to be demolished, which took place in 1994 and replaced with low-rise town homes.

Douglass-Harrison Homes (demolished)
Springfield/Belmont, Central Ward

Named for Frederick Douglass, abolitionist and writer, and Richard Berry Harrison, actor, opened in 1935. Covering 8-acres in the city's "Old Third Ward", built in the 1930s as segregated minority housing, the complex consisted of ten 12 and 13 story buildings. They were demolished in 2010.

Felix Fuld Court
40.7289°N, -74.2022°W Livingston and Waverly, Springfield/Belmont, Central Ward Opened in 1946, and named for Felix Fuld, philanthropist, was the husband of Caroline Bamberger Fuld, and vice president of Bambergers. which had its flagship store in Newark. http://www.jta.org/1934/05/21/archive/name-newark-street-after-late-felix-fuld A street, Waverly was later named in his honor

As of 2011, the buildings were vacated. and slated for partial demolition.

Hayes Homes (demolished)
Springfield Avenue, Springfield/Belmont, Central Ward (40.74202°N, -74.17793°W)

Named for the Reverend William Preston Hayes, a preacher and religious intellectual who had worked at Mount Olive Baptist Church in Harlem, and then for 29 years at Bethany Baptist Church in Newark. Built in 1954, the complex was sited on a 5.5 acres. plot and comprised six 12-story and 4 13-story buildings, a 140-foot-tall smoke stack, a senior center and a community center. In 1998 the Newark Housing Authority began evacuating residents. The complex was razed in phases explosive demolition in 1999 and 2000.

1967 Newark riots

Hill Manor (demolished)
West Kinney Street and Martin Luther King Drive, Springfield/Belmont, Central Ward (40.7325°N, -74.18167°W)

Hill Manor was a 21-story tower completed in 1970 and demolished in December 2000.

James C. White Manor
516 Bergen Street at Avon Avenue

is a nne story building for senior housing. http://www.emporis.com/building/jamescwhitemanor-newark-nj-usa

John W. Hyatt Court
Roanoke Avenue, Ironbound, East Ward (40.70867°N, -74.1381°W)

Named for John Wesley Hyatt, His invention of celluloid and roller bearers led to the development of two major companies, Hyatt Roller Bearing Company and the Celluloid Corporation. The company provided the first automobiles with roller bearings built into them. and went on to manufacture them for nearly all motorcars and trucks with bearings Opened in 1941-42, there are 401 apartments in the 3-story buildings. As 2011, some of the buildings had been vacated.

Terrill Homes/Riverview Court
Riverview Court, Ironbound, East Ward (40.73194°N, -74.1525°W)

Opened on November 1, 1946 the complex was originally named for Franklin D. Roosevelt and is generally known as Riverview Court. At a rededication ceremony on June 6, 1986 it was re-named in honor of Millard E. Terrill, a civic leader and community activist. One of the first tenants, having moved in five days after it opened, he was appointed to the NHA Board of Commissioners by then-mayor, Kenneth Gibson in 1973. In 2014, the buildings were considered obsolete but residents were unwilling to leave them. In October 2017, the city housing authority decided to close and demolish the buildings. As of 2021, the complex, which suffers from flooding, had not been demolished and replacement plans for tenants remained unclear.

Kretchmer Elderly
Frelinghuysen Avenue, Dayton, South Ward

Named for Otto Kretchmer, a well-known citizen Newarker, member of the Newark Housing Authority and President of Peerless Imperial Company which manufactured typewriter ribbons and carbon paper. He died in 1950. The complex, which comprises five 12-story buildings opened in 1953.

Pennington Court
South Street, Ironbound, East Ward Named for a prominent family in Newark’s early history, all descendants of Ephrain Pennington one of the city's Puritan founders. Among them are William Pennington, William Sanford Pennington, Alexander C. M. Pennington and Samuel Pennington. The low-rise complex was opened in 1939-1940 and has 236 units.

http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/first-fidelity-bank-n-a-new-jersey-history/ First Fidelity Pennington

River Park Apartments
Oxford and Lexington Streets, ironbound (40.73194°N, -74.1525°W) Opened in 1931-32, the low-rise complex six buildings was funded by Prudential Insurance, with headquarters in Newark, and named the Cellis Austin Apartments, for a member of its board of directors. . It was later sold in 1952, and underwent renovation in the 2000s.

Scudder Homes (demolished)
Broad Street, Downtown Newark (40.73167°N, -74.17417°W)

Named for Edward W. Scudder, president of the Newark News. Opened in 1959 the complex comprised seven 13-story buildings. The project was imploded Summer 1996 by Engineered Demolition, Inc. and has been partially replaced by low-rise mixed income housing, some of owned by residents.

Seth Boyden Terrace
Seth Boyden Terrace (demolished) Foster & Frelinghuysen Avenues Dayton, South Ward.

Named for Seth Boyden a renowned inventor who was known for his process for casting malleable iron and for manufacturing a form of approved patent leather. His work greatly contributed to the onset of locomotives and railroads by making cast improvements in stationary steam engines.

The complex was first established in 1941. Seth Boyden Elderly is a fifteen story residential tower completed in 1968. As of 2011, the several buildings were partially vacated.

lions gate

Stephen Crane Village
Franklin Avenue & North 6th Street (40.7797°N, -74.1748°W) Named for writer, Stephen Crane, born in Newark 1871 who at the age of 21, wrote The Red Badge of Courage, a depiction of the civil war. The complex opened in 1940.

Stella Wright Homes (demolished)
Prince Street, Springfield/Belmont, Central Ward (40.73612°N, -74.18539°W)

Named for Stella WindsorWright, a social worker. Built in 1959, the complex comprised seven 13-story buildings. While it was announced that the buildings had become obsolete in 1999, they were not demolished (in phases by implosion) until Spring 2002 and were the last of the city's major high-rise projects to be razed.

http://www.emporis.com/complex/103229/hayes-homes-newark-nj-usa