User:Dmargarito1/sandbox2

Proposal
For my Wikipedia project on an ethical issue, I choose to address the issue of roboethics and the takeover of artificial intelligence. As our technology is emerging and new inventions are making every day life more simpler, there are still many people that are worried about the rapid speed in which artificial intelligence is growing. The majority of us, do not worry this but there are many organizations filled with intellectuals and academics that are focusing on ways to regulate the risk that artificial intelligence has on us. The initial page that I wanted to edit was Roboethics but I thought it was pretty solid and that AI takeover needs more work. Both of which are discussing different areas of the same issue. The "warning" section of the wikipage on AI takeover both address Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates so I choose to elaborate and add more of what they both had to say on AI takeover. I also choose to add another takeover scenario in science fiction by adding the film Maximum Overdrive to the section and briefly talking about what it has to do with AI takeover.

Research
First Research Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (Roboethics) - moral obligations of society towards machines - may include right to life and liberty, freedom, and thought and expression, and equality before the law. - issue considered by Institute for the Future and Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom). - Glenn McGee reports humanoid robots to appear by 2020. Ray Kuzewil at 2029.

(Threats to Privacy) - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn says speech recognition technology is tyranny. -ex: Artificial Intelligence program understands natural languages, then can listen to every conversation in world and report everything, including who is saying it. - could allow governments to suppress, dissent, and attack their enemies. (Threat to Human Dignity) - Joseph Weizenbaum argued in '79 that AI technology should not replace jobs that require respect and care such as: customer service rep, therapist, elderly care, nursemaid, judge, or police officer.

(UPDATE: information of people listed) Glenn McGee - professor of public management at UNH Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn - Russian novelist, historian, critic of Soviet totalitarianism. Joseph Weizenbaum - German/American computer scientist and professor at MIT. Ray Kuzweil - American author, computer scientist, inventor, futurist, engineering director at Google.

http://www.hrw.org/reports/2014/05/12/shaking-foundations http://www.metafuture.org/Articles/TheRightsofRobots.htm http://hrp.law.harvard.edu/staff/taking-on-killer-robots/ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/5ae9b434-8f8e-11db-9ba3-0000779e2340.html#axzz3ZwOI1RwP http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2015/02/25/be-calm-robots-arent-about-to-take-your-job-mit-economist-says/ http://www.kurzweilai.net/ask-ray-human-and-robot-rights-in-the-future http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/2004-05/ai/ai-ethics.html http://www.cs.bath.ac.uk/~jjb/web/ai.html

Updated Research
FLI - Future of Life Institute - An organization deticated to researching "existential risk facing humanity" - Their current focus is potential risk on human-level artificial intelligence. - Send out an open letter titled "Research priorities for Robots and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence: Open Letter." - Warned about how rapidly AI is improving, their abilities to "make good decisions, plans, or interference" and started to show success in speech recognition, image classification, machine translation, and question-answering systems. - The ethical question is: Are the improvements in AI performance worth all the economic profit from it? - The problematic cycle goes: small improvements in performance equals large sum of money which leads to greater investments in research. - The open letter was signed by hundreds of notable academics including: Bill Gates and Stephen Hawking Bill Gates - " I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do alot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent. That should be positive if we manage it well. A few decades after that though, the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern. I agree with Elon Musk and some others on this and don't understand why some people are not concerned. Stephen Hawking - in a letter to Independent.co.uk      - Says our notion of highly intelligent machines as just being science fiction could be mankind's worst mistake.        - States four landmarks in AI research: Self driving cars (Google), computer winning jeopardy (IBM), computer winning world chess champion (IBM), and digital assistance (Apple).        - Some world militarizes are considering autonomous-weapon systems that can choose and eliminate targets Ethical Issues on Advance Artificial Intelligence   :Nick Bostrom (Oxford University) - a super intelligence is any that outperforms the best human brains in practically every field. - Some unusual aspects on the creation of super intelligence: - maybe the last invention humans ever make - Super intelligence will lead to more advance super intelligence- could make it with its own source code. - They are autonomous agents (Capable of independent initiative and make its own plans) - They need not have humanlike motives. ( may not share human motivational tendencies) Maximum Overdrive - is a 1986 science fiction film by Stephen King about the aftermath of a passing comet which causes all inanimate objects with a computer to show a murderous life of their own

Annotated Bibliography:
Future of Life webpage. http://futureoflife.org/who - During my research I found out that the Future of Life institute is a program that is interested in the preservation of human life and it's main focus is to eliminate any possible threat to human mankind. It deals with ethical judgment of technology.

BBC news. http://www.bbc.com/news/31047780 - This online article discusses Bill Gate's stance on artificial intelligence. Bill Gates says howhe feels that artificial intelligence can be a major threat to humanity if we do not regulate it properly. He speaks about tis rapid growth and how it will eventually surpass our intelligence.

The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/stephen-hawking-transcendence-looks-at-the-implications-of-artificial-intelligence--but-are-we-taking-ai-seriously-enough-9313474.html - This online article is about Stephen Hawking's stance on artificial intelligence and how we are overlooking it's potential. The link also shows a video of an interview with Stephen Hawking as he talks about the danger of AI.

Nick Bostrom. http://www.nickbostrom.com/ethics/ai.html - Nick Bostrom is an Oxford philosophy faculty member and the director of Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford. He has a lot of material on artificial intelligence and super intelligence. I used his work to talk about a super intelligent agent.

IMBD. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091499/plotsummary - IMBD is a movie database website that gives various different descriptions of films. I used this to

Annotated Bibliography Updated
BBC news. "Microsoft's Bill Gates insists AI is a threat" - On Reddit.com, Bill Gates did a AMA (ask me anything) where he first proofed it was really him with a photo and then answered any questions people in the online forum would have for him. It was interesting to see his responses on topics about what can improve quality of life or what regrets in life do you have, but what interest me what his answers to his stance on artificial intelligence. He states how he is on the side of those who are concerned with the future of artificial intelligence and how he sees them as a threat to human life if we do not manage it properly. BBC news took his answers from the reddit AMA and then made an article with it that main focus was his stance on artificial intelligence. Reddit has been doing AMA with other celebrities for quite some time now.

Future of Life. "Who we are" - Just to get an understanding of what is the Future of Life organization or what they do, I used their "about us" section of their webpage for more information. Their mission statement shows how they are interested in researching to make a safe path for future technology to be safe for human life. Their founders include successful people such as, the founder of Skype and professors from well respected schools. IMBD. "Plot Summary: Maximum Overdrive" - IMBD is an online movie database that is useful for getting information on a film that you have not seen before. Instead of providing just one basic summary of the film, it provides you with several ones to ensure a good understanding of the movie. I have not seen Maximum Overdrive but from reading several plots I can now tell you that it involves inanimate objects having a mind of their own and looking to cause mayhem. After speaking to a friend who has seen this film, I can confirm that it was about this.

The Independent. "Stephen Hawking: 'Transcendence looks at the implications of artificial intelligence - but are we taking AI seriously enough?" - The Independent is a British newspaper company. In this online article, the Independent shows a letter written to them by Stephen Hawking addressing the issues of artificial intelligence and the rapid speed in which it is improving.

Nick Bostrom. "Ethical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence" - Nick Bostrom is an Oxford philosophy faculty member and the director of Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford. He has a lot of material on artificial intelligence and super intelligence. I used his work to talk about a super intelligent agent and how it differences from an artificial intelligence.