User:Dnbell/sandbox

== ''Did you find the ordering of the article confusing or odd? I found that just jumping straight to Type 2 diabetes was a bit off-putting. You also mention including notable historic instances where sleep deprivation produced a detrimental outcome. Can you think of any instances where it led to a positive outcome? (Liz)'' == Article evaluation During this training exercise, there were many things that were a review from previous courses. In previous courses, I learned the importance of citing sources and the kind of sources to use and not to use when providing quality information. I did learn the elements of quality articles such as having a detailed lead section, this makes the article clear and easy to understand. Quality articles also contain a clear structure of headings and subheadings that are arranged in chronological order or by themes. The quality of an article is also measured by the balance of content, the article should cover many aspects of the topic. The most important thing to keep in mind when determining the quality of an article is to ensure that the authors depict a neutral tone throughout the text. The authors should be unbiased on the topic that they are presenting.

The article that I decided to evaluate was Sleep deprivation. I think the article referenced many reliable references, but I feel as if there is a lack of medical references. The article relies heavily on primary sources. Everything in the article is relevant to the article topic. One of the things that distracted me is the lack of solutions that the authors provided to prevent or decrease sleep deprivation in individuals. Sleep deprivation is very prevalent and I feel like solutions should be included towards the end of the article. I do feel like the article is neutral. I did not see any claims or frames that appear heavily biased toward a particular position. The sources that were cited were neutral sources. The viewpoints that I feel were underrepresented were the increased development of mental illnesses and obesity that sleep deprivation cause. I would also include other health risks such as cardiovascular disease and cancer that becomes a greater risk because of sleep loss. After checking a few citations, the links are functioning properly. With reviewing just a few sources, I didn't detect any paraphrasing or plagiarism in the article. The information doesn't seem to be out of date, but I would include many other things like the themes I previously listed and notable sleep deprivation accidents like the Exxon Valdez and the Three Mile Island accident.

Drafting: Several large studies using nationally representative samples suggest that one of the causes of high obesity rates in the United States might be a corresponding decrease in the average number of hours that people are sleeping. The findings suggest that this might be happening because sleep deprivation could be disrupting hormones that regulate glucose metabolism and appetite.Leptin is one of the hormones that communicate with one's brain to indicate that the body is full. When one becomes sleep deprived, leptin levels decrease, resulting in a more aggressive appetite. ''Nice start to your article, but I might suggest adding headers to clearly differentiate your article evaluation from your drafting. Additionally, I would suggest copying and pasting pieces of the "live" wikipedia article in your sandbox for editing. You will want to bold or underline changes your make (e.g., additions, etc..) so that your peers may more easily review your work (Liz)''

Additions In rats, prolonged, complete sleep deprivation increased both food intake and energy expenditure with a net effect of weight loss and ultimately death. This study hypothesizes that the moderate chronic sleep debt associated with habitual short sleep is associated with increased appetite and energy expenditure with the equation tipped towards food intake rather than expenditure in societies where high-calorie food is freely available Peer Review suggested that I add another citation

'''Several large studies using nationally representative samples suggest that one of the causes of high obesity rates in the United States might be a corresponding decrease in the average number of hours that people are sleeping.The findings suggest that this might be happening because sleep deprivation could be disrupting hormones that regulate glucose metabolism and appetite. Leptin is one of the hormones that communicate with one's brain to indicate that the body is full.When one becomes sleep deprived, leptin levels decrease, resulting in a more aggressive appetite.''' username:dnbell/sandbox

The association between sleep deprivation and obesity appears to be strongest in young and middle-age adults. Other scientists hold that the physical discomfort of obesity and related problems, such as sleep apnea, reduce an individual's chances of getting a good night's sleep.

Sleep loss is currently proposed to disturb endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis leading to weight gain and obesity. For instance, laboratory sleep deprivation studies in young men have demonstrated that one night of wakefulness (typically found in shift workers) exerts significant effects on the energy balance the next morning, including reduced energy expenditure,enhanced hedonic stimulus processing in the brain underlying the drive to consume food,and overeating that goes beyond satiety.Further recent studies have shown that a reduction of sleep duration to four hours for two consecutive nights has been shown to decrease circulating leptin levels and to increase ghrelin levels, as well as self-reported hunger. Similar endocrine alterations have been shown to occur even after a single night of sleep restriction.

Another peer reviewer suggested that I add more images, what type of images would you see most fit? I couldn't locate the other peer reviews, I was able to view and respond to two of them, Jenny1260 and Cjackson1215.

Additional Information The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill was the second largest oil spill in the United States. This accident occurred when an Exxon oil tanker struck a reef at the Prince William Sound in Alaska. Approximately 10.8 million gallons of oil spilled into the sea. The accident caused great environmental damage including the death of hundreds of thousands of birds and sea creatures. Fatigue and sleep deprivation were the major contributors to the accident. The captain of the ship was asleep after a night of heavy drinking; he was severely fatigued and had been awake for 18 hours. The entire crew was suffering from fatigue and inadequate sleep.