User:Dodalv/sandbox

Origin

The observatory at Isfahan (Esfahan) was established in 1038-1194 by Malikshah of the Seljuk empire, who employed Omar Khayyam to design and utilize the observatory to create a modern calendar. The Seljuk era shifted Isfahan into a thriving metropolis with name recognition throughout medieval Persia. Khayyam, though primarily known for his contributions to medieval mathematics and poetry, was brought to Isfahan to reform the Persian calendar. The peace and prosperity of the Islamic Golden Age held over Seljuk ruled Isfahan for eighteen years while Khayyam worked at the observatory creating the reformed Persian calendar. Beginning in 1076 and continuing into 1079 the calendar was reformed by Khayyam and a collection of eight other renowned astronomers. The reform of the calendar, labelled the Jalali era reform, was more accurate than any calendar to date, and matches a degree of accuracy measured in the 19th century.

Consequences

Khayyam’s era of peace, science, and prosperity ended in 1092. Khayyam was ridiculed by orthodox Muslims, and the calendar abolished. Orthodox Muslims found the continued curiosity towards science offensive and funding was halted to the observatory, and it was consequently shut down.

Bibliography Women in the Ottoman Empire

Powerful women in Ottoman society[edit]
Women that shaped the Ottoman Empire are often overlooked in Western narratives. During the era of the valide sultan, many women utilized their influence over the leading men of the empire to shape the international and domestic politics of the empire. Notable women include but are not limited to; Roxolena, Kosem Sultan, Safiye Sultan, and Turhan Hatic Sultan.

Women in the Ottoman Empire prior to 1700[edit]
Women in the Ottoman Empire possessed a variety of rights under Islamic law that were out of the ordinary for the era. These rights included, but were not limited to; the ability to own property, the ability to utilize the judicial system with their own agency without consulting a male, including bringing divorce claims to court, the ability to become educated in religious and scholars fields, and the ability to be financially independent. Women in the Ottoman Empire are consistently painted in the Western narrative that they were mere objects existing under the role of men, and though this is true in some cases, there was a surprising amount of agency that women possessed, particularly in the transformation era of the Ottoman Empire