User:Donald Trung/Education in French Annam

This page serves as "the editing history" of the English Wikipedia article "Annam (French protectorate)" and is preserved for attribution.
 * https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileDiff/1026118449&type=revision ✅. --Donald Trung (talk) 13:55, 31 May 2021 (UTC).

Education


During the French period the Confucian-oriented education system was slowly being replaced with a localised version of the French education system. Prior to French domination teachers were held in high regard in the Confucian system and as such one of the traditional values of the Vietnamese people is the promotion of learning and to have high respect for educators. In this old system teachers were deemed to be "Only lower than the King" (Emperor) according to a 2010 report by the World Bank. In order to become a teacher in Imperial Vietnam, the mandarins would request of those that applied to become teachers to already have both high grades in competitive Confucian-style exams as well as excellent prior learning achievements. The 2010 report by the World Bank also noted that historically in Vietnam teachers would often be invited to reside together with well-to-do villagers so they would be able to tutor the children of these wealthy families as well as other children that lived in the village.

Immediately after the establishment of the colony of French Cochinchina the French established schools to teach the Vietnamese French and the French Vietnamese in order to train interpreters for the army. In Cochinchina the French immediately began replacing the Nguyễn government apparatus with the French government apparatus and education formed an important part of this process. This education and training system that was established in French Cochinchina initially met the two basic goals that the French had set up in helping to train both interpreters and secretaries for the French military and colonial government, while organising a new form education for the indigenous population that popularised French words and romanised the local languages, the latter was done to gradually replace Chinese characters. Despite their efforts French words weren't easily adopted and Chinese script persisted as these goals only found limited success in French Cochinchina.

Following the establishment of two protectorates over the Nguyễn dynasty the French expanded the education system they had set up in Cochinchina to the rest of Vietnam. The new French-based education system was created in the hopes of training indigenous people that could serve French interests in the colonial system. During the colonial period the French built elementary schools, primary schools, primary colleges, secondary schools, and three universities across Vietnam, all these places of education had the French language as the main language that was used for instruction.

Education during the French protectorate period started at the primary school-level (小學, Tiểu học) as early childhood education would only become a concern in Vietnamese society following the abolition of the Nguyễn dynasty in 1945. During most of the French protectorate period as well as before early childhood education was not considered to be a social task, and therefore, there existed no form of a formal educational system and curriculum for preschool children at during this period.

In the year 1906, France enacted its first educational reform in French Indochina to expand their influence over the local populations. These reforms were aimed at controlling the spiritual lives of the people and limit the influence of the Confucian mandarins. The traditional mandarins were seen as a threat to French influence as they used Confucianism to promote Vietnamese nationalism. The 1906 reforms implemented French at every level. In the 1906 the basic subjects for boys were reading and writing, mathematics, history, geography, morality, and accounting, while the basic subjects for girls were reading and writing, mathematics, morality, hygiene, and housework. Vocational education was also established to train the indigenous population to work for French capitalists as skilled labourers.

Because only a small number of schools were constructed across Vietnam access to these schools was extremely limited and as much as 95% of the Vietnamese population would remain illiterate during most of the period of French domination showing the inefficiency of the education system.

In the year 1917 clear educational guidelines were established for French Indochina and at the primary school and elementary school level Vietnamese classes were given with instructions written in Chữ Quốc Ngữ to replace Chinese characters. The Quốc Ngữ alphabet was used to turn Vietnamese into "a vehicle used to transport French ideology and interests in Indochina".

While apologists for the French colonial regime would claim that French rule led to vast improvements to Vietnamese education system. The official statistics that were compiled and kept by the French authorities in Indochina cast doubt on such assertions.

In the year 1939 no more than 15% of all school-age children had received any amount of education while still 80% of the general Vietnamese populace remained illiterate. This was in contrast to pre-colonial times when the majority of the Vietnamese people were in possession of at least some degree of literacy.

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 * No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.








 * August 2020.




 * No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.








 * July 2020.




 * No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.






 * June 2020.




 * No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.






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Sources to use
This expansion only exists because of the image and serves "as an excuse to add the image to the article", though I am glad I cam educate people while wanting to add that image (document) there. --Donald Trung (talk) 22:30, 30 May 2021 (UTC).


 * https://www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam/Effects-of-French-colonial-rule
 * ✅. --Donald Trung (talk) 22:29, 30 May 2021 (UTC).
 * ✅. --Donald Trung (talk) 22:29, 30 May 2021 (UTC).


 * https://ijccep.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40723-020-00080-4
 * ✅. --Donald Trung (talk) 21:11, 30 May 2021 (UTC).
 * ✅. --Donald Trung (talk) 21:11, 30 May 2021 (UTC).


 * http://pubs.sciepub.com/education/8/4/3/index.html
 * ✅. --Donald Trung (talk) 22:13, 30 May 2021 (UTC).
 * ✅. --Donald Trung (talk) 22:13, 30 May 2021 (UTC).