User:Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule

The City of Hanoi (French: Ville de Hanoï; Vietnamese: Thành phố Hà Nội; Chữ Nôm: 城庯河內) during most of its history under French rule was governed as a concession city (nhượng địa), it served as both the capital city of both the French protectorate of Tonkin and French Indochina. The city of Hanoi was occupied by French forces multiple times before the Nguyễn dynasty surrendered to France in 1883, notably between November 1873 and February 1874 and in April 1882. During a period known in Vietnamese history as the Pháp thuộc (法屬, "French domination") the city of Hanoi was extensively developed and modernised. Hanoi initially only served as the capital city of the French protectorate of Tonkin, the northern division of the Nguyễn dynasty, and came under direct French control in October 1888 when it was separated administratively from the Hanoi province, starting the period of direct colonial administration of Hanoi under French rule (Vietnamese: Hà Nội thời Pháp thuộc).

the capital city of French Indochina in 1902.

"Little Paris" (Petit Paris)

1880s


"Article 1. - The lands of the Cities of Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng) are established as French concessions and are transferred in full ownership to the French Government by the Government of Annam, which renounces all rights over the aforementioned lands."

- Dụ số 567 ngày thứ 26 tháng thứ tám năm Đồng Khánh thứ ba (01-10-1888).

1883–1888
Initially the French administration in Hanoi was ruled by a Resident (French: Resident; Vietnamese: Công sứ; Hán-Nôm: 公使), this position was established under the terms of Article 12 the 1883 Protectorate Treaty, which states that "there would be one French Resident stationed in Hanoi, one in Haiphong, one in coastal cities that may be established later, and one in the capital city of each major province…". The French Residents under the terms of the treaty would refrain from interfering in the details of the internal administration of the provinces. Subject to their oversight, the indigenous mandarins at all ranks shall continue to govern and administer them, but they may be replaced at the demand of the French authorities if they display any ill will towards them. The Resident was granted the control over the police in large urban areas, and their right of control over native officials shall be extended in step with the development of the said urban areas. Furthermore, the Resident was given the authority to centralise the tax system, after due consultation with the quan bố, and oversaw the collection of the taxes and the way in which the revenue is used.

Article 6 of the 1884 Protectorate Treaty stipulated that the Residents or Deputy Residents will be placed by the Government of the Republic in the chief towns of Tonkin, where their presence is felt to be useful. They will be under the orders of the Resident-General of Annam and Tonkin. They will live in the citadel and, where such is the case, in the enclosure reserved for the mandarin. If necessary, they will be provided with a French or a Southern (Nguyễn dynasty) military escort. After the establishing the position of Resident-Superior of Tonkin by decree on 27 January 1886 effective on 8 April 1886, the Residents (in the provincial capital of the large province) and the deputy envoy (in the provincial capital of the small province) in Tonkin were placed under this position.

The Resident of Hanoi was in charge of civil, misdemeanor, and commercial trials as well as tax collection according to the contents of the protectorate treaties of 1883 and 1884. Officially indigenous mandarins (Tổng đốc, Tuần phủ, Etc.) retained their powers and authorities under the terms of the protectorate and the French Residents wouldn't interfere with their administration as long as it wouldn't attempt to undermine the French administrators. The French also established aa Conseil provincial (Vietnamese: Hội đồng hàng tỉnh) in every Tonkinese and Annamese province to assist the Resident.

Hanoi during this period was also the seat of the Kinh lược sứ Bắc kỳ (French: Vice-roi du Tonkin), the highest Nguyễn dynasty official in Tonkin, established by the French to separate Tonkin from the imperial court in Huế. The first Kinh lược sứ Bắc kỳ was Nguyễn Hữu Độ, the Tổng đốc of Hà-Ninh. The position was established by Dụ ngày 3.6.1886 issued by the Đồng Khánh Emperor.

In 1888 the Residents of Hanoi and Haiphong were replaced by the new position of Maire and the Conseil provincial was replaced by the Conseil municipal.

1888–1945
The Government of the City of Hanoi (French: Gouvernement de la Ville de Hanoï; Vietnamese: Chính-phủ Thành-phố Hà-Nội; Hán-Nôm: 政府城庯河內) was established by decree on 19 July 1888.

Maire de la Ville de Hanoï (Vietnamese: Quan Đốc lý Thành phố Hà Nội; Hán-Nôm: 官總理城庯河內), officially the Résident-Maire (Vietnamese: Công sứ-Đốc lý; Hán-Nôm: 公使—總理) and sometimes referred to as the Administrateur-Maire,

Established with Dụ số 567 ngày thứ 26 tháng thứ tám năm Đồng Khánh thứ ba 3 signed on 1 October 1888, effective 3 October 1888.

Government services
The Service Forestier (Vietnamese: Sở Lâm nghiệp) was created in 1927.

The Atelier de précision et de monnais (Vietnamese: )

1946–1954
The Government of the City of Hanoi (Vietnamese: Thị-chính Hà-Nội) of the State of Vietnam

List of residents and mayors
List of residents and mayors of French Hanoi:

Old Quarter (the 36 streets)


La Ville Marchande (Vietnamese: Khu phố Buôn bán)

Suburban zone


The Zone suburbaine autour de Hanoï was established

Hoàn Long district (Vietnamese: Huyện Hoàn Long; Hán-Nôm: 縣環龍)

Establishment of the concession city

 * https://luutru.gov.vn/ve-so-do-dinh-kem-du-so-576-cua-vua-dong-khanh-lap-cac-thanh-pho-ha-noi,-hai-phong-va-da-nang-thanh-nhuong-dia-phap-thang-10-nam-1888--391-vtlt.htm

First 10 (Ten) selected sources

 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/ha-noi-thoi-can-dai-%E2%80%93-tu-nhuong-dia-den-thanh-pho.htm


 * https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/hanoi-architecture-vietnam/index.html


 * https://m.vietnamnet.vn/en/entertainment-travel/old-french-style-villas-in-capital-to-be-examined-for-preservation-728112.html


 * https://en.vietnamplus.vn/hanoi-restores-old-french-villa/220327.vnp


 * https://www.360.hncity.org/spip.php?article60


 * https://www.hanoivietnam.fr/tramway-de-hanoi/


 * https://www.hanoivietnam.fr/monuments-disparus-hanoi-vietnam/


 * https://www.hanoivietnam.fr/les-maisons-tubes-de-hanoi/


 * https://www.hanoivietnam.fr/statue-liberte-hanoi/


 * https://www.hanoivietnam.fr/la-dentelle-dacier-de-hanoi/

Arbitrary break 1

 * https://www.hanoivietnam.fr/signification-noms-rues-vieux-quartier-hanoi/


 * https://www.hanoivietnam.fr/hanoi-dans-les-annees-1940-photographies-de-harrison-forman/


 * https://www.hanoivietnam.fr/hanoi-dans-les-annees-1920/


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/nguoi-phap-coi-nam-1891-la-thoi-diem-danh-dau-ky-nguyen-moi-o-bac-ki.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/ha-noi-130-nam-ve-truoc%E2%80%A6.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/thanh-pho-ha-noi-nam-1900.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/pho-phuong-ha-noi-xua-qua-tu-lieu-phuong-tay-va-tai-lieu-luu-tru.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/xe-keo-tay-o-ha-noi-1884-1950.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/chuyen-ve-xe-keo-tay-tai-ha-noi.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/ha-noi-%E2%80%9Cthu-do-cua-nhung-dieu-trai-nguoc%E2%80%9D.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/o-to-va-viec-luu-thong-o-to-o-dong-duong-dau-the-ky-20.htm

Arbitrary break 2

 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/nha-nguyen-voi-thanh-ha-noi.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/quy-dinh-ve-viec-luu-thong-xe-keo-thoi-phap-thuoc.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/ha-noi-va-%E2%80%9Ctam-ao-moi%E2%80%9D-nhung-nam-1897-%E2%80%93-1902.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/tau-dien-ha-noi.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/vuon-hoa-dien-hong-120-nam-truoc.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/pho-co-ha-noi-nhung-nam-1950.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/an-kiem-hai-bao-vat-trieu-nguyen-tung-duoc-tim-thay-o-lang-nghia-do-ha-noi.htm


 * https://luutru.gov.vn/phong-nha-kinh-luoc-bac-ky-buc-tranh-toan-canh-xa-hoi-mien-bac-nhung-nam-cuoi-the-ky-xix-405-vtlt.htm


 * https://luutru.gov.vn/vai-net-ve-truong-hau-bo-(ha-noi)-qua-tai-lieu-luu-tru-165-vtlt.htm


 * http://hanoi.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Cac-duong-pho-Ha-Noi-theo-van-C-phan-2/20123/8215.vnplus

Arbitrary break 3

 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/%E2%80%9Ctieu-su%E2%80%9D-nhung-cong-trinh-phap-co-o-ha-noi.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/130-nam-hoi-tri-tri-bac-ky.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/cong-trinh-61-tran-phu-goc-nhin-tu-tai-lieu-luu-tru.htm


 * http://baoapbac.vn/chinh-tri/201808/ky-niem-73-nam-cach-mang-thang-tam-thanh-cong-19-8-1945-19-8-2018-cach-mang-thang-tam-thanh-cong-danh-dau-buoc-ngoat-lich-su-vi-dai-809964/index.htm


 * https://baotintuc.vn/thoi-su/suc-manh-dai-doan-ket-trong-cach-mang-thang-tam-20140821140851712.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/mot-ganh-hang-rong-mot-mien-ky-uc.htm


 * https://m.vovworld.vn/vi-VN/ha-noi-ngan-nam/hang-bac-pho-nghe-doc-dao-o-ha-noi-425020.vov


 * https://360.hncity.org/spip.php?article577


 * https://suckhoedoisong.vn/he-lo-bi-mat-cuoc-doi-cuu-thi-truong-ha-noi-duoc-si-tham-hoang-tin-169131176.htm


 * https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/forum-57511295

Arbitrary break 4

 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/lan-theo-dau-vet-place-neyret-o-ha-noi-thoi-phap-thuoc.htm


 * https://baotanglichsu.vn/vi/Articles/3096/73011/130-nam-hoi-tri-tri-bac-ky.html


 * https://baotanglichsu.vn/vi/Articles/3096/72866/long-bien-cay-cau-thep-vi-djai-tron-120-tuoi.html


 * https://baotanglichsu.vn/vi/Articles/3096/72763/loi-keu-goi-toan-quoc-khang-chien-ket-tinh-va-lan-toa-suc-manh-chinh-tri-tinh-than-dan-toc.html


 * https://chaohanoi.com/2021/01/25/a-brief-history-of-hang-day-stadium/


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/biet-thu-51-tran-hung-dao-%E2%80%93-%E2%80%9Cdinh-bao-dai%E2%80%9D-thu-8.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/ha-noi-co-san-golf-tu-bao-gio.htm


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/2-1-ket-qua-tran-chung-ket-bong-da-nam-dien-ra-tai-ha-noi-nam-1931.htm


 * http://www.thuvientailieu.vn/tai-lieu/he-thong-chinh-quyen-thanh-pho-ha-noi-thoi-phap-thuoc-va-vai-tro-cua-no-trong-quan-ly-va-phat-trien-do-thi-43070/


 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/lich-su-tru-so-dai-su-quan-phap.htm

Arbitrary break 5

 * https://www.archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/nhung-chiec-xich-lo-dau-tien-o-ha-noi.htm


 * https://www.academia.edu/34735874/A_Colonial_University_for_South_East_Asia_The_Indochinese_University_in_Hanoi_1906_1945_?f_ri=1785297


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/nguyen-cat-tuong-%E2%80%93-ong-chu-hang-xe-lux-o-ha-noi.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/doi-net-ve-cong-tac-tri-thuy-o-mien-bac-qua-chau-ban-trieu-nguyen-1802-1945.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/ha-noi-%E2%80%9Cthu-do-cua-nhung-dieu-trai-nguoc%E2%80%9D.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/cuoc-tan-cong-thanh-ha-noi-lan-ii-nam-1882-%E2%80%93-khuc-dao-dau.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/thanh-ha-noi-buoc-vao-giai-doan-bi-chiem-dong.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/tu-kho-hoc-xa-dong-duong-thoi-phap-thuoc-den-khu-dai-hoc-bach-khoa-ngay-nay.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/thanh-ha-noi-bi-pha-huy-qua-tung-giai-doan.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/them-thong-tin-luu-tru-ve-nhung-tran-danh-thanh-ha-noi.htm

Arbitrary break 6

 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/xu-bac-ky-nhung-nam-dau-the-ky-xx.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/phat-hien-them-tu-lieu-ve-an-va-kiem-trieu-nguyen.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/phi-cong-cao-dac-minh-va-con-duong-cung-ten-tai-ha-noi.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/tau-dien-ha-noi-co-tu-bao-gio.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/dieu-chua-biet-ve-nha-may-diem-dau-tien-tai-ha-noi.htm


 * https://luutru.gov.vn/nhung-bi-mat-ve-cuoc-don-tiep-bao-dai-tai-ha-noi-nam-1949-141-vtlt.htm


 * https://luutru.gov.vn/bao-tang-louis-finot-%E2%80%93-bieu-trung-cho-phong-cach-kien-truc-dong-duong.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/ga-ha-noi-dat-o-gia-lam-tung-la-noi-lo-cho-thuong-mai-cua-ha-noi.htm


 * https://luutru.gov.vn/dau-an-cua-nguoi-phap-qua-cong-trinh-dai-hoc-dong-duong.htm


 * https://luutru.gov.vn/cong-bo-gioi-thieu-tai-lieu/tau-dien-ha-noi-ky-uc-vang-bong-mot-thoi.htm

Arbitrary break 7

 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/van-de-nha-o-gia-re-tai-ha-noi-dau-the-ky-20.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/ha-noi-trong-bom-dan-cua-khong-quan-my-nhung-nam-1940-ky-1.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/ha-noi-trong-bom-dan-cua-khong-quan-my-nhung-nam-1940-ky-2.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/ha-noi-trong-bom-dan-cua-khong-quan-my-nhung-nam-1940-ky-cuoi.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/lich-su-nha-may-dien-thanh-pho-ha-noi.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/nghe-%E2%80%9Cbat-te%E2%80%9D-hay-phu-khuan-vac-o-ha-noi-xua.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/van-mieu-%E2%80%93-quoc-tu-giam-o-ha-noi-va-nhung-thang-tram-trong-lich-su-1884-1945.htm


 * https://luutru.gov.vn/cong-bo-gioi-thieu-tai-lieu/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-luu-tru-37-cong-trinh-kien-truc-phap-dong-duong-tai-ha-noi.htm


 * https://luutru.gov.vn/cong-bo-gioi-thieu-tai-lieu/tai-lieu-ve-bao-chi-cach-mang-viet-nam-bao-quan-tai-trung-tam-luu-tru-quoc-gia-iii.htm


 * https://archives.org.vn/gioi-thieu-tai-lieu-nghiep-vu/nha-in-vien-dong-nua-dau-the-ky-xx.htm

Arbitrary break 8

 * https://m.hanoitimes.vn/the-mansion-of-king-bao-dai-in-hanoi-a-sleeping-beauty-316679.html

Others

 * French Cochinchina's Petit-Blancs.


 * https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1045&context=hist_fac

To further investigate

 * http://pionnierstonkin.canalblog.com/archives/2006/03/12/1496796.html#_edn12
 * Unusable because it's (as far as I know) a non-expert blog, though she does cite a number of useful sources.

Infobox draft page

 * User:Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox.

Possible model

 * https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies

Other Wikipedia articles

 * https://vi.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_%C4%90%E1%BB%91c_l%C3%BD_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i


 * https://vi.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_(1901%E2%80%931991)


 * https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government-General_of_Taiwan


 * https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_h%C3%A0nh_ch%C3%ADnh_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i


 * https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Long_(huy%E1%BB%87n)

Background (OLD) and other cut things.



 * https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Donald_Trung/Hanoi_under_French_rule#/editor/all

During a period known in Vietnamese history as the Pháp thuộc (法屬, "French domination") the city of Hanoi was regarded as the "crown jewel of France in Asia" having been extensively developed and modernised during the French protectorate period.

Images to consider using

 * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quartier-dit-indigene-hanoi.jpg


 * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Le_Tonkin_(1883-1886)_-_Dr._Charles-%C3%89douard_Hocquard_40.jpg


 * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Au_coin_de_la_Rue_de_Voiles_-_Hano%C3%AF,_Tonkin_-_l%27Union_Commerciale_Indochinoise.jpg


 * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ng%C3%A0y_h%E1%BB%99i_sinh_vi%C3%AAn,_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81n_kinh_HN.jpg


 * In an article about historical Qingdao, placing it here provisionally.


 * https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Schoenen_Gruss_aus_Kiao_Tschau_1898.jpg

Redirects

 * #REDIRECT Hanoi under French rule


 * 1) French Hanoi.
 * 2) Colonial Hanoi.
 * 3) French colonial Hanoi.
 * 4) Hanoi, French Indochina.


 * #REDIRECT Hanoi under French rule


 * 1) Zone suburbaine autour de Hanoï.
 * 2) Zone suburbaine autour de Hanoi.
 * 3) Hoàn Long district.
 * 4) Hoàn Long District.
 * 5) Hoan Long district.
 * 6) Hoan Long District.