User:Donald Trung/Surveillance Commissioner (Nguyễn dynasty)



The position of Surveillance Commissioner (Hán-Nôm: 按察使; Vietnamese: Án sát sứ), or Án sát (按察), was category of mandarins present in the government systems of China, Japan, Joseon (Korea), and Vietnam originating in the Tang dynasty. In Vietnamese history the position the position was first established in the year Hồng Đức 2 (1471) when the whole country is divided into 12 regions and the post of Án sát is placed in each of them. After this placement, the position of Án sát was no longer known or mentioned in Vietnamese history. It wasn't until the year Minh Mạng 12 (1831) that the position would be re-established in Vietnam, it was one of the four provincial mandarins (Administration Commissioner, Surveillance Commissioner, Provincial Education Commissioner, and Provincial Military Lead) that formed the closest staff of the Tổng đốc to direct activities in the province (tỉnh) and at all of its prefectures (phủ), districts (huyện), cantons (tổng), and communes (xã).

Seals
The design

List of notable Surveillance Commissioners

 * Bùi Bằng Đoàn, Surveillance Commissioner of the Bắc Ninh province, French protectorate of Tonkin between 1926 and 1928.

Sources to use

 * Education commissioners.


 * https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k61402289/f77.item.r=Minist%C3%A8re%20de%20l'%C3%89ducation%20nationale (Also use this source for education commissioners.).
 * https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k61402289/f79.item.r=Minist%C3%A8re%20de%20l'%C3%89ducation%20nationale


 * Lanh-binh.


 * https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9743364h/f16.item.r=Garde%20indig%C3%A8ne%20de%20l'Annam.zoom