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History
H.A. Whitney, a Yankee peddler from Vermont, moved to Columbus, Wisconsin in 1845 and constructed the first wood frame store building in the city on the land where the Whitney now stands. The building served as a combination store/tavern/rooming house and post office. Mr. Whitney was the first postmaster. In 1857, the building burned down and was replaced by the current Whitney Hotel in 1858. This cream, brick, Italianate-style hotel soon earned the reputation of being a first-rate establishment. The third floor boasted a ballroom heated by six wood-burning stoves. The local newspaper reported on a ball sponsored by the owner of the building in 1863 (during the civil war), “if you ever hear of a ball by Fuller, ask no questions, but go at once, and enjoy yourselves, and for one night forget the ‘fear of the draft.’”

During the 1880s, The Whitney hosted some colorful traveling health practitioners whose expertise ranged from “delivering a 40-foot long tape worm” to a local couple, to curing piles. Near the turn-of-the-century the ballroom was turned into an apartment, and from then on served as commercial, professional, and apartment space.

In the 1950s, a triple-A restaurant and bar was in the first floor of the building that attracted people from miles around. From the 1960s to the present, a rapid succession of owners occupied the building and maintenance was deferred. The Whitney was red-flagged in 1990, and there was much talk in the city about tearing it down.

Ownership History
In the 1950s, the building fell into disrepair and as a result of its continued decline faced demolition in 1990. In February 1991, Heartland Properties, Inc. helped local citizens create the Columbus Downtown Development Corporation (CDDC). The CDDC served as the Developer to restore the Whitney. Concerned citizens formed a non-profit group in 1990 called Columbus Downtown Development Corporation (CDDC). The group raised $103,000 from the community to help save the building. The CDDC entered into a joint venture with Heartland Properties to rehabilitate The Whitney for housing and historic tax credits in the amount of $744,874.

The restoration and rehabilitation of the Whitney is the result of a strong partnership between the CDDC and HPI. Today, it provides affordable housing for eight households and 1,570 square feet of downtown retail space for local businesses, including the Daily Citizen newspaper. Located at the center of the downtown, the Whitney was the catalyst for many facelifts that have since been accomplished as part of the City's participation in the Wisconsin Main Street Program.

The two upper floors now contain eight apartments, and the first floor is commercial space. The entire façade was rehabilitated, and the original front bay was recreated.

Summerfest is an annual music festival held at the 75 acre Henry Maier Festival Park along the lakefront in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The festival lasts for 11 days, is made up of 11 stages with performances from over 800 acts and over 1000 performances, and since the mid-1970s has run from late June through early July, usually including the 4th of July holiday. Summerfest attracts between 800,000 and 900,000 people each year, promoting itself as "The World's Largest Music Festival", a title certified by the Guinness World Records since 1999.

Summerfest is operated by a non-profit board that hires the production staff to operate both the venue and main Summerfest event, which features local and nationally known music talent from a variety of music genres. The event also provides the opportunity to sample a wide variety of food from many Milwaukee-area restaurants. Other Summerfest attractions include comedy acts, shopping vendors, fireworks (including "The Big Bang" on opening night), other special attractions, family activities, and more.

Performing and Recording Artists make personal appearances on 11 sponsor-themed stages throughout the grounds from noon to midnight, including the 23,000-capacity American Family Insurance Amphitheater.

History
Summerfest was conceived in the 1960s by then-mayor Henry W. Maier. Inspired by his visit to Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany, Maier envisioned a similar ethnic-themed festival in Milwaukee, and in 1962 formed a panel of business and civic leaders to study the feasibility of a large-scale summer festival. By the middle of the decade, the panel drew up a proposal for a 10-day multi-event festival with the proposed name of "Milwaukee World Festival," which was changed briefly in 1966 to "Juli Spaß" (German for "July Fun") and then to "Summerfest".

The inaugural Summerfest was held in July 1968 at 35 different locations throughout the city (including Milwaukee County Stadium and Milwaukee Arena), and its events ranged from concerts to a film festival, an air show, and even a pageant. The first Summerfest, produced by Dee Robb and Con Merten was regarded as a success; the second event in 1969, was less successful, as it was plagued by additional venues, inclement weather, and severe financial debt.

In 1970, a permanent central location was decided upon, and Summerfest moved to a former Nike missile site on the lakefront, where it continues to be held to this day. Also that year, Summerfest introduced its red "smiley face" logo, an insignia that has become synonymous with the event. The logo was designed by local graphic artists Noel Spangler and Richard D. Grant.

It was also in 1970 that Henry Jordan, former Green Bay Packers defensive tackle, became executive director of Summerfest, a title he held during the event's early years until his death in 1977. After a few other businessmen were hired by the board for the executive director's job, Elizabeth "Bo" Black, who was formerly Henry Jordan's secretary, became executive director in 1984 after a ten-year lobbying effort.

Summerfest celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2007. The event's history was the subject of "Summerfest Stories", a documentary that aired in June 2007 on Milwaukee Public Television.

In 2015, Milwaukee World Festival, Inc and ReverbNation announced a three-year agreement to use the online service as an audition to give musicians a chance to perform. Summerfest wanted to provide an opportunity for performers to get a chance to be one of the 800+ acts and allow new talent to be seen by over 900,000 people that attend.

Attendance

2014
In 2014, Summerfest managed to draw and host 851,879 patrons, an increase of 1.4% over 2013’s 840,356 attendance, overcoming unseasonable weather challenges, including fog, intermittent rain and cool temperatures, along with significant highway and road construction projects in the immediate area. Food and beverage sales at the event increased by 6% over last year’s totals in the same categories. Summerfest employed nearly 2,200 seasonal employees. Festival fans sampled over 45 diverse food and beverage vendors, which resulted in the consumption of 66,011 burgers, 20,799 brats, 17,842 eggplant strips, 96,344 mozzarella sticks, 38,202 ears of corn, 181,758 mini donuts and 33,728 ice cream cones.

2015
Summerfest 2015 attracted 772,652 people, a 9.3% decline in attendance attributed to the combined Zoo Interchange and north-south portion of I-94's construction projects, along with cooler weather and a three-day strike against the Milwaukee County Transit System by the union representing bus drivers. An additional 23,000 fans attended the Rolling Stones' Summerfest kickoff June 23, the day before the festival began.

2016
Summerfest 2016 attendance numbers were up by 4.1% compared to the previous year. In 2016, 804,116 people attended Summerfest. High attendance was partly attributed to a performance by Paul McCartney and good weather.

American Family Insurance Amphitheater
The American Family Insurance Amphitheater is an amphitheater on the south end of the Summerfest grounds. Previously known as the "Marcus Amphitheater", it was built after an extremely overcrowded concert in 1984 to carry crowds of 25,000 fans during concerts. It was completed in 1987, with the principal contribution from the Marcus Corporation.

A new American Family Insurance Amphitheater is scheduled for construction in 2019. It will include enhanced production space, additional restaurant options, new restroom facilities, and new hospitality areas.

Uline Warehouse
Located on the north end of the grounds, the Uline Warehouse can accommodate approximately 5,000 - 6,000 and hosts a mix of acts from various genres including classic rock, country, hard rock, blues, and jam.

U.S. Cellular Connection
The U.S. Cellular Connection Stage features primarily country and pop music. iHeartMedia, including FM 106.1, is the media partner of the stage.

Johnson Controls World Sound Stage
The Johnson Controls World Sound Stage lineup hosts a mix of acts spanning genres including R&B, blues, world beat, and soul.

Miller Lite Oasis
The Miller Lite Oasis stage, completed in 2006, is the largest stage inside the Summerfest grounds that is accessible without having to pay extra for the American Family Insurance Amphitheatre headliner. A renovation of the Miller Lite Oasis stage will be complete for Summerfest 2017.

Harley-Davidson Roadhouse
Harley-Davidson teamed up with Summerfest to completely renovate their stage and area footprint for the 2008 festival season. The renovation improved sight lines, sound and lighting, while also increasing the area's capacity and providing for improved traffic flow in and around the stage area. Upgrades included large video screens for image magnification of performances and a comfortable seating area at the lakefront.

Briggs & Stratton Big Backyard
In 2011, a renovated Briggs & Stratton Big Backyard stage opened. Its capacity ranges from 6,000 to 8,000.

BMO Harris Pavilion
In 2012, the BMO Harris Pavilion finished construction. The new pavilion and stage, designed by Eppstein Uhen Architects, features a swooshing wave-like roof and replaces the temporary Classic Rock Stage on the south end of the grounds. It is the main project of phase two of Summerfest's two-year, US$35,000,000 redevelopment project.

The pavilion features a 10,000-person capacity, including 5,000 seats. A 17-by-10-foot video screen has been added to enhance viewing for standing-room-only patrons. Additional amenities include a lakeside sit-down restaurant and a "club bar" – with room for 200 patrons and a commanding view of the stage – open to the public during unsold time periods. Plans are also in the works to book concerts at the pavilion outside of Summerfest. There have been complaints that this is now the first ticketed venue in what was a completely general admission festival since the beginning of Summerfest in 1968, besides American Family Insurance Amphitheater.

KNE New Music Stage
The KNE New Music Stage, sponsored by K-Nation Entertainment, is located on the north end of the park near the U.S. Cellular Connection Stage. Featuring local and regional acts, this is the smallest of the stages, save for Tiki Hut and Refugee (listed below). The stage was previously co-sponsored by Cascio Interstate Music through 2013, and has since fallen under scrutiny for straying from purely local talent.

Tiki Hut
The Tiki Hut is a small lakefront stage that often features local but talented acts, with genres ranging from acoustic to electronic funk. The area often serves as an oasis for concertgoers looking to get away from the crowds and heat from the larger stages. Unlike most other stages, a single band may perform more than one act per day for a block of three to four days, which aids in developing a local following. The performers on this, and many of the smaller stages usually work for tips, as they are not paid to be there. Two current mainstays and crowd favorites of the Tiki Hut are Roster McCabe, a high-energy Minneapolis-based rock/rap/reggae/funk/electronic fusion group and acoustic guitarist Dan Rodriguez.

Refugee
Like the Tiki Hut, the Refugee stage features local acts of a variety of genres. The Refugee stage is just 15 feet from Lake Michigan and is a popular place to feel the lake breeze on hotter summer days and meet the musicians.

Concert history year by year
Summerfest has been most famous for its music, ever since the first festival in 1968, when acts such as Ronnie Dove, The New Colony Six, The Robbs and Up With People performed. Since then, musical acts from Bob Dylan, The Jonas Brothers, Maroon 5, Fun, Britney Spears, Tina Turner, and James Taylor to Christina Aguilera, Kanye West, Kid Cudi, Mary J. Blige, Wiz Khalifa, Imagine Dragons, and Nine Inch Nails have graced the Summerfest stages. Acts with Milwaukee and Wisconsin connections have had a prominent history at Summerfest, most notably the BoDeans, The Gufs, Danny Gokey, and Violent Femmes.

The concerts have been mostly civil events, with two notable exceptions. In 1970, a performance by the late-arriving Sly & the Family Stone nearly resulted in a riot. In 1973, a performance by Humble Pie & Jo Jo Gunne resulted in a riot, a bonfire, and about 300 arrests. As a result of the latter concert, organizers shied away from rock bands for several years, and established guidelines for "family-friendly" acts and a ban on alcohol brought in by patrons. This was properly managed when Henry Jordan found the experienced booking staff to manage entertainment in-house, eliminating Cleveland's Jules Belkin Promotions, who were hired by Board Members Bernie Samson and Steve Marcus. Also at that time local manager Lou Volpano was hired to improve production, and book international superstars on what was a mere Local Rock Stage, where then the Ramones, UFO, and Judas Priest headlined

Live comedy acts have also been a part of Summerfest's history, even before a regular "Comedy Showcase" was first established in 1975. Bob Hope was the main headliner at Summerfest 1969, performing two shows at Milwaukee County Stadium. George Carlin (opening for Arlo Guthrie) performed his "Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television" routine at the 1972 event (and was subsequently arrested for violating obscenity laws). Prior to his arrest, he discarded a bag of cocaine to avoid further imprisonment.

Since 1975, comedy acts ranging from David Brenner and Henny Youngman to Jay Leno and Jon Stewart have performed at the event. Sandra Bernhard did TV and radio promos for its 1986 season when she was a performer there. Lewis Black has become a frequent performer at Summerfest, making near-annual performances since his first appearance in 1991.

2015
For 2015, Linkin Park, Keith Urban, Ed Sheeran, Florida Georgia Line, Zac Brown Band , Kings of Leon, Kendrick Lamar, The Rolling Stones, Stevie Wonder, Neil Young, Carrie Underwood, and The Avett Brothers performed as headliners.

The Rolling Stones performed its first Milwaukee concert in 10 years, June 23 at the Marcus Amphitheater on the Summerfest grounds, as part of a summer run being dubbed the "Zip Code" tour. The band invited a 26-member vocal ensemble from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, that was featured during the concert. June 23 is technically the day before Summerfest's opening night, but the Big Gig promoted the Stones concert as "The Ultimate Kick-Off to Summerfest."

On April 20, 2015 it was announced Stevie Wonder would fill the June 27 headlining spot at the festival, his first Milwaukee concert since 2009.

The 2015 Summerfest ground stage headliners were announced on March 24 by Billboard. They include Aloe Blacc, The Doobie Brothers, Sammy Haggar, Pat Benatar, Whitesnake, Third Eye Blind, Weird Al, and others.

2016
Selena Gomez opened the festival on June 29. Pitbull took the stage on June 30. Country singer Blake Shelton headlines on July 1, Chris Stapleton on July 2, Tim McGraw on July 3, Blink-182 on July 5, Def Leppard and REO Speedwagon on July 6, Luke Bryan on July 7, Paul McCartney on July 8, Weezer and Panic! at the Disco July 9, and Sting and Peter Gabriel on July 10.

The 2016 ground stages included Willie Nelson, Rise Against, Hollywood Vampires, Hunter Hayes, Jason Derulo, Gavin Degraw, Nelly, The Fray, Barenaked Ladies, Billy Idol, Joan Jett, Weird Al, Violent Femmes, Timeflies, Cheap Trick, Bodeans, Skillet, OAR, Styx, and Blue Öyster Cult.

2017
Red Hot Chili Peppers will be the opening act for the 50th anniversary of Summerfest on June 28 and Pink will perform on July 2. Tom Petty will bring his 40th anniversary tour to Summerfest for two nights, July 5 and 6. Chris Stapleton will open for him on both nights. The Zac Brown Band will headline on Saturday July 1. Country music singer Luke Bryan and the Brothers Osborne will play Summerfest’s 50th on June 29.

On February 15 it was announced that the Steve Miller Band will headline the BMO Harris Pavilion during Summerfest.

Opening headliners

 * 1968   George Jessel
 * 1969   Dolly Parton
 * 1970   Sly and the Family Stone
 * 1972   The Doors
 * 1973   Steve Miller Band
 * 1974   Johnny Cash
 * 1975   The Beach Boys
 * 1976   The Band
 * 1977   Willie Nelson
 * 1978   Grateful Dead
 * 1979   Charles Aznavour / Jane Olivor
 * 1980   Kenny Loggins / Jim Messina
 * 1981   George Thorogood and The Destroyers
 * 1982   Santana
 * 1983   Eric Clapton
 * 1984   Huey Lewis and the News
 * 1985   Bryan Adams
 * 1986   The Go-Go's  / INXS
 * 1987   Paul Simon
 * 1988   Sting
 * 1989   Rod Stewart
 * 1989   Richard Belzer
 * 1990   Cher
 * 1991   Whitney Houston
 * 1992   Metallica
 * 1993   Bon Jovi
 * 1994   Janet Jackson
 * 1995   Pearl Jam
 * 1996   Alanis Morissette
 * 1997   Dave Matthews Band
 * 1998   Shania Twain
 * 1999   Paul Simon / Bob Dylan
 * 2000   Britney Spears
 * 2001   Destiny's Child
 * 2002   Nine Inch Nails
 * 2003   Kenny Chesney / Keith Urban
 * 2004   Prince
 * 2005   John Mellencamp
 * 2006   Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers / Pearl Jam
 * 2007   Steely Dan
 * 2008   Stevie Wonder
 * 2009   Bon Jovi / Lynyrd Skynyrd
 * 2010   Tim McGraw
 * 2011   Peter Gabriel
 * 2012   Rascal Flatts Lady Antebellum
 * 2013   The Avett Brothers / Violent Femmes
 * 2014   Bruno Mars and Lady Gaga
 * 2015 Florida Georgia Line / The Rolling Stones
 * 2016 Selena Gomez
 * 2017 Red Hot Chili Peppers

Winterfest
1997-1998 web banner for Winterfest

Beginning in the winter of 1989-1990, Summerfest organizers staged a colder (in the literal sense) version of Summerfest, known as Winterfest. Rather than being chiefly set at Henry Maier Festival Park, the event took inspiration from Summerfest's early days and spread its music, comedy, and other events throughout several downtown Milwaukee locations, the central spot being an ice skating rink near Cathedral Square. Due largely to undesirable Milwaukee winters, Winterfest was never as profitable as its older summer counterpart, and ceased operations after the 1997-98 event.