User:Dp ge140c/sandbox

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= Stable isotopes in bones =

Calcium
most abundant

mainly in form of bioapatite (a type of hydroxyapatite) crystals -- picture of structure?

isotopes of calcium: lewis et al

osteogenesis

diagenesis (picture?)

Isotopic fractionation processes
Mass balance equations? compartment model? (picture?)

==== Trophic level effect ==== biopurification in plants: Burton et al

soft tissues vs bones -- rayleigh distillation

formation (lighter preferred over heavier in bone) vs resorption (bulk dissolution)

kidney excretion in urine (heavy isotopes preferentially excreted compared to what's left in bone and tissues?)

Isotopic signatures
reference material: moynier

Calcium ratios

Ca 44/42

Ca 44/40
Ca with other trace elements

Ca/Sr and Ca/Br

Mass spectrometry
ICP-MS: lewis et al -- more recent, issues with interference from 40ar+ signal , 44/42 signal to overcome argon carrier gas signal interference

TIMS: lewis et al -- earlier, issues with optical logistics and hardware, but highly specific to ca signal , 44/40 signal

Detection of disease
bone disease (bone, blood, urine ratios) and metabolism

kidney disease

Identification of fossilized or skeletal remains
bone, tooth (dentin, enamel)

Paleoproxies
extent of diagenesis (location and time period)

Reconstructing food webs -- issues with this