User:Dr.mohammed ahmed

Definitions:

(*) Status epilepticus (SE) refers to a life-threatening condition in which the brain is in a state of persistent seizure. Definitions vary, but traditionally it is defined as one continuous unremitting seizure lasting longer than 5-10 minutes, or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures for greater than 30 minutes. There is some evidence that 5 minutes is sufficient to damage neurons and that seizures are unlikely to self-terminate by that time[citation needed]. In known epileptics, this condition is associated with poor compliance (adherence to medication regimen), alcohol withdrawal, and metabolic disturbances. As a primary presentation it normally indicates a tumour or abscess. It can also be induced by nerve agents such as soman.[1]

(*) Cellulitis is an infection of the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. Cellulitis can be caused by normal skin flora or by exogenous bacteria, and often occurs where the skin has previously been broken: cracks in the skin, cuts, blisters, burns, insect bites, surgical wounds, or sites of intravenous catheter insertion. The mainstay of therapy remains treatment with appropriate antibiotics. Skin on the face or lower legs is most commonly affected by this infection, though cellulitis can occur on any part of the body. Erysipelas is the term used for a more superficial infection of the dermis and upper subcutaneous layer that presents clinicially with a well defined edge. Erysipelas and cellulitis often coexist, so it is often difficult to make a distinction between the two. Cellulitis is unrelated to cellulite, a cosmetic condition featuring dimpling of the skin.

(*) Orbital cellulitis is a serious infection of the orbital tissues. Patients present with sudden onset of fever, proptosis, restricted eye movement, and swelling and redness of the eye lids. It is usually caused by a previous sinusitis. Other causes include infection of nearby structures, trauma and previous surgery. Because of concern for spread of infection, patients must be admitted to the hospital to receive intravenous antibiotics. Complications include cavernous sinus thrombosis and meningitis. Abscess formation is another complication and may require surgical drainage. Orbital cellulitis is considered an ophthalmological emergency.

(*) Periorbital cellulitis, also known as preseptal cellulitis, is an inflammation and infection of the eyelid and portions of skin around the eye. It may be caused by breaks in the skin around the eye, and subsequent spread to the eyelid; infection of the sinuses around the nose (sinusitis); or from spread of an infection elsewhere through the blood. Periorbital cellulitis must be differentiated from orbital cellulitis, which is an emergency and requires intravenous (IV) antibiotics. In contrast to orbital cellulitis, patients with periorbital cellulitis do not have bulging of the eye (proptosis), limited eye movement (ophthalmoplegia), pain on eye movement, and loss of vision. If any of these features is present, one must assume that the patient has orbital cellulitis and begin treatment with IV antibiotics. CT scan may be done to delineate the extension of the infection.

(*) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of rare genetic disorders affecting humans and domestic animals caused by a defect in collagen synthesis. Depending on the individual mutation, the severity of the disease can vary from mild to life-threatening. There is no known cure. Treatment is supportive. The disease is named after two doctors, Edward Ehlers of Denmark, and Henri-Alexandre Danlos of France, who identified it at the turn of the 20th century. [1]