User:Drabhishek kshatriya swarnkar/sandbox

Ancient chandravanshi kshatriya origin from Tamil nadu and andra pradesh : cholapuram of  kumari kandam dynasty

Raja Raja Chola I (or Rajaraja Chola I) was a renowned king who ruled over the Chola kingdom of southern India between 985 and 1014 CE. During his reign, the Cholas expanded beyond South India [6][7] with their domains stretching from Sri Lanka in the south to Kalinga in the north. Raja Raja Chola also launched several naval campaigns that resulted in the capture of the Malabar Coast as well as the Maldives and Sri Lanka. [8] Raja Raja built the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, one of the largest Hindu temples. [9] During his reign, the texts of the Tamil poets Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar were collected and edited into one compilation called Thirumurai.[7][10] He initiated a massive project of land survey and assessment in 1000 which led to the reorganization of the country into individual units known as valanadus .[11][12] Raja Raja Chola died in 1014 and was succeeded by his son Rajendra Chola. Early life Brihadeeswarar Temple inscription reading "Raja Raja" Raja Raja was born in 947 in Aipassi month on the day of Sadhayam star. [13] He was the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola and Vanavan Maha Devi of the Velir Malayaman dynasty and was named Arulmozhi Varman. [14][15] He had an elder brother Aditya Karikalan and an elder sister Kundavai.[16] Aditya Karikalan, the crown prince was assassinated in suspicious circumstances in 969. [17] After the death of Aditya, Sundara Chola announced that Uttama Chola will succeed him to the throne. Arulmozhivarman ascended the throne after the death of Uttama Chola in 985. [17][17] The Thiruvalangadu copper-plate inscriptions state that Raja Raja was elected through a democratic process followed by Cholas. [18] Chola empire during the reign of Raja Raja I Raja Raja Chola inspects the bas-relief of his exploits in Thanjavur, 995 Military conquests Rajaraja created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy. A number of regiments are mentioned in the Thanjavur inscriptions. [19][20] These regiments were divided into elephant troops, cavalry and infantry and each of these regiments had its own autonomy and was free to endow benefactions or build temples. [19] Early campaigns Rajaraja began his first campaign in the eighth year of his reign. [21] The Pandyas, Cheras and the Sinhalas allied against the Cholas. [22] In 994, Rajaraja destroyed the fleet of the Chera king Bhaskara Ravi Varman Thiruvadi (c. 978–1036) in the Kandalur War. [21][23] Rajaraja defeated the Pandya king Amarabhujanga and captured the port of Virinam. To commemorate these conquests, Rajaraja assumed the title Mummudi Chola, a title used by Tamil kings who ruled the three kingdoms of Cholas , Pandyas and Cheras.[24][25] In 1008, Rajaraja captured Udagai from Cheras and Rajendra Chola I led the Chola army in this battle. [21][26] Conquest of Sri Lanka See also: Chola occupation of Sri Lanka (993-1077) Mahinda V was the king of Sinhalese. In 991, Mahinda’s army mutinied with help from mercenaries from Kerala with Mahinda seeking refuge in the southern region of Ruhuna. Rajaraja invaded Ceylon in 993. The Thiruvalangadu copper-plate inscriptions mention that Rajaraja’s army crossed the ocean by ships and destroyed Anuradhapura, the 1400-year-old capital of Sinhalas. Cholas made the city of Polonnaruwa as the capital and renamed it Jananathamangalam. Rajaraja built a Siva temple in Pollonaruwa to commemorate the victory. [27] Raja Raja captured only the northern part of Sri Lanka while the southern part remained independent. His son Rajendra Chola captured the island in 1017 and the Chola reign in Sri Lanka was ended by Vijayabahu I in 1070. [28][29] Chalukyan conflict In 998, Rajaraja captured the regions of Gangapadi, Nolambapadi and Tadigaipadi (present day Karnataka ).[30] Raja Chola extinguished the Nolambas, who were the feudatories of Ganga while conquering and annexing Nolambapadi. [31] The conquered provinces were originally feudatories of the Rashtrakutas. [32][33] In 973, the Rashtrakutas were defeated by the Western Chalukyas leading to direct conflict with Cholas. [34] An inscription of Irivabedanga Satyashraya from Dharwar describes him as a vassal of the Western Chalukyas and acknowledges the Chola onslaught. [35] In the same inscription, he accuses Rajendra of having arrived with a force of 955,000 and of having gone on rampage in Donuwara thereby blurring the moralities of war as laid out in the Dharmasastras. [36] Historians like James Heitzman and Wolfgang Schenkluhn conclude that this confrontation displayed the degree of animosity on a personal level between the rulers of the Chola and the Chalukya kingdoms drawing a parallel between the enmity between the Chalukyas of Badami and the Pallavas of Kanchi .[37] [38] There were encounters between the Cholas and the Hoysalas, who were vassals of the Western Chalukyas. An inscription from the Gopalakrishna temple at Narasipur dated to 1006 records that Rajaraja's general Aprameya killed minister Naganna and other generals of the Hoysalas. [39] A similar inscription in Channapatna also describes Rajaraja defeating the Hoysalas. [40] Vengi kingdom was ruled by Jata Choda Bhima of the Eastern Chalukyas dynasty. [34] Jata Choda Bhima was defeated by Raja Raja and Saktivarman was placed on the throne of Vengi. [34] After the withdrawal of the Chola army, Bhima captured Kanchi in 1001. Raja Raja expelled and killed Bhima before re-establishing Saktivarman I on the throne of Vengi. [41] Kalinga conquest The invasion of the kingdom of Kalinga occurred after the conquest of Vengi.[42] Naval expedition One of the last conquests of Raja Raja was the naval conquest of the islands of Maldives. [43] The realization of the importance of a good navy and the desire to neutralize the emerging Chera Naval power were probably the reasons for the Kandalur campaign in the early days of Rajaraja’s reign. [44] The Cholas controlled the area around of Bay of Bengal with Nagapattinam as the main port. The Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Sri Lanka .[45] The success of Raja Raja allowed his son Rajendra Chola to lead the Chola invasion of Srivijaya, carrying out naval raids in South-East Asia and briefly occupying Kadaram.[6][46]

ancient Hindu civilization and king : chandravanshi kshatriya from pallavas chola kumari kandam
Raja Raja Chola I (or Rajaraja Chola I) was a renowned king who ruled over the Chola kingdom of southern India between 985 and 1014 CE. During his reign, the Cholas expanded beyond South India [6][7] with their domains stretching from Sri Lanka in the south to Kalinga in the north. Raja Raja Chola also launched several naval campaigns that resulted in the capture of the Malabar Coast as well as the Maldives and Sri Lanka. [8] Raja Raja built the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, one of the largest Hindu temples. [9] During his reign, the texts of the Tamil poets Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar were collected and edited into one compilation called Thirumurai.[7][10] He initiated a massive project of land survey and assessment in 1000 which led to the reorganization of the country into individual units known as valanadus .[11][12] Raja Raja Chola died in 1014 and was succeeded by his son Rajendra Chola. Early life Brihadeeswarar Temple inscription reading "Raja Raja" Raja Raja was born in 947 in Aipassi month on the day of Sadhayam star. [13] He was the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola and Vanavan Maha Devi of the Velir Malayaman dynasty and was named Arulmozhi Varman. [14][15] He had an elder brother Aditya Karikalan and an elder sister Kundavai.[16] Aditya Karikalan, the crown prince was assassinated in suspicious circumstances in 969. [17] After the death of Aditya, Sundara Chola announced that Uttama Chola will succeed him to the throne. Arulmozhivarman ascended the throne after the death of Uttama Chola in 985. [17][17] The Thiruvalangadu copper-plate inscriptions state that Raja Raja was elected through a democratic process followed by Cholas. [18] Chola empire during the reign of Raja Raja I Raja Raja Chola inspects the bas-relief of his exploits in Thanjavur, 995 Military conquests Rajaraja created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy. A number of regiments are mentioned in the Thanjavur inscriptions. [19][20] These regiments were divided into elephant troops, cavalry and infantry and each of these regiments had its own autonomy and was free to endow benefactions or build temples. [19] Early campaigns Rajaraja began his first campaign in the eighth year of his reign. [21] The Pandyas, Cheras and the Sinhalas allied against the Cholas. [22] In 994, Rajaraja destroyed the fleet of the Chera king Bhaskara Ravi Varman Thiruvadi (c. 978–1036) in the Kandalur War. [21][23] Rajaraja defeated the Pandya king Amarabhujanga and captured the port of Virinam. To commemorate these conquests, Rajaraja assumed the title Mummudi Chola, a title used by Tamil kings who ruled the three kingdoms of Cholas , Pandyas and Cheras.[24][25] In 1008, Rajaraja captured Udagai from Cheras and Rajendra Chola I led the Chola army in this battle. [21][26] Conquest of Sri Lanka See also: Chola occupation of Sri Lanka (993-1077) Mahinda V was the king of Sinhalese. In 991, Mahinda’s army mutinied with help from mercenaries from Kerala with Mahinda seeking refuge in the southern region of Ruhuna. Rajaraja invaded Ceylon in 993. The Thiruvalangadu copper-plate inscriptions mention that Rajaraja’s army crossed the ocean by ships and destroyed Anuradhapura, the 1400-year-old capital of Sinhalas. Cholas made the city of Polonnaruwa as the capital and renamed it Jananathamangalam. Rajaraja built a Siva temple in Pollonaruwa to commemorate the victory. [27] Raja Raja captured only the northern part of Sri Lanka while the southern part remained independent. His son Rajendra Chola captured the island in 1017 and the Chola reign in Sri Lanka was ended by Vijayabahu I in 1070. [28][29] Chalukyan conflict In 998, Rajaraja captured the regions of Gangapadi, Nolambapadi and Tadigaipadi (present day Karnataka ).[30] Raja Chola extinguished the Nolambas, who were the feudatories of Ganga while conquering and annexing Nolambapadi. [31] The conquered provinces were originally feudatories of the Rashtrakutas. [32][33] In 973, the Rashtrakutas were defeated by the Western Chalukyas leading to direct conflict with Cholas. [34] An inscription of Irivabedanga Satyashraya from Dharwar describes him as a vassal of the Western Chalukyas and acknowledges the Chola onslaught. [35] In the same inscription, he accuses Rajendra of having arrived with a force of 955,000 and of having gone on rampage in Donuwara thereby blurring the moralities of war as laid out in the Dharmasastras. [36] Historians like James Heitzman and Wolfgang Schenkluhn conclude that this confrontation displayed the degree of animosity on a personal level between the rulers of the Chola and the Chalukya kingdoms drawing a parallel between the enmity between the Chalukyas of Badami and the Pallavas of Kanchi .[37] [38] There were encounters between the Cholas and the Hoysalas, who were vassals of the Western Chalukyas. An inscription from the Gopalakrishna temple at Narasipur dated to 1006 records that Rajaraja's general Aprameya killed minister Naganna and other generals of the Hoysalas. [39] A similar inscription in Channapatna also describes Rajaraja defeating the Hoysalas. [40] Vengi kingdom was ruled by Jata Choda Bhima of the Eastern Chalukyas dynasty. [34] Jata Choda Bhima was defeated by Raja Raja and Saktivarman was placed on the throne of Vengi. [34] After the withdrawal of the Chola army, Bhima captured Kanchi in 1001. Raja Raja expelled and killed Bhima before re-establishing Saktivarman I on the throne of Vengi. [41] Kalinga conquest The invasion of the kingdom of Kalinga occurred after the conquest of Vengi.[42] Naval expedition One of the last conquests of Raja Raja was the naval conquest of the islands of Maldives. [43] The realization of the importance of a good navy and the desire to neutralize the emerging Chera Naval power were probably the reasons for the Kandalur campaign in the early days of Rajaraja’s reign. [44] The Cholas controlled the area around of Bay of Bengal with Nagapattinam as the main port. The Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Sri Lanka .[45] The success of Raja Raja allowed his son Rajendra Chola to lead the Chola invasion of Srivijaya, carrying out naval raids in South-East Asia and briefly occupying Kadaram.