User:Dragonfly843/sandbox

= The Enduring Voices Project = hello there everyone how are you! im doing great

Language Hot Spots
A primary concern of the Enduring Voices Project is the protection and focus on language hot spots, being areas of high concentration of language endangerment. The qualities that determine whether an area is considered a hot spot are defined by three primary characteristics.

Language and genetic diversity
Genetic diversity in linguistics is the composition of different languages in an area, however also considered especially by the Enduring Voices Project are the different language groupings (such as Romantic or Germanic), and the effect to which there is a diversity not only of language but the development of those languages.

Language endangerment levels
Language endangerment is calculated through a rough estimate of the number of speakers, however the calculation cannot be entirely accurate. However, there are general guidelines used by the Living Tongues Institute of Endangered Languages are as follows:

Documentation levels
The extent to which a language is documented and notated in an area, either through recording, translation, physical dictionaries made from the language, scholarly articles, or a grammatical guide. The more documentation, the more likely a language is thriving, however the less documentation, the more likely it is to be endangered, especially when found in an area with many other languages, leading to the language being lost, overlooked, or silenced.

Internationalism
Critics of the project have expressed concern for such a wide variety of languages leading to poor communication and a lack of internationalism. A variety of academic schools of thought on linguistic conservation have included Dr. John Steiner, professor of Linguistic Studies and International Business at Georgetown University. As stated in an article in the New York Times titled “Language’s Fundamental Role in International Relations and Cultural Development”, Steiner argues that “in order to form the bonds between both our indigenous histories and the modern history of Western society, it is imperative that a unified and international language is developed in the world education systems”, as well as criticizing the diversifying role of the Enduring Voices Project, stating that "by expanding 'dead' languages, a unification of knowledge and communication between both the third-world and modern world is ultimately lost."

The Enduring Voices Project has been projected often in conservative leaning sources, such as Breitbart News and the Daily Wire, as a way of reverting back to a disconnected world that provides little benefit besides perpetuating an "undoubtedly useless diversity quota for an abstract concept", states Jack Trude, writer for The Daily Wire.

Many businesses and corporations functioning in endangered language hot spots have outwardly rejected the mission of the program, as it creates within the areas complication for communication and economic growth due to the vastness of diversity, not only on an international scale, but in a local spectrum. The Northeast British-India Corporation in one of the project's most explored areas, Pakke Kessang in the northern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, in 2014 began developments in the fishing industry of the area. However, the disparity between those speaking the Aka language, which was a focal point of the most notable article from National Geographic's "Vanishing Voices" in 2012, and those speaking a complementary language Koro. The controversy that was developed was an exclusion of Koro speaking people in the fisheries due to the "cultural and communicative barriers", according to CEO Chadwick Helmsman, stating that "the 'bi-linguistic' nature of this region cannot survive so long as fishing and economic development persists, as it will continue by the will of the citizens."

Capitalist Colonization
Due to the project being the development of the National Geographic Society as well as the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, criticism has been brought forth by multiple sources , claiming that the use of corporate funded entities such as National Geographic has allowed for the manipulation and exploitation of indigenous tribes and speakers of critically endangered languages. In an opinion editorial from the Washington Post from Social and Cultural Anthropologist and Ethics professor at the University of Chicago, Dr. June Dreyfus, the concepts of linguistic conservation and linguistic imperialism are "no longer mutually exclusive". The article, published in 2012 shortly after the "Vanishing Voices" article, depicted the role of the Enduring Voices Project as "first-world manipulators of the third-world" diminishing the "natural cycles of how language functions in society" and "using modern intervention as a means for self gain not only in a wealth of knowledge, but monetarily through the private publication of its findings".

Legacy
The Enduring Voices Project has continued to be a pillar for the geographical and historical work of the National Geographic and Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, with multiple articles featuring the preservationists and their practices. Since its founding in 2007, the Project's influence has been found in multiple National Geographic articles, such as in "How Can a Language Go Extinct?" (2008), "Vanishing Voices" (2012), and "Expanding Technology and Expanding History Through Language" (2017).

The project has continued to develop in various language hot spots, however also being cited as inspiration for a variety of other linguistic study groups, such as the Cultural-Lingual Society of Siberia and the Southeast Asian Language Organization, which both provide services for teaching of endangered languages, tracking of language spread and density, as well as recording oral histories and cultural developments from the perspective native speakers.