User:Dremy99

by Prof. Daniel P. Remy, Physicist
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'''== The Circulating Universe Theory (CUT) and the resulting cosmology are largely based on the concept of a balanced negative and positive energy universe analogous to the concepts presented by P.A.M. Dirac. The mathematics are based on Minkowski Space-Time goemetry and the topological definition of a complete space being both open and closed with an intersection boundary. The mechanics of circulating energy are through multiply replicated connected gateways (wormholes if you wish) that allow Spacelike and Timelike universes to co-exist. The co-existence of negative hyperbolic (k=-1) and ellyptical or circular positive (k=+1) spaces mandates one or more intersections to occur throughout the universe.=='''

'''==The Big Bang, rather than being an explosive event is described as a separation of positive and negative energy (the hiccup) as viewed by Albert Einstein. To quote him, "The Universe may have been created from nothing". [(E+) + (E-)] = Zero/Nullity. In the Circulating Universe Theory, only a positive energy universe will stipulated as a model. The existence of the negative energy universe can only be a "parallel universe" separated from ours by some mechanism beyond the scope of the CUT theory presented here.=='''

'''== Godel's Proof(1949)resulted in a novel solution to General relativity that defied the unidirectional flow of the arrow of time. He proved that closed spacelike paths could leave and reenter timelike space in a past time. Even though "time travel" may never be achieved by living beings, that does not preclude the flow of energy in a space like region at v>c (tachyons per Einstein). Indeed, the circulating Universe Theory (CUT), proposes that energy is constantly "flowing" in and out of the observable timelike region of our universe and constantly flowing back in from the spacelike region. It is rigorously based on the law that "energy can never be destroyed nor created". As observers, we can only see and measure the re-entry of this energy (quasars, black holes, etc.). I assert that "black energy" or "black matter", is not missing, but simply not observable while in a spacelike region of the universe.=='''

'''==Recent developments in string theory and branes with negative tension resulting in negative mass provides further support for the co-existing duality of timelike and a spacelike regions of the universe in a Minkowski space. Also, recent developments in astrophysics and astronomy link Quasars and Black Hole as two manifestations of the same object. Black holes are viewed as an integral part of the ultra high energy Quasar. The red shift and light intensity of the Quasar strongly imply that both spacelike and timelike light transmission can occur at GTL speed with associated tachyons that are also derived in string theory. The connection beteen the Black Hole and a Quasars being one combined phenomena leads us to the possible existence of wormholes between the timelike and spacelike regions at the necessary topological intersection of the two spaces.=='''

'''==A fundamental theorum of Topology is that a "complete space" is composed of three regions. An interior, an exterior, and a boundary: S(Total) = S(interior) + S (interior) + S (Boundary). Further, If the Interior is Closed, the Exterior is Open, and vice-versa. By definition: An Open space is Hyperbolic (k=-1 or k<0)and a Closed Space is Circular or Ellyptical (k=+1 or k>0). Of course, a Flat space has Zero Curvature (k=0).=='''

'''==Although some astronomical observation to date indicate a "flatness" in our immediate observable region of space, it is asserted that space has degrees of curvature throughout in a global sense of any complete universe. In a Minkowski space, the boundary of the light cone has c=K. It is asserted once more that c>K outside of the light cone. By definition, outside the light cone is what I will call the "Godel Region" and is spacelike with the velocity of light, c>K. At velocities exceeding the speed of light, the arrow of time is reversed to the past as shown in Godel's proof.=='''

'''==Of particular interest in the CUT is the existence of a Boundary creating an intersection of positively curved and negatively curved space. By geometric analysis, this boundary can not be empty. A simple Minkowski diagram of a negatively curved space light cone (open) and a positively curved light cone (closed)both eminating from t=0 on the space axis, must intersect and create a non-empty region of space that is both timelike and spacelike. This intersection is the "gateway" for the flow of energy in and our of the timelike region into the spacelike region and vice-versa. I assert that Quasars and Black Holes are contained in this Intersection Region from the physical behavior and astronomical observations of their physical characteristics. This explains the flow of energy from a Black Hole and the re-entry phenomena of Quasar red shifts (v>c). I further assert that other astronomical objects will be discovered with future enhanced astronomical observation not technically possible today. As Einstein asserted, "The Universe is stranger than we can imagine".=='''

'''==I believe that the elegant solutions to cosmology are straightforward and simple, although very complex when particle physics is involved. However, the Global Universal Cosmological structure of the macrocosm is simply and elegantly described in the CUT presented here. I share the view of P.A.M. Dirac, with whom I had the privilege and honor to discuss CUT, that elegant mathematics ARE reality in the proper model. Like this great physicist, I believe in the minus sign as being significant to physics and cosmology. The Tao of Physics.=='''