User:Drewcaroline9/sandbox

Legio
The use of ground-penetrating radar allowed archaeologists to find objects at Legio without destroying any of the artifacts. This form of radar could detects items up to 2 meters below the surface, making it appropriate for the objects that were found at the military camp, Legio.

Sections:

History


 * Apart of a cluster of sites from the Bronze and Iron Age Tel-Megiddo
 * Found in modern day Israel
 * Due to its geography, the site was a key crossroad for trade and war throughout the Egyptian and Mesopotamian area
 * The site was a strong military hold that would house legionnaires
 * Roman military presence was primarily caused by civil unrest in the Roman province of Judaea.

Following the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-136CE), Legio VI Ferrata was stationed at Legio near Caparcotna… Legio was placed along Palestine’s Via Maris, a trade route linking Egypt with the northern empires of Syria, Anatola and Mesopotamia.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/311054?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

Archeological Method


 * Aerial photography, satellite imagery, and high-resolution lidar data hinted that the hill known as “el-Manach” contained traces of artificial or man made objects and structures.
 * 90 degree angles were seen on the north, south, and west sides of the hill as a result of long, linear depressions on the ground. This was found to be the outline and borders of the camp.
 * Ground-penetrating radar and additional electromagnetic techniques were used to uncover the site. Ground-penetrating radar involves a combination of antenna frequency and data-acquisition parameters to analyze what lies beneath the surface of many types of soil. This technique is able to cover a wide range in a relatively efficient time.
 * Petrographic data
 * Lithology

Findings


 * Altars with writings of dedication, possibly for deceased soldiers
 * Roof tiles with the name of the legion, common feature of architecture for Roman Barracks
 * Coins with countermarks
 * Traces of Roman roads, usually built by Roman soldiers as they traveled
 * Fragments of Roman Aqueducts, water for soldiers (Sub topic)
 * Decorative fibulae made of metal alloys

A study by Anistasia Shapiro was done on the Petrographic Examination of Tiles, Bricks and Mortar from Legio.(enter citation) In Area B, ceramic tiles, tegulae roof tiles and square floor tiles, as well as bricks were uncovered. Eight tiles and two bricks were discovered bearing Roman legion stamps. Upon further analysis of these fragments, petrographic examinations indicate that all the sampled items are part of a homogeneous petrographic group. This matrix consists of calcareous fossiliferous clay containing some tiny, opaque stains of iron oxide and a small amount of silt, which comprises basalt-derived minerals. Some of the microfossils have ferric or silica filling. Others being completely vitrified. Non-plastic material also makes up for about 2-18% of the volume of tegulae. This includes larger and smaller forms of basalt, quartz, chalk, fossil shells, and terra rosa.

Link for citation: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/54934189/Legio_Roof_Tiles_Petrography.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DPetrographic_Examination_of_Tiles_Bricks.pdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%2F20191110%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20191110T194643Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=c90c7f2e7c9b8807308f6b5a4b99377f3e5186b189003b9eb6b7a3a8603f6874