User:Drift chambers/Bernd Bergel

Bernd Bergel

Born on 24 Nov. 1909 Hohensalza today (Posen) / Inowrocław, Germany / Poland, died on 2 March 1967 in Tel Aviv, Israel, composer.

Biography

Bernd Bergel was born on 24 Nov.1909 in Hohensalza today (Posen), the youngest of three children. His parents were the doctor and medical researcher Salo Bergel and his wife, the poet Elfriede Bergel, nee Gronemann. Bernd Bergel spent the first years of his life in Hohensalza and - according to the vocation of his father in 1913 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute - in Berlin. He later took his first violin and piano lessons. Since the family atmosphere was marred by disputes between the parents, it meant music from the beginning was a way of retreating from the conflicts,during his school years,there were the first indications of the first anti-Semitic hostility emerging.

When only 14 years of age he composed Jacob's Dream a string quartet, which he submitted to the State Academic College of Music, to be examine. He was advised to take composition lessons. Bergel in 1924 departed the gymnasium. At the second attempt, he passed the entrance examination at the State Academic College of Music and studied there from 1926-1931 with Paul Hindemith, Walter Gmeindl and Julius Prüwer. As he reported later, this time, however, was not compositionally very productive. During his studies he participated in the radio test site, where amongst others, Walter Gronostay taught. This site was founded by the Berlin Radio Hour and has performed in association with the university. The aim was to develop an experiment tailored to the specific needs of radio and film music. Between April 1931 and March 1933 he participated in the masterclasses held in part by Arnold Schoenberg at the Prussian Academy of Arts ( GradenwitzP 1998, p. 328-340).

Bergel was at the beginning of the 1930s dwelling in a circle of people including Bertolt Brecht and Hanns Eisler. A resulting Nazis government,resulting in reprisals and he fled together with his sisters, ahead of the Jewish boycott on 1 Apr. 1933, via Switzerland to France. He failed to earn a living in Paris, he returned to Germany in 1934. Even though he was only 31 March 1937 because of paragraph 10 of the "First Regulation implementing the Reich Chamber of Culture Law" officially excluded from the Composers of the Reich Music Chamber and supported by a professional ban ( BAB BergelB ), succeeded him in previous years no longer appear in public or to publish. His former teacher Walter Gronostay, who worked from 1929 as head of the Berlin Radio Hour, helped him in this situation, when he commissioned works for radio and film, which, filed under his own name, including the scores for the films "Lady Windermere's Fan," "The last four of Santa Cruz" and "Savoy Hotel 217". This source of income dried up, as on 10 October 1937,Gronostay died unexpectedly. Since in this situation Bergel had no control over the use of his compositions, his music was also used for a film about the Nazi Party in Nuremberg. This caused Bergel to later be denounced as a Nazi sympathizer.

In January 1938, he managed to leave Germany and emigrate to Palestine, where his already exiled his sister Margaret, mother and brother, a lawyer and writer Sammy Gronemann were living. His other sister, Jenny went into exile, probably in the USA. His father had died in 1937. Bergel settled in Tel Aviv and was especially active in this city, but also in Haifa and a host of activities as a composer, conductor, choir director, pianist and music teacher. By March 1938 he accomplished already an evening of opera arias from Bizet's "Carmen" and Bedrich Smetana's "Bartered Bride" and in the same year a concert performance of Johann Strauss' "Die Fledermaus" ( LüheB 2007, p. 18-19) and was even asked to accompany on  piano. As a composer he was able to compose in all genres, and wrote under the pseudonym Dov Bargil, film music and popular pieces. Since Palestine was suffering from a general lack of performance materials, he also undertook to orchestrate new piano scores. He also worked as a music teacher at a youth home in the countryside and wrote musical plays for children and adolescents. During the Second World War Bergel worked as an auxiliary policeman for the British Army and took part in this role in guarding an airfield. After the end of World War II, he composed a series of orchestral and vocal works. As a result of excitement by Igor Markevitch composition of the mission led by Nicolas Nabokov "Congress for Cultural Freedom" in 1954 in his presence in Rome, his composition "Prayer of a man from the year 2100" was listed on his own texts. Encouraged, he began composing the opera "Ya'akov's Dream" about Richard Beer-Hofmann's eponymous biblical drama. He grabbed it back on a subject in which he had already employed as a youth in a string quartet, subtitled "Jacob's Dream." The first act of the opera in 1962 by the Radio Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Georg Singer premiered in Jerusalem. In 1963 he received the loud Peter Gradenwitz "freely tonal, highly dramatic and expressive" ( GradenwitzP 1998, p. 331) work the Angel Award presented to the city of Tel Aviv. The second act of the opera was not brought to the stage. An opera based on the suite has been listed by Bergel death. 1966 published Bergel in Tel Aviv in the self-published the autobiographical and philosophical treatise "On the sickness and recovery of the being or the second fall of man", subtitled "Draft of a hypothesis and its dialectical development of the metaphysical foundations of world events or Confessions of a Jewish musician in era underground nuclear core transmits divisions. " He had worked on this book for many years and spoke to others to his thinking, his own biography, and especially to disappointments in his life that he himself regarded as unsatisfactory and failed ( BergelB 1966 ). After a failed suicide attempt in May 1960 ( BergelB 1966, p. 612-619) Bernd Bergel died on 2 Tel Aviv in March 1967 in his apartment from a heart attack. Autograph manuscripts of his compositions are (partly in photocopy) in the Archive of Israeli Music at Tel Aviv University ( AoIM BergelB ) and the Jewish National and University Library in Jerusalem ( JNUL BergelB ). Main sources: BergelB 1966, RöderW / StraussHA 1983 , GradenwitzP 1998 , 1999 LüheB Personal Data

Principal name:	 Bergel, Bernd Other names:	 Bergel, Bernhard Bargil, Dov Bar-Gil, Dov Born:	 24th Nov. 1909 Hohensalza (Posen) / Inowrocław, Germany / today: Poland Died:	 2nd March 1967 Tel Aviv, Israel Mother:	 Elfride Bergel, born Gronemann (b. 1883 Danzig, d. 1958 Tel Aviv), poet, 1937 emigration to Palestine Father:	 Bergel Salo (born March 31, 1868 Hohensalza, d. 1937 Berlin), MD, physician, medical researcher, 1913 appeal to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin and later at the Institute of the University of Berlin pharmatologische ( WalkJ 1988 ) Siblings:	 Jenny Joseph, born Bergel (b. 1906, d. New York 1946), secretary, Marguerite Bergel (1908), university studies in 1933 he emigrated to Palestine in 1960 re-migration to Berlin Marriage / partnership:	 - Children:	 - Related:	 Uncle Sammy Gronemann (born March 21, 1875 Strasburg (West Prussia), died March 6, 1952 Tel Aviv), lawyer, writer, exiled in France in 1933, 1936 (in Palestine 1995-2003 KillyW / VierhausR ) First language:	 German? Religious affiliation:	 Jewish Nationality:	 German, British Mandate Palestine in 1938?, 1948 Israeli Burial:	 ? Occupations / activities

Overview:	 Composer Training / Education:	 Berlin High School, State Academic College of Music, studying with Paul Hindemith, Walter Gmeindl and Julius Prüwer , radio-point attempt, Prussian Academy of Arts, Master classes with Arnold Schoenberg Employment / participation / Founded: Radio / TV Berlin: radio test site Miscellaneous Palestine: Youth Center Memberships:	 Jewish Youth Club (Group Grunewald), Reich Music Chamber (the Composers, 1937 exclusion) Title / Awards: Awards 1952 performance recommendation of the Israel Philharmonic Competition for "Variations for Orchestra", 1963 Angel Award of the city of Tel Aviv for the opera "Ya'akov's Dream" Tracking / Exile

Reasons:	 "Racial" persecution Tags:	 Occupation limitation, denunciation, fleeing abroad, Jews, Reich Chamber of Culture, Zionism Country of exile:	 France, Palestine, Israel Stations: 1st Apr. 1933 Escape via Switzerland to France 1934 Return to Germany, wrote until his death in 1937 under the name Walter Gronostays 31st March 1937 Exclusion from the Composers of the Reich Music Chamber, disqualification as a composer 1938 Emigration to Palestine Works

Compositions

The information on the compositions Bernd Bergel in different sources are quite different, particularly with regard to dating. Autograph manuscripts of his compositions are found in the Archive of Israeli Music at Tel Aviv University ( AoIM BergelB ) and the Jewish National and University Library in Jerusalem ( JNUL BergelB ). 1 opera Prince nut cracker, Reinicke after fairy tale "The Princess root", fairy-tale opera, about 1921st The Golden Goose. Children's opera, 1940/frühe 1940s?. Ya'akov dream. Opera in two acts and a prologue, by Richard Beer-Hofmann Theatre, 1959-1961, Tel Aviv: Israeli Music Publications, 1962, UA: 1 Act, Jerusalem 1962nd Two vocal works Prayer of a man from the year 2100, for baritone, string trio, two pianos and organ, 1954, UA 8 Apr. 1954 Rome, Foro Italico. Songs from my mother, on verses from unpublished diaries of Elfride Bergel-Gronemann, cantata for mezzo-soprano and large orchestra, 1965/1966?. Five Yemenite Songs on Melodies, for baritone, cello and piano, nd Oriental five songs for baritone and piano, nd 3 piano works Youth Suite, Tel-Aviv: Israel Composers League Publications [1967]. 4 Chamber Music Jacob's dream. String Quartet, based on a play by Richard Beer-Hofmann, 1924. 5 orchestral works Concerto for two or three (?) Pianos, 1928. Concerto for Trombone and Orchestra, early 1930s. Two Movements for Strings, Tel Aviv: Israeli Music Publications, undated Variations for Orchestra, 1952. Ouverture Joyeuse, for orchestra, 195?. Divertimento for Orchestra, 1957, Tel Aviv: Israeli Music Publications, 1965. Serenade for string orchestra and grandmothers, Tel Aviv, Israel Composers League, 1959. Jacob's Dream Suite, 1966, Tel Aviv: Israeli Music Publications, undated Prelude for Youth Orchestra, 196?. Overture for Youth, nd 6 music for radio and film under the name Walter Gronostay (1934-1937) Lady Windermere's Fan, directed by Heinz Hilpert, Georg Witt-Film GmbH, 1935. The last four of Santa Cruz, directed by Werner Klingler, UFA, 1935/1936. Savoy Hotel 217, directed by Gustav Ucicky, UFA, 1936. Other entertainment and film music under the name Dov Bargil. Writings

Of the disease and recovery of the being or the second Fall. Design of a hypothesis and its dialectical development of the metaphysical foundations of world events or Confessions of a Jewish musician in an era underground nuclear core divisions, Tel Aviv: self-published, 1966. Swell

Archive

AoIM BergelB Archive of Israeli Music, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, http://www.tau.ac.il/ musarch ~ / : contains: manuscripts (copies) and printed music by Bernd Bergel (Dov Bargil). BAB BergelB Federal Archive, Berlin, http://www.bundesarchiv.de/ : contains: Bernd Reich Chamber of Culture Act of Bergel (Signed: Former BDC, RK R 2, Figure No. 2424-2426.). JNUL BergelB Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalem, http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/ : contains in the music department: Bernd Bergel (Dov Bargil) archive of manuscripts (Signed: Mus 195). Published Documents

BergelB 1966 Bernd Bergel: From the sickness and recovery of the being or the second Fall. Design of a hypothesis and its dialectical development of the metaphysical foundations of world events or Confessions of a Jewish musician in an era underground nuclear core divisions, Tel Aviv: self-published, 1966. NS Publications

BrücknerH / RockCM 1938 Judaism and music - with an ABC of Jewish and non-Aryan music solicitous, Hans Brückner, Christa Maria Rock (ed.), 3rd Edition, Munich: Brueckner, 1938 (1st edition 1935, 2nd edition, 1936, anti-Semitic publication). StengelT / GerigkH 1941 Encyclopedia of Jews in the music. With a title list of Jewish works. Compiled on behalf of the national leadership of the Nazi party based on official, party officially validated documentation, Theo Stengel and Herbert Gerigk (ed.), (= Publications of the Institute of the NSDAP for the Study of the Jewish Question, Part 2), Berlin: Bernhard Hahnefeld, 1941, ( 1st edition, 1940, anti-Semitic publication). Literature

Aurelius ArielyAM 1949 The Near and Middle East who's who. Volume 2: Who's who in the State of Israel, Alexander M. Aurelius Ariely (ed.), Tel Aviv Shoham's Press, [1949]. GradenwitzP 1996 Peter Gradenwitz: The Music of Israel. From the Biblical Era to Modern Times, 2 Ed, Portland (OR): Amadeus Press, 1996. GradenwitzP 1998 Peter Gradenwitz: Arnold Schoenberg and his apprentice. Berlin, 1925-1933, Vienna: Zsolnay, 1998. HeuerR 1981-1996 Bibliographia Judaica. List of Jewish writers German language, 4 vols, Renate Heuer (ed.), Munich, etc.: eg Kraus, 1981-1996. KillyW / VierhausR 1995-2003 German Biographical Encyclopedia, Walther Killy, Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.), 1st Edition, Munich: KG Sauer, 1995-2003. LüheB 1999 Barbara von der Lühe: The Emigration of German music makers in the British Mandate of Palestine. Their contribution to the development of the Israeli radio, opera and music education since 1933, Frankfurt am Main etc.: Lang, 1999. LüheB 2007 Barbara von der Lühe: Belcanto on Ivrit, in music and theater in the exile of the Nazi era. Review of the international conference at the Musicology Institute of the University of Hamburg 3 to 5 February 2005, Peter Petersen, Claudia Maurer Zenck (eds) (= music in the "Third Reich" and in exile, vol 12, Peter Petersen (ed.)), Hamburg: von Bockel, 2007, p. 9-34. RöderW / StraussHA 1983 Biographical Handbook of German emigration after 1933. International Biographical Dictionary of Central European emigres 1933-1945, 4 vols, Werner Röder, Herbert A. Strauss, Institute for Contemporary History in Munich (ed.), Munich, etc.: Saur, 1983. SternD 1970 Desider star: Works by Jewish writers in German. A Bio-Bibliography. D. On the occasion of B'nai B'rith-book exhibitions from 8.2.-22. 2.1970, Akademie der Künste in Berlin, from 15.3.-04.05.1970, Munich City Museum, as well as for shows in Dusseldorf, Hamburg, etc. 1970/71., 3 Ed, [Munich]: B'nai B'rith, 1970. TraberH / Weingarten 1987 Suppressed Music. Berlin composers in exile, Habakuk Traber, Elmar Weingarten (ed.), Berliner Festspiele, Berlin: Argon, 1987. WalkJ 1988 Joseph Walk: a short biography on the history of the Jews: 1918-1945, Leo Baeck Institute Jerusalem (ed.), Munich: Saur, 1988. Left

30th Jan. 2007) World Biographical Information System IDs

LCNAF - Library of Congress http://errol.oclc.org/laf/n 88680359.html VIAF - Virtual International Authority File http://viaf.org/viaf/1596255 Permanent URL in LexM http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00001674 Sophie Fetthauer (2010, updated on June 14, 2010) http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00001674 Bernd Bergel ( November 24 1909 in Hohensalza ; † March 2nd 1967 in Tel Aviv ; pseudonym: Dov Bargil ) was an Israeli composer of German origin. ... He was born in 1909 to Jewish parents in the Prussian Hohensalza in Poznan. Received when his father, a physician and scientist, in 1913 a professorship in Berlin, the family moved there. Bernd Bergel learned early rising of the violin and piano and began composing. After graduation in 1924 he studied composition and conducting at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Berlin. At the "radio test site", which was founded by radio and was affiliated with the University, Paul Hindemith, one of his teachers. 1931-1933 he studied composition in the class of Arnold Schoenberg at the Prussian Academy of Arts. During this time, was his Concerto for Trombone and Orchestra of the Berlin Philharmonic under Helmut Koch premiered. On 1 April 1933, the day of the first official boycott of Jewish businesses, he went to Paris. Since he did in the French capital but failed to take professional foot, he returned a year later returned to Berlin with his parents. It succeeded the Schoenberg pupil Walter Gronostay him lucrative commissions for radio and music to convey. Gronostay Bergel filed a commissioned work under his own name. Sun Bergel composed for example the music for the films Lady Windermere's Fan, The last four of Santa Cruz and Savoy Hotel 217 , which were officially compositions Walter Gronostays. [1] In this way, it even came to that film music from the pen of the Jewish composer Bernd Bergel for a Nazi propaganda film was used. [2] After Gronostays untimely death on 10 October 1937 saw himself deprived of his livelihood Bergel in Germany and emigrated to Palestine, which was then still a British mandate territory. There he worked as a composer, pianist and conductor. He also worked for nearly thirty years on a philosophical book. It appeared in 1966 in Tel Aviv under the title of the illness and recovery of what is, or the second Fall: Design of a hypothesis and its dialectical development of the metaphysical foundations of world events. These "confessions of a Jewish musician in an era underground nuclear divisions" (Subtitles), he dedicated "to the idiots, botched want with their lives not cope, do not participate or can with what is done today by people on the planet" - and he added: "Perhaps they are the vanguard of a future humanity." [3] As a compositional masterpiece is his two-act opera Bergel Jacob's dream recognize their freely tonal and expressive musical language makes the influence of Schoenberg. Besides atonal art music but also wrote Bergel folkloric "utility music", humorous works such as the Serenade for string orchestra and grandmothers and effective concert music lighter character, including a popular orchestras in Divertimento for Small Orchestra.

Works
(selection)

Opera The root of Princess (1921) The Golden Goose (1940) Jacob's Dream (1958-62) Orchestral works Concerto for Three Pianos (1928) Concerto for Trombone and Orchestra (1932) Variations for Orchestra (1951) Divertimento for Small Orchestra (1957) Two Movements for Strings (1963) Ouverture Joyeuse Prelude for Youth Orchestra Suite from Jacob's dream Serenade for string orchestra and grandmothers Chamber music String Quartet "Jacob's Dream" (1924) Vocal works Prayer of a man from the year 2100, for baritone, string trio, two pianos and organ (1954) From the songs of my mother, cantata for mezzo-soprano and large orchestra (1966) Songs after Yemeni melodies Five Oriental songs Film music under the pseudonym Walter Gronostay Lady Windermere's Fan The last four of Santa Cruz Savoy Hotel 217 Literature

Habakuk Traber, Elmar Weingarten (Eds.): Repressed music. Berlin composer in exile. Argon-Verlag, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-87024-118-7 217th, S. Peter Gradenwitz : Arnold Schoenberg and his apprentice. Berlin 1925-1933. Zsolnay, Wien 1998, ISBN 3-552-04899-5, p. 328-340. Web Links

Portrait photograph and short biography External links

↑ H. Traber and E. Weingarten (Eds.): Suppressed Music, Berlin 1987, p. 217 ↑ Peter Gradenwitz: Arnold Schoenberg and his protégé, Vienna 1998, p. 335 ↑ Peter Gradenwitz: Arnold Schoenberg and his protégé, p. 328 and 337; as well: The National Library of Israel (online catalog).