User:Duocn/sandbox/draft the Rudolph Koenig

Karl Rudolph Koenig (German: Rudolf Koenig; 26 November 1832 – 2 October 1901) was born in Königsberg of Prussia. Koenig was a businessman, instrument maker, and German physicist, chiefly concerned with acoustic phenomena. He was best-known for designing and building acoustical instruments such as the Tuning fork and Sound Analyser.

Family and personal life
Karl Rudolph Koening was born on November 26, 1832 a decedent of a prominent Königsberg family. Koenig was raised along with his three sisters by his mother: Mathilde (Preuss) Koenig, who came from a craftsman and musical family background. And his father Johann Friedrich Koenig, a professor of mathematics and physics who had studied under the famous Friedrich Bessel. In 1851, Koenig moved to paris, living in an apartment along the Île Saint-Louis. He lived alone and was never married.

Education
A majority of Koenig’s education was in primary schooling and had little education past the high school level. His primary education was typical of the time period. The extent of his formal education was completed in his hometown where his father was among the faculty. Early on it was clear that Rudolph Koenig had a keen ear for music and a good sense toward art and literature. Despite being adept in the arts, Rudolph began to study physics and mathematics on his own in his form of secondary education. His focus in his early years of study was on tone and Psychoacoustics. Eventually, he turned to focus more on Mechanics and Physics. In 1968, he was awarded an honorary doctorate at the University of Koenigsberg.

Career
Karl Rudolph Koenig was known to be a great craftsman, but a lesser known interest of his was physics. Sound became a major fascination of his. So much so, that he spent a large amount of time and money doing research on acoustics. Early on in life, he took a position as an apprentice in a violin maker workshop of Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume, fueling his interest in acoustic science. Koenig spent seven years working under Vuillaume until 1858 when he started his own business.

The business started in his apartment which consisted of a living room, bedroom, and a workshop along with the laboratory. It was a small and quiet place where Koenig was able to combine his love for music and science. He would spend most of his free time and money on this same passion. In 1861, Koenig grasped an opportunity to expand and moved his business to Lycée Louis-le-Grand.

The business employed about three workers, however Koenig made most of the instruments. Koenig was a meticulous worker and personally checked and tuned every instrument that was produced. He was well known in his time to make near perfect instrumentation of high quality.

Although Koenig's lab and workshop were in a quiet place, this did not stop scientists and many other people such as Dayton C. Miller from coming to visit.

Products
Karl Rudolph Koenig produced a variety of devices and acoustic instruments. These devices and instruments include a sound analyzer, tuning forks, double risen, wave machines, resonators, devices for sound visualization, and obtaining ultrasonic frequencies etc.

One of Koenig's more interesting devices was a watch with the escapement consisting of a tuning fork that could calibrate the main frequencies of any sound. This apparatus helped Koenig establish the frequencies of musical tones and allowed him to build a musical scale.

Another apparatus was a phonograph which could collect sounds by means of a pavilion. It could automatically record them in a rotating cylinder by means of a point. Some years later, Thomas Edison developed this device to build the Phonograph known today.

Among many other products, Koenig also built measuring instruments which were comprised of resonators. He also authored various works on limits of hearing, the physical characterization of vowels and the combination of tones.

Timeline
In 1859, Koenig both published his first catalog, and inverted the phonograph which would play a crucial role for the graphical analysis of sound.

Around 1860, along with Hermann von Helmholtz, Rudolph Koenig worked to devise an electronically controlled sound. After this, Koenig became the main maker and seller of Helmholtz's instruments.

Two years following this in 1862, he began to exhibit the manometric flame apparatus for the first time in London.

In 1865,  Koenig published his second catalogue, and was awarded a gold medal from the Societe d'Encouragement pOllr l'lndustrie ntuionale for the use of his instruments in working with the study of acoustics.

In 1867, his apparatus collection was exhibited in Paris. After few exhibitions, many of Koenig's products began to be sold internationally.

In 1868 he presented all his catalog at the Paris universal exhibition where about 70% of his production was sold.

His wave-sirens as well as most of his other products were shown at Philadelphia exhibition in 1876.

Expanding into the United States was met with difficulties. Koenig's expectations for the expansion of his business was not working as he had hoped. He did have some help from his customers, but was not pleased with the results. This led to Koenig having to travel to America in order to retrieve his leftover products and bring them back. It was decided to no longer take part in the exhibition.

Following all of this he started to do more research, write many scientific articles and improve upon his instruments.

In 1882 Koenig published Quelques expériences d’acoustique which was his book over research of scientific works.

After his death in 1901, some of Koenig's equipment was sent and is now maintained in Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, Paris.

Review by K8shep (talk) 15:36, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
1. What does the article do well? Is there anything from your review that impressed you? Any turn of phrase that described the subject in a clear way? The article needs a lot of work--there should be some narrative flow and make sure things are added and work in a cohesive manner.

2. What changes would you suggest the author apply to the article? Why would those changes be an improvement? Add notable and note-worthy things here. More about his life itself, more about his work in many areas. You'd need to add much more than just some of his products.

3. What's the most important thing the author could do to improve the article? Make it clear what you're adding--what is your plan? I don't really see one yet.