User:Dvdwchn/San Joaquin pocket mouse

The San Joaquin pocket mouse or Salinas pocket mouse (Perognathus inornatus) is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is endemic to California in the United States where it lives in desert and semi-desert habitats.

Description
Pocket mice can be distinguished from similar small rodents by their externally opening fur-lined cheek pouches. They differ from kangaroo mice in not having the soles of the feet entirely covered in fur. Kangaroo rats have fur-lined pockets, but they are larger, and have a dark stripe across the hips and dark stripes on both the top and bottom surfaces of the tail. '''This type of pocket mouse is most easily identifiable by its smooth fur and unique pinkish and brown/black hairs on the top of the mouse or its dorsal pelage. [4] Though the bottom of the mice’s feet has little to no hairs, the bottom of the mouse (ventral pelage) is covered with silky white hairs. [5] '''

The San Joaquin pocket mouse has a total length of about 128 to 160 mm, including a tail of 65 to 78 mm. The tail has a short tuft of hairs at its tip. The fur on the head and body is short and soft, without spines or bristles. The colour is buff, and there is sometimes a pale patch at the base of the small rounded ears. The tail is identically coloured on its upper and lower surfaces. '''The male pocket mice are much larger than the female mice with the torso, tail, feet, and head all much broader than its female counterparts. Both male and female mice have similar coloring and fur texture however the male mice have been described to secrete the odor some would describe as “buttered popcorn”. [5] '''

Distribution
This pocket mouse is endemic to California in the United States. '''Its primary habitat is the grassy and desert areas of the state as their main form of habitat are regions with high amounts of uncultivated soil and sand-- hence receiving the name "San Joaquin" from its valley-like environment. [4] ''' It is found in the Tehachapi Mountains and the lower slopes of the western Sierra Nevada at elevations of up to 600 m. It also occurs in the upper Sacramento Valley, the San Joaquin Valley and the Salinas Valley, and southwards to the Mojave Desert. It occurs in the "Upper Sonoran life zone", characterized by grassland and semi-desert vegetation, and the "Lower Sonoran life zone", hot desert with creosote bush and Joshua tree.

Ecology
The San Joaquin pocket mouse feeds on seeds of grasses and various plants, carrying them back to its burrow in its cheek pouches. It may also eat soft-bodied invertebrates. It stores seeds surplus to its immediate requirements in chambers in the burrow for use at times of year when food is scarce. It may become torpid in winter. Breeding takes place between March and July, and there may be two or more litters of four to six young per year.

Status
P. inornatus has a wide range and is common in suitable habitats within that range. It seems to be secure within its range, and no particular threats have been identified except in the north, where agricultural development is destroying and fragmenting its habitat. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed its conservation status as being of "least concern". '''Because of gas and oil development as well as expansion of agriculture in San Joaquin Valley, the mice populating this region has been negatively impacted as their habitat continually shrinks. Though its difficult to quantify the decline, the production of oil and increase in activity harms the natural environment and disturbs not just the San Joaquin pocket mice but also all other species endemic to this region. [6] '''