User:DylanNOYES/sandbox

Greek and Latin roots in English

A

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples ab-, a-, abs-	away	Latin	ab "away"	abnormal, abrasion, absent, abstain, abstract, aversion ac-	sharp or pointed	Latin	acere	acupuncture acid-	sour or acid	Latin	acidus	acidosis acu-	sharp	Latin	acutus, past participle of acuere "to sharpen", from acus "needle"	acupuncture, acute, acutifoliate acr(i)-	sharp, pungent, bitter	Latin	acer, acris	acrid, acrimony acr(o)-	height, summit, tip	Greek	ἄκρος (ákros) "high", "extreme"	acrobatics, acromegaly, acronym, acrophobia, ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-	movement to or toward; in addition to	Latin	ad "to", "toward"	accept, adapt, affect, approximate, ascend adip-	fat	Latin	adeps, adipis "fat"	adipose aer-, aero-	air, atmosphere	Greek	ἀήρ (aer) "air"	aeronautics, aerosol aesthet-	feeling, sensation	Greek	aisthētikos "of sense perception" from αἰσθάνεσθαι (aisthanesthai) "to perceive"	aesthetics, anaesthetic agri-, -egri-	field	Latin	ager, agris "field, country"	agriculture, peregrine agro-	field	Greek	ἀγρός (agros) "field"	agronomy alb-	dull white	Latin	albus	albedo, albino, albumen am-, amat-, amor-	love, loved	Latin	amor "love" from amāre "to love"	amateur, amorous ambi-	both, on both sides	Latin	ambi "on both sides"	ambidexterity, ambivalent amic-, -imic-	friend	Latin	amicus	amicable, inimical amphi-	around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds	Greek	ἀμφί amphi "on both sides"	amphibian, amphibolic ampl-	ample	Latin	amplus	amplification an-, a-	not, without	Greek	Greek ἀν-/ἀ- "not"	anhydrous, atypical ana-, an-	again, against, back, up	Greek	from Greek prefix ἀνά- ana- "again", "against"	anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anion, anode andro-	male, masculine	Greek	ἀνδρός andros	androgen, android anemo-	wind	Greek	ἄνεμος anemos	anemometer anima-	breath	Latin	anima "breath"	animal, animation ann-, -enn-	year, yearly	Latin	annus "year"	anniversary, annual, biannual, millennium ant-, anti-	against, opposed to, preventive	Greek	ἀντί anti "against"	antagonist, antibiotic, antipodes ante-, anti-	before, in front of, prior to	Latin	ante "before", "against"	antebellum, antediluvian, anticipate, antiquarian anth-, antho-	flower	Greek	ἄνθος anthos "flower"	anther, anthology anthropo-	human	Greek	ἄνθρωπος anthropos "man"	anthropology, anthropomorphic apo-	away from, separate, at the farthest point	Greek	ἀπό apo "from, away, un-, quite"	apocrine, apogee, apostasy aqu-	water	Latin	aqua	aquamarine, aquarium, aqueduct, aquifer ar-	plow, till	Latin	ărāre	arable ar-	be dry	Latin	ārēre "be dry or parched"	arid arche-, archi-	ruler	Greek	ἀρχή arche "rule" (in compounds: ἀρχε-, ἀρχι-)	archangel, archetype archaeo-, archeo-	ancient	Greek	ἀρχαῖος arkhaios "ancient" from arkhē "beginning"	archaeology or archeology, archaic arct(o)-	Relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to cold; used as the scientific name of some bear species, e.g. Ursus arctos horribilis	Greek	ἄρκτος arktos "bear"	Arctic Ocean argent-	silver	Latin	argentum	argent, Argentina arist(o)-	excellence	Greek	ἀρετή, ἄριστος arete, aristos	aristocracy arthr(o)-	joint	Greek	ἄρθρον arthron	arthritis, arthropod astr-, astro-	star, star-shaped	Greek	ἄστρον astron "star"	asterisk, astrology, astronomy, disaster athl-	prize	Greek	ἄθλος athlos "contest, feat"	athlete, pentathlon aud(i)-	hearing, listening, sound	Latin	audire "to hear"	auditorium, auditory, audible aug-, auct-	grow, increase	Latin	augēre, auctus "to increase"	augmentation aur-	relating to gold, or gold-colored	Latin	aurum "gold"	aureate, aureole auri-	relating to the ear	Latin	auris "ear"	auricle[disambiguation needed ] aut-, auto-	self; directed from within	Greek	αὐτός (autos) "self", "same"	automobile, autonomy, autograph avi-	bird	Latin	avis	aviary, aviation axi-	axis	Latin	axis	axisymmetry axio-	merit	Greek	ἄξιος (axios) "worth"	axiology [edit]B

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples bac-	rod-shaped	Latin	from baculum "rod"	bacilla, bacteria baro-	weight, pressure	Greek	βάρος (baros)	barograph, barometer, baroreceptor basi-	at the bottom	Greek	from βαίνω, I walk, march, βάσις "step"	basic, basis bathy-, batho-	deep, depth	Greek	βαθύς (bathús, bathýs)	batholith, bathyscaphe be-, beat-	bless	Latin	beare, beatus	beatification bell(i)-	war	Latin	bellum, belli	antebellum, bellicose, belligerent ben-	good, well	Latin	bene (adverb)	benefit, benignity bi-	two	Latin	bis, "twice"; bini, "in twos"	binary, binoculars, bigamy, biscotti bib-	drink	Latin	bibere, bibitus	imbibe bibl-	book	Greek	βιβλίον (biblíon) "book"	bible, bibliography bi(o)-	life	Greek	βίος (bíos) "life"	biography, biology, biologist, biosphere, bioluminescent blenn(o)-	slime	Greek	βλέννος (blennos)	blennophobia, blennosperma blast-	germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus	Greek	βλασταίνω (blastainō), "I put forth shoots"	blastula, fibroblast, osteoblast, sideroblast bon(i)-	good	Latin	bonus	bonify, bonitary bor-	north	Greek / Latin (boreas)	Greek βορρᾶς (borras) "the north wind"	borealis botan-	plant	Greek	βοτάνη, βότανον (botanē, botanon)	botany bov-	cow, ox	Latin	bos, bovis	bovine brachi(o)-	arm	Greek	βραχίων (brakhíōn)	brachial artery, brachiosaurus brachy-	short	Greek	βραχύς (brakhús, brakhýs)	brachydactyly brady-	slow	Greek	βραδύς (bradús, bradýs)	bradycardia branchi-	gill	Greek	βράγχιον (brágkhion, bránkhion)	branchiopod, nudibranch brev(i)-	brief, short (time)	Latin	brevis, breviare	abbreviation, brevity briz-	nod, slumber	Greek	βρίζω (brizō) brom-	oats	Greek	βρόμος, βρόμη (brómos, bróme) "oats"	Bromus ramosus brom-	stench	Greek	βρόμος (brómos) "stench, clangor"	bromide bronch-	windpipe	Greek	βρόγχος (brógkhos, brónkhos)	bronchitis, bronchus, bronchiole bront-	thunder	Greek	βροντή (brontē)	Brontosaurus bucc-	cheek, mouth, cavity	Latin	bucca	buccal, buccinator muscle bulb-	bulbous	Latin	bulbus	bulbous, bulbule bull-	bubble, flask	Latin	bulla, "bubble"	ebullient, ebullism burs-	pouch, purse	Latin	bursa	bursa, bursar, bursary, disburse [edit]C

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples cac(o)-	bad	Greek	κακός (kakos)	cacophony cad-, -cid-, cas-	fall	Latin	cadere, casus	accident, cadence, case caed-, -cid-, caes-, -cis-	cut	Latin	caedere, caesus	caesura, incisor calc-	stone	Latin and Greek	from Latin calx "lime", and from Greek χάλιξ (khalix) "pebble" "limestone"	calcite, calcium, calculus calli-	beautiful	Greek	from Greek κάλλος kallos "beauty"	calligraphy calor-	heat	Latin	calor "heat"	calorie calyp-	cover	Greek	καλύπτειν (kaluptein)	apocalypse camer-	vault	Latin	camera	bicameral, camera camp-	field	Latin	campus "field", "level ground"	champion, campaign can(i)-	dog	Latin	canis	canine, Canis Major can-, -cin-, cant-	sing	Latin	canere	cantata, canto, cantor cand-	glowing, iridescent	Latin	candere "to be white or glisten"	candela, candid, candle, incandescent cap-, -cip-, capt-, -cept-	hold, take	Latin	capere, captus "take or hold" (note the vowel change from a to i in compounds)	capture, captive, conception, recipient capit-, -cipit-	head	Latin	caput, capitis "head"	capital, decapitation, precipitation capr-	goat	Latin	caper, capri	Capricorn, caprine caps-	box, case	Latin	capsa	capsule carbo-	coal	Latin	carbo, carbonis	carbon carcer-	jail	Latin	carcer, carcerare	incarceration carcin-	cancer (disease)	Latin from Greek	Latin from Greek καρκίνος (karkinos) "crab"	carcinogenic, carcinoma cardi(o)-	relating to the heart	Greek	καρδιά kardia "heart"	cardiograph, cardiology cardin-	hinge	Latin	cardo, cardinis	cardinal carn-	flesh	Latin	caro, carnis	carnal, carnival, carnivore carp(o)-	relating to fruit	Greek	from Greek καρπός (karpos) "fruit"	carpology carp-	relating to the wrist	Greek	from Greek καρπός (karpos) "wrist"	carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome cata-, cat-	down	Greek	from Greek κατά (katá) "down", κάθοδος (kathodos) "descent" or "way down"	catabolic, catalyst, catastrophe, catatonia, cathode, cation caten-	chain	Latin	catena	catenary, concatenation cathar-	pure	Greek	καθαρός (katharos)	catharsis caud-	tail	Latin	cauda	caudal caus-, -cus-	cause or motive	Latin	causa	causitive cav-	hollow	Latin	cavus "hollow"	cave, cavity, excavation ced-, cess-	go	Latin	cedere, cessus	procession, recede, secede celer-	quick	Latin	celer, celerare	acceleration, celerity cen(o)-	new	Greek	καινός (kainos)	Cenozoic cen(o)-	empty	Greek	κενός (kenos)	cenotaph cens-		Latin	censere "to estimate"	census cent-	hundred	Latin	centum	cent, centennial, centurion centen-	hundred each	Latin	centeni	centenary centesim-	hundredth	Latin	centesimus	centesimal, centesimation centr-	center	Greek	κέντρον (kéntron) "needle", "spur"	eccentric cephalo-	head	Greek	κεφαλή kephale	cephalic, cephalopod, encephalogram ceram-	clay	Greek	κέραμος (keramos)	ceramic cerat-	horn	Greek	κέρας, κέρατος (keras, keratos) "horn"	keratin cern-	sift	Latin	cernere	discern, secern cervic-	relating to the neck, relating to the cervix	Latin	cervix, cervicis "neck"	cervix, cervical ceter-	other	Latin	ceterus	et cetera chiro-	of the hand or hands	Greek	χείρ kheir "hand"	chiroptera, chiropractic, chiral chelono-	relating to a turtle	Greek	χελώνη khelone "tortoise"	chelonia chloro-	green	Greek	from Greek χλωρός khlōros "green"	chlorine, chlorophyll, chloroplast choreo-	relating to dance	Greek	from Greek χορεία khoreia "dancing in unison" from χορός khoros "chorus"	choreography chord-	cord	Latin and Greek	chorda "rope" from χορδή (chordē)	chordata chrom-	color	Greek	χρῶμα chrōma "color"	chromosome, chromium chron-	time	Greek	χρόνος chronos	chronic, chronometer, chronology chryso-	gold	Greek	χρυσός khrusos "gold"	chrysolite cili-	eyelash	Latin	cilium	cilia cine-	motion	Greek	κινέω (kineo)	cinema ciner-	ash	Latin	cinis, cineris	incineration cing-, cinct-	gird	Latin	cingere, cinctus	succinct circ-	circle	Latin	circus	circus circum-	around	Latin	circum "around"	circumference, circumcise, circumnavigate, circumlocution cirr-	orange	Greek	κιρρός (kirros)	cirrhosis cirr-	curl, tentacle	Latin	cirrus	cirrus civ-	citizen	Latin	civis	civility clad-	branch	Greek	κλάδος (klados)	clade clar-	clear	Latin	clarus, clarare	clarity, declaration clast-	broken	Greek	κλαστός (klastos)	iconoclast, osteoclast claud-, -clud-, claus-, -clus-	close	Latin	claudere, clausus	clause, exclusion, include clav-	key	Greek	from Greek κλείς kleis "key" from κλείειν, kleiein "to close"	conclave, clavicle cl(e)ist-	closed	Greek	κλειστός kleistos cleithr-	bar, key	Greek clement-	mild	Latin	clemens, clementis	clemency, inclement clin-	bed, lean, recline	Latin	-clinare	declination, inclined cochl-	shell	Greek	κόχλος (kochlos)	cochlea coel-	hollow	Greek	κοῖλος (koilos)	spongocoel, coelom, blastocoel cogn-	know	Latin	cognoscere	cognitive, cognizant, recognize col-	strain	Latin	colare, colum	colander coll-	hill	Latin	collis coll-	neck	Latin	collum	collar color-	color	Latin	color	coloration, coloratura, tricolor con-, co-, col-, com-, cor-	with, together	Latin	cum	coagulate, collide, compress, connect, contain, corrode condi-	season	Latin	condire	condiment con(o)-	cone	Greek	κῶνος (konos)	conic, conical, conoid contra-	against	Latin	contra	contradict ("say against"), contrast copro-	dung	Greek	κόπρος (kopros)	coprolite, coprophagia, coprophilia corac-	raven	Greek	κόραξ, κόρακος (korax, korakos)	coracoid cord-	heart	Latin	cor, cordis	accord, cordial corn-	horn	Latin	cornu	cornea, cornucopia, unicorn coron-	crown	Latin	corona, coronare	corona, coronation corpor-	body	Latin	corpus, corporis	corporation, corpse, corpuscle cortic-	bark	Latin	cortex, corticis	corticosteriod cosm(o)-	universe	Greek	κόσμος (kosmos)	cosmonaut, cosmic cosmet(o)-		Greek	κοσμητ- (kosmet-)	cosmetics, cosmetology cost-	rib	Latin	costa	costal cotyl-	cup	Greek	κοτύλη (kotulē)	cotyledon -cracy, -crat	government, rule, authority	Greek	κράτος (kratos)	democracy crani-	skull	Greek	κρανίον (kranion)	cranium crass-	thick	Latin	crassus	crassitude cre-	make	Latin	creare, creatus	creation, creature cred-	believe, trust	Latin	credere, creditus	credentials, credibility, creditor, incredible crep-	boot, shoe	Greek	κρηπίς, κρηπίδος (krēpis, krēpidos) cribr-	sieve	Latin	cribrum, cribrare	cribble, cribrate ring	Greek	κρίκος (krikos) cris-, crit-	judge	Greek	κρίσις (crisis)	crisis, critic crisp-	curled	Latin	crispus	crispate crist-	crest	Latin	crista	cristate cross(o)-	fringe, tassel	Greek	κροσσός (krossos) cruc(i)-	cross	Latin	crux, crucis	crucial, crucifix, crucify, excruciating crur(i)-	leg, shank	Latin	crus, cruris	crural crypt-	hidden	Greek	κρυπτός (kruptos)	cryptic, cryptography cten(o)-	comb	Greek	κτείς, κτενός (kteis, ktenos)	ctenophore cub-	cube	Greek	κύβος (kubos)	cubic, cuboid cub-	lie	Latin	cubare	incubation, succuba culin-	kitchen	Latin	culina	culinary culp-	blame, fault	Latin	culpa	culpable, exculpate cune-	wedge	Latin	cuneus	cuneiform curr-, curs-	run	Latin	currere, cursus	concurrent, current, cursive, recursion curv-	bent	Latin	curvus	curvature cuspid-	lance, point	Latin	cuspis, cuspidis	bicuspid cut(i)-	skin	Latin	cutis	cuticle cyan-	blue	Greek	κυανός (kuanos)	cyanide cycl(o)-	circular	Greek	κύκλος (kuklos)	bicycle, cycle, cyclone cylind-	roll	Greek	κύλινδρος (kulindros)	cylinder cyn(o)-	dog	Greek	κύων, κυνός (kuōn, kunos)	cynosure cyst-	capsule	Greek	κύστις (kustis)	cystic cyt(o)-	cell	Greek	κύτος (kutos)	cytoplasm, cnidocyte [edit]D

Root	Meaning In English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples dactyl-	finger, toe, digit	Greek	δάκτυλος (daktulos)	dactylology, pterodactyl damn-, -demn-	to inflict loss upon	Latin	damnāre	condemn, damnation de-	from, away from, removing, down	Latin	dē	delete[disambiguation needed ], demented deb-	owe	Latin	debere, debitus	debit deca-, dec-, deka-, dek-	ten	Greek	δέκα deka, ten	decagram, decahedron decim-	tenth part	Latin	decimus, tenth; from decem, ten	decimal, decimate delt-		Greek	δέλτα (delta)	deltoid dem-, demo-	people	Greek	δῆμος (dēmos)	demagogue, democracy den-	ten each	Latin	deni	denarius, denary dendr-, dendro-	resembling a tree	Greek	δένδρον (dendron): akin to δρύς, drys, "tree"	dendrite dens-	thick	Latin	densus	condense, density dent-	tooth	Latin	dens, dentis	dental, dentifrice, dentures derm-	skin	Greek	δέρμα (derma)	dermis, epidermis, hypodermic deuter-	second	Greek	δεύτερος (deuteros)	Deuteronomy, deuterostome dexter-	right	Latin	dexter	dexterity dextro-	right	Greek	δεξ-, right	dextrose di-	two	Greek	δι	dicot, diode, dipole dia-	apart, through	Greek	διά (dia)	dialysis, diameter, diagram dict-	say, speak	Latin	dicere, dictus	contradict, dictation, dictionary, edict, predict, dictate digit-	finger	Latin	digitus	digital dino-	terrible, fearfully great	Greek	δεινός (deinos)	dinosaur dipl-	double; twofold	Greek	διπλός (diplos)	diploid, diplosis doc-, doct-	teach	Latin	docere, doctus	docile, doctor dodec-	twelve	Greek	δώδεκα (dodeka)	dodecasyllabic dogmat-, dox-	opinion, tenet	Greek	δόξα	dogmatic, orthodox dom-	house	Latin	domus	dome dorm-	sleep	Latin	dormire	dormant, dormitory dors-	back	Latin	dorsum	dorsal du-	two	Latin	duo	dual dub-	doubtful	Latin	dubius	dubious duc-, duct-	lead	Latin	dux, ducis	abduction, conductor, introduction, production, reduction, deduction dulc-	sweet	Latin	dulcis dur-	hard	Latin	durus	durable, duration, duress, endure, obdurate dy-	two	Greek	δυο (duo)	dyad dynam-	power	Greek	δύναμη (dunamē)	dynamism, dynasty, dynamite dys-	badly, ill	Greek	δυσ-	dysentery, dysplasia, dystrophy [edit]E

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples ec-	out	Greek	ἐκ (ek)	eccentric eco-	house	Greek	οἶκος (oikos)	ecology, economics, ecumenism ecto-	outside	Greek	ἐκτός (ektos)	ectoderm ed-, es-	eat	Latin	edere, esus	edible ego-	self, I (first person)	Latin, Greek	ego, ἐγώ	egocentric ego-, eg-	goat	Greek	αἴξ (aix)	egophony em-, empt-	buy	Latin	emere, emptus	exemption, redeem eme-	vomit	Greek	ἔμετος (emetos)	emetic emul-	striving to equal, rivaling	Latin	aemulus, aemulare	emulator en-, em-	in	Greek	ἐν (en)	emphasis endo-	inside	Greek	ἔνδον (endon)	endocrine engy-	narrow	Greek	ἐγγύς (engys) ennea-	nine	Greek	ἐννέα (ennea)	ennead, enneagon ens-	sword	Latin	ensis eo-, eos-, eoso-	dawn, east	Greek	Ἠώς/Ἕως	Eocene epi-, ep-	upon	Greek	ἐπί (epi)	epicenter, epoch epistem-	knowledge or science	Greek	ἐπιστήμη (epistēmē)	epistemic equ-, -iqu-	even, level	Latin	aequus	equal, equivalence equ-	horse	Latin	equus	Equestrian erg-	work	Greek	έργον (ergon)	ergonomics err-	stray	Latin	errare	aberration, errant erythr(o)-	red	Greek	ἐρυθρός (eruthros)	erythrocyte eso-	within	Greek	ἔσω (esō)	esoteric etho-, eth-, ethi-	custom, habit	Greek	ἦθος (ēthos)	ethology ethm-	sieve	Greek	ἠθμός (hethmos); ἤθειν (hethein)	ethmoid ethn-	people, race, tribe, nation	Greek	ἔθνος (ethnos)	ethnic, ethnarch etym(o)-	true	Greek	ἔτυμος (etumos)	etymology eu-	well, good	Greek	εὖ (eu)	euphoria, euthanasia eur-	wide	Greek	εὐρύς (eurus)	Europe ex-, e-, ef-	from, out	Latin	ex	exclude, extrude, extend exo-	outside	Greek	ἔξω	exothermic, exoskeleton exter-, extra-	outer	Latin	externus	exterior extrem-	outermost, utmost	Latin	extremus	extremity, extremophile [edit]F

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples f-, fat-	say, speak	Latin	fari, fatus	fate, infant, preface fab-	bean	Latin	faba	faba bean fac-, -fic-, fact, -fect-	make	Latin	facere, factus	defect, factory, manufacture falc-	sickle	Latin	falx, falcis	falciform fall-, -fell-, fals-	deceive	Latin	fallere, falsus	falsity, infallibility fallac-	false	Latin	fallax, fallacis	fallacy famili-	a close attendant	Latin	famulus	familiarity fant-	to show	Greek	φαντάζω	fantasy fasc-	bundle	Latin	fascis	fasciculation, fascism fatu-	foolish, useless	Latin	fatuus	fatuous, infatuation feder-	treaty, agreement, contract, league, pact	Latin	foedus, foederis	confederation, federal fel-	cat	Latin	feles, felis	Felinae, feline felic-	happy, merry	Latin	felix, felicis	felicity fell-	suck	Latin	fellare	fellation femin-	women, female	Latin	femina	femininity femor-	thigh	Latin	femur, femoris	femoral fend-, fens-	strike	Latin	fendere, -fensus	defend, offense fenestr-	window	Latin	fenestra	defenestration fer-	carry	Latin	ferre	reference, transfer feroc-	fierce	Latin	ferox, ferocis	ferocity ferr-	iron	Latin	ferrum	ferrous fet-	stink	Latin	fetere	fetid, fetor fic-	fig	Latin	ficus	Ficus fid-, fis-	faith, trust	Latin	fides, fidere, fisus	confidence, fidelity fil-	thread	Latin	filum	filament fili-	son	Latin	filius	affiliation fin-	end	Latin	finis	finish, final find-, fiss-	split	Latin	findere, fissus	fission, fissures firm-	fix, settle	Latin	firmus, firmare	confirmation, firmament fistul-	hollow, tube	Latin		fistula fl-	blow	Latin	flare, flatus	flatulence, inflation, insufflation flacc-	flabby	Latin	flaccus, flaccere	flaccid flav-	yellow	Latin	flavus	flavonoid flect-, flex-	bend	Latin	flectere, flexus	flexible, flexile, flexor, inflection flig-, flict-	strike	Latin	fligere, flictus	conflict, inflict flor-	flower	Latin	flos, floris	floral, florid flu-, flux-	flow	Latin	fluere, fluxus	effluent, fluency, influx foc-	hearth	Latin	focus	focal fod-, foss-	dig	Latin	fodere, fossus	fossil foen-	hay	Latin	fenuculum foli-	leaf	Latin	folium	defoliant font-	spring	Latin	fons, fontis	font, fontal, fontanelle for-	bore, drill	Latin	forare, foratus	foralite, foramen, foraminifer, perforation form-	shape	Latin	forma	conformity, deformity, formation, reformatory fornic-	vault	Latin	fornix, fornicis	fornication fort-	strong	Latin	fortis	fortification fove-	shallow round depression	Latin	fovea	fovea frang-, -fring-, fract-, frag-	break	Latin	frangere, fractus	fracture, fragment, frangible, infringe frater-, fratr-	brother	Latin	frater	fraternity fric-, frict-	rub	Latin	fricare, frictus	dentifrice, friction frig-	cold	Latin	frigere	frigid, frigorific front-	forehead	Latin	frons, frontis	confront, frontage, frontal fruct-, frug-	fruit	Latin	frux, fructis	fructose fug-, fugit-	flee	Latin	fugere	centrifuge, fugitive, refuge fum-	smoke	Latin	fumus	fume, fumigation fund-	bottom	Latin	fundus, fundare	fundamentalism, profundity fund-, fus-	pour	Latin	fundere, fusus	effusion, profusion fung-, funct-	do	Latin	fungi, functus	function, fungibility fur-, furt-	steal	Latin	fur, furare	furtive furc-	fork	Latin	furca	bifurcation fusc-	dark	Latin	fuscus	obfuscation [edit]G

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples galact-	milk	Greek	γάλα, γαλακτός (gala, galaktos)	galactic gastr-	stomach	Greek	γαστήρ (gaster)	gastric, gastroenterology ge-	earth	Greek	γῆ (gē), γεω- (geō-)	geography, geology, geometry gel-	icy cold	Latin	gelum	gelid gen(o)-	race, kind	Greek	γένος (genos)	genocide ger-, gest-	bear, carry	Latin	gerere, gestus	digest, gestation germin-	sprout	Latin	germen, germinis	germination glabr-	hairless	Latin	glaber	glabrous glaci-	ice	Latin	glacies	glacier gladi-	sword	Latin	gladius	gladiator glia-	glue	Greek	γλία (glia)	glial glob-	sphere	Latin	globus	global, globule glori-	glory	Latin	gloria	glorify glutin-	glue	Latin	gluten, glutinis	agglutination grad-, -gred-, gress-	walk, step, go	Latin	gradus, gradere, gressus	grade, regress gram-	writing	Greek	γράμμα (gramma)	grammar, grammatic gran-	grain	Latin	granum	granary, granite, granola, granule grand-	grand	Latin	grandis	grandiloquous, grandiosity graph-	draw, write	Greek	γραφή (graphē)	grapheme, graphic, graphology grat-	thank, please	Latin	gratus	gratitude, ingrate grav-	heavy	Latin	gravis	aggravation, grave, gravity greg-	flock	Latin	grex, gregis	egregious, gregarious, segregation gubern-	govern, pilot	Latin	gubernare	gubernatorial gust-	taste	Latin	gustus	disgust, gusto gutt-	drop	Latin	gutta	gutta, guttifer, guttiform guttur-	throat	Latin	guttur	guttural gymn-	nude	Greek	γυμνός (gymnos)	gymnasium, gymnastics, gymnosperm gyn-	woman	Greek	γυνή	gynecology [edit]H

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit-	have	Latin	habere, habitus	habit, prohibition haem(o)-, hem(o)-	blood	Greek	αἷμα (haima)	haemophilia, hemoglobin hal(o)-	salt	Greek	ἅλς, ἁλός (hals, halos)	halogen hal-, -hel-	breathe	Latin	halare, halatus	anhelation, inhale hapl(o)-	simple, single	Greek	ἁπλοῦς (haplous)	haploid, haplotype haur-, haust-	draw	Latin	haurire, haustus	exhaustion heli(o)-	sun	Greek	ἥλιος (hēlios)	heliocentric, heliotrope, helium hemi-	half	Greek	ἥμισυς (hēmisus)	hemicycle, hemisphere hen-	one	Greek	ἕν (hen)	henad, hyphen hendec-	eleven	Greek	ἕνδεκα (hendeka)	hendecagon hept-	seven	Greek	ἑπτά (hepta)	heptagon, heptathlon, heptode her-, hes-	cling	Latin	haerere, haesus	adhesive, coherent herb-	grass	Latin	herba	herbal, herbicide hered-	heir	Latin	heres, heredis	heredity herp-	creep	Greek	ἕρπω, ἕρπειν (herpō, herpein)	herpes, herpetology heter(o)-	different, other	Greek	ἕτερος (heteros)	heterodoxy heur-	find	Greek	εὑρίσκω (heuriskō)	heuristic hex-	six	Greek	ἕξ (hex)	hexagon, hexahedron, hexode hibern-	wintry	Latin	hibernus	hibernation hiem-	winter	Latin	hiems	hiemal hipp(o)-	horse	Greek	ἵππος (hippos)	hippodrome hirsut-	hairy	Latin	hirtus, hirsutus	hirsute hispid-	bristly	Latin	hispidus	hispidity, hispidulous histri-	actor	Latin	histrio, histrionis	histrionic hod(o)-	way	Greek	ὁδός (hodos)	cathode, herpolhode, hodometer hol(o)-	whole	Greek	ὅλος (holos)	holistic hom(o)-	same	Greek	ὁμός (homos)	homophone, homosexual home(o)-	like	Greek	ὅμοιος (homoios)	homeostasis homin-	human	Latin	homo, hominis	hominid homal-	even, flat	Greek	ὁμαλός (homalos)	anomalous honor-	esteem	Latin	honos, honoris	honorable, honorarium hor-	boundary	Greek	ὅρος (horos)	aphorism, horizon hor(o)-	hour	Greek	ὥρα (hōra)	horoscope horm-	that which excites	Greek	ὁρμή (hormē)	hormone hort(i)-	garden	Latin	hortus, horti	horticulture hospit-	host	Latin	hospes, hospitis	hospital, hospitality host-	enemy	Latin	hostis	hostile hum-	ground	Latin	humus, humare	exhumation, inhume hyal-	glass	Greek	ὕαλος (hualos)	hyaline, hyaloid hydr(o)-	water	Greek	ὕδωρ (hudōr)	hydraulics, hydrology, hydrolysis, hydrophily, hydrophobia, hydroponic, hydrous hygr-	wet	Greek	ὑγρός (hugros)	hygrometer hyo-	U-shaped	Greek	ὑοειδής (huoeidēs)	hyoid hyp(o)-	under	Greek	ὑπό (hupo)	hypothermia hyper-	above, over	Greek	ὑπέρ (huper)	hyperbole, hypertonic hypn(o)-	sleep	Greek	ὕπνος (hupnos)	hypnosis hyster-	later	Greek	ὕστερος (husteros)	hystereis

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples ichthy(o)-	fish	Greek	ἰχθύς (ichthus)	ichthyology icos-	twenty	Greek	εἴκοσι (eikosi)	icosagon, icosahedron id(o)-	shape	Greek	εἶδος (eidos)	idol ide(o)-	idea; thought	Greek	ιδέα (idea), ideogram, ideology idi(o)-	personal	Greek	ἴδιος (idios)	idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiot ign-	fire	Latin	ignis	igneous, ignition in- (1), im-	in, on	Latin	in	incur, intend, invite in- (2), il-, im-, ir-	not, un- (negation)	Latin	in-	illicit, impossible, inimical, irrational infra-	below, under	Latin	infra	infrastructure insul-	island	Latin	insula	insular, insulation inter-	among, between	Latin	inter (preposition)	intercollegiate, intermission, intersection intra-	within	Latin	intra	intramural irasc-, irat-	be angry	Latin	irasci	irascible, irate is-, iso-	equal, the same	Greek	ἴσος (isos)	isometric, isomorphic, isotropic iter-	again	Latin	iterum, iterare	iteration itiner-	route, way	Latin	iter, itineris – march, journey	itinerary

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples jac-	lie	Latin	jacēre "to be thrown"	adjacent jac- (originally IAC), -ject-	cast, throw	Latin	iacio, iacere, ieci, iectus – "to throw" (and cognates thereof)	eject, interject, ejaculate, trajectory janu-	door	Latin	janua	janitor joc-	joke	Latin	jocus	jocularity jug-	yoke	Latin	jugare, jugum	conjugal, subjugate jung-, junct-	join	Latin	jungere, junctus	conjunction, juncture junior-	younger	Latin	junior	juniority jus-, jur-, judic- (originally IVS)	law, justice	Latin	ius, iuris; iudex, iudicis	justice, jury, judge juv-, jut-	help	Latin	juvare, jutus	adjutant juven-	young, youth	Latin	juvenis	juvenile, rejuvenate juxta-	beside, near	Latin	juxta	juxtaposition[disambiguation needed ] [edit]K

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples kil(o)-	thousand	Greek	χίλιοι (chilioi)	kilobyte, kilogram, kilometer kine-	movement, motion	Greek	κινέω (kineo)	telekinesis, kinetic energy, kinesthetic klept-	steal	Greek	κλέπτης (kleptēs)	kleptomania kudo-	glory	Greek	κῦδος (kudos)	kudos

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples lab-, laps-	slide, slip	Latin	labi, lapsus	elapse, relapse labi-	lip	Latin	labia, labiae	bilabial, labial labor-	toil	Latin	labor	collaboration, elaboration lacer-	tear	Latin	lacer	laceration lacrim-	cry, tears	Latin	lacrima "tear"	lacrimal, lacrimous lact-	milk	Latin	lac, lactis, lactare	lactate, lactation, lactose lamin-	layer, slice	Latin	lamina	laminate, lamination lamp-	shine	Greek	λαμπάς lampas "torch"	lamp lapid-	stone	Latin	lapis, lapidis	lapidary larg-	large	Latin	largus	enlargement larv-	ghost, mask	Latin	larva	larva, larvae, larval lat(i)-	broad, wide	Latin	latus	latitude later-	side	Latin	latus, lateris	bilateral laud-, laus-	praise	Latin	laudere	laud lav-	wash	Latin	lavare	lavatory lax-	not tense	Latin	laxus, laxare	laxative, relaxation led-, les-	hurt	Latin	laedere, laesus	lesion leg-	law	Latin	lex, legis, legare	legal, legislative leio-	smooth	Greek	λείος leios	leiomyoma leni-	gentle	Latin	lenis, lenire	leniency leon-	lion	Latin	leo, leonis "lion"	Leo, leonine, Leopold lep-	flake, scale	Greek	λέπις lepis	Lepidoptera leps-	grasp, seize	Greek	λήψης lepsis	epilepsy leuc(o)-, leuk(o)-	white	Greek	λευκός leukos	leucocyte lev-	lift, light	Latin	levis "light" (in weight), levare	elevator, levitation liber-	free	Latin	liber, liberare	liberation, liberty libr-	book	Latin	liber, libri	librarian, library lig-	bind	Latin	ligare, ligatus	ligament, ligature lin-	line	Latin	linea	linearity, line lingu-	language, tongue	Latin	lingua	bilingual, linguistic linqu-, lict-	leave	Latin	linquere, lictus	relict, relinquish lip(o)-	fat	Greek	λίπος lipos	lipolysis liter-	letter	Latin	littera	alliteration, illiterate, literacy, literal, obliterate lith(o)-	stone	Greek	λίθος lithos	lithosphere, megalith, monolith, Neolithic Era loc-	place	Latin	locus	local, location log-	thought, word, speech	Greek	λόγος logos "word"	logic, monologue, morphological long-	long	Latin	longus	elongate, longitude loqu-, locut-	speak	Latin	loqui	allocution, eloquence luc-	bright, light	Latin	lux, lucis light	Lucifer (bearer of light) lud-, lus-	play	Latin	ludere, lusus	allude, illusion lumin-	light	Latin	lumen, luminis	illumination, luminous lun-	moon	Latin	luna	lunar, lunatic lysis	dissolving	Greek	λύσις, lysis	analysis, cytolysis, hydrolysis

Root	Meaning In English	Origin Language	Etymology (Root Origin)	English Examples macro-	long	Greek	μακρός (makros)	macron magn-	great, large	Latin	magnus	magnanimous, magnificent maj-	greater	Latin	major, majus	majesty, majority, majuscule mal-	bad, wretched,	Latin	malus	malfeasance, malicious, malignancy, malodorous mamm-	breast	Latin	mamma	mammal, mammary gland man-	flow	Latin	manare	emanationism, immanant man-	stay	Latin	manēre, mansus	immanence, permanent, remanence mand-	hand	Latin	mandāre, mandatus	mandate, remand mania	mental illness	Greek	μανία (manίā)	kleptomania, maniac manu-	hand	Latin	manus	manual, manuscript mar-	sea	Latin	mare, maris	marine, maritime mater-, matr-	mother	Latin	mater, matris	matriarch, matrix maxim-	greatest	Latin	maximus	maximum medi-, -midi-	middle	Latin	medius, mediare	median, medieval meg-	great, large	Greek	μέγας (megas)	megaphone mei-	less	Greek	μείον (meiōn)	meiosis melan-	black, dark	Greek	μέλας (melas)	Melanesia, melanoma melior-	better	Latin	melior	amelioration mell-	honey	Latin	mel, mellis	mellifluous memor-	remember	Latin	memor	memorial mening-	membrane	Greek	μενινξ (meninx)	meningitis men(o)-	moon	Greek	μήν (men)	menopause, menstruation ment-	mind	Latin	mens, mentis	demented, mentality mer-	part	Greek	μέρος (meros)	polymer merc-	reward, wages, hire	Latin	merx, mercis	mercantile, merchant merg-, mers-	dip, plunge	Latin	mergere	emerge, immersion mes-	middle	Greek	μέσος (mesos)	mesolithic, mesozoic meter-, metr-	measure	Greek	μέτρον (metron)	metric, thermometer meta-	above, among, beyond	Greek	μετά (meta)	metaphor, metaphysics mic-	grain	Latin	mica	micelle micr(o)-	small	Greek	μικρός (mikros)	microphone, microscope migr-	wander	Latin	migrare	emigrant, migrate milit-	soldier	Latin	miles, militis	military, militia mill-	thousand	Latin	mille	millennium, million millen-	thousand each	Latin	milleni	millenary mim-	repeat	Greek	μίμος (mimos)	mime, mimic min-	jut	Latin	minere	prominent min-	less, smaller	Latin	minor, minus	minority, minuscule mir-	wonder, amazement	Latin	miror, mirari, miratus sum	admire, miracle, mirror mis-	hate	Greek	μῖσος (misos)	misandry, misogyny misce-, mixt-	mix	Latin	miscere, mixtus	miscellaneous, mixture mit-	thread	Greek	μίτος (mitos)	mitochondrion mitt-, miss-	send	Latin	mittere, missus	intermittent, missionary, transmission mne-	memory	Greek	μνήμη (mnēmē)	mnemonic mol-	grind	Latin	mola, molere, molitus	molar moll-	soft	Latin	mollis	emollient, mollify mon(o)-	one	Greek	μόνος (monos)	monism, monolith, monotone monil-	string of beads	Latin	monile	Moniliformida mont-	mountain	Latin	mons, montis	Montana morph-	form, shape	Greek	μορφή (morphē)	anthropomorphism, morpheme, morphology mort-	death	Latin	mors, mortis	immortal, mortality, mortuary mov-, mot-	move, motion	Latin	movere, motus	mobile, momentum, motor, move mulg-, muls-	milk	Latin	mulgere	emulsion mult(i)-	many, much	Latin	multus	multiple, multiplex, multitude mur-	wall	Latin	murus, muri	immured, mural mus-	thief	Latin	mus, muris	mouse musc-	fly	Latin	musca, muscae	Muscicapidae, Muscidae mut-	change	Latin	mutare	mutation my-	mouse	Greek	μῦς (mus)	musophobia myri-	countless, ten thousand	Greek	μύριος (murios)	myriad myth(o)-	story	Greek	μῦθος (muthos)	mythic, mythology myx-	slime	Greek	μύξα (muxa)	Myxini myz-	suck	Greek

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples nar-	nostril	Latin	naris narc-	numb	Greek	νάρκη (narkē)	narcosis, narcotic narr-	tell	Latin	narrare	narrative nas-	nose	Latin	nasus	nasal nasc-, nat-	born	Latin	nascere, natus	nascent, native naut-	ship	Greek	ναῦς (naus)	astronaut nav-	ship	Latin	navis	naval ne(o)-	new	Greek	νέος (neos)	neologism necr(o)-	dead	Greek	νεκρός (nekros)	necrophobia nect(o)-	swimming	Greek	νηκτός (nektos)	nectopod nect-, nex-	join, tie	Latin	nectere, nexus	connection neg-	say no	Latin	negare	negative nema-	hair	Greek	νῆμα (nēma)	nematode nemor-	grove, woods	Latin	nemus, nemoris	nemoral nephr-	kidney	Greek	νεφρός (nephros)	nephritis nes-	island	Greek	νῆσος (nēsos)	Polynesia neur-	nerve	Greek	νευρών (neurōn)	neurology, neurosurgeon nict-	wink	Latin	nictari	nictation nigr-	black	Latin	niger	denigrate nihil-	nothing	Latin	nihilum	annihilation noct-	night	Latin	nox, noctis	nocturnal, noctambulist nod-	knot	Latin	nodus	node, nodule nom-	arrangement, law	Greek	νόμος (nomos)	autonomous, taxonomy nomad-	those who let pasture herds	Greek	νομάς, νομάδος (nomas, nomados)	nomadic nomin-	name	Latin	nomen, nominis	nomination non-	not	Latin	non	none non-	ninth	Latin	nonus	nonary nonagen-	ninety each	Latin	nonageni	nonagenary nonagesim-	ninetieth	Latin	nonagesimus	nonagesimal not-	letter, note, paper	Latin	notare	notaphily noth-	spurious noto-	back, south	Greek	νότος (notos) nov-	nine	Latin	novem	novennial nov-	new	Latin	novus	innovation, nova noven-	nine each	Latin	noveni	novenary novendec-	nineteen	Latin	novendecim nox-, noc-	harmful	Latin	noxa	noxious nu-	nod	Latin	nuere	innuendo nub-	to marry, to wed	Latin	nubes, nubis	nubile nuc-	nut	Latin	nux, nucis	nucleus nuch-	back of neck	Latin	nucha	nuchal cord nud-	naked	Latin	nudus	denude, nudity null(i)-	none	Latin	nullus	nullify numer-	number	Latin	numerus	numeral nunci-	announce	Latin	nuntius	pronunciation nupti-		Latin		nuptial nutri-	nourish	Latin	nutrire	nutrient

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, os-	against	Latin	ob	obstinate, obstreperous, occur, offend, omit, oppose, ostentatious oct-	eight	Greek	ὀκτώ (oktō)	octagon, octahedron, octode oct-	eight	Latin	octō	octangular, octennial, octovir octav-	eighth	Latin	octāvus	octaval octogen-	eighty each	Latin	octogeni	octogenary octogesim-	eightieth	Latin	octogesimus	octogesimal octon-	eight each	Latin	octoni	octonary ocul-	eye	Latin	oculus, oculare	ocular, oculus, ullage od-	path, way	Greek	ὁδός (hodos)	anode, diode, odometer, pentode, tetrode, triode od-	hate	Latin	odium	odious odont-	tooth	Greek	ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (odous, odontos)	odontology odor-	fragrant	Latin	odor	odorous oeco-	house	Greek	οἶκος (oikos)	ecology oed-	swollen	Greek	οἴδημα (oidēma)	oedema oen-	wine	Greek	οἶνος (oinos)	oenology oesoph-	gullet	Greek	οἰσοφάγος (oisophagos)	oesophagus ogdo-	eighth	Greek	ὄγδοος (ogdoos)	ogdoad -oid	like	Greek	-οειδής (-oeidēs)	organoid, mucoid ole-	oil	Latin	oleum	oleosity olecran-	skull of elbow	Latin from Greek	ὠλέκρανον (ōlekranon)	olecranon olig-	few	Greek	ὀλίγος (oligos)	oligarchy oliv-	olive	Latin	oliva	olivaceous, olivary, olivette -oma	cancer	Greek	-ωμα omas-	paunch	Latin	omasum	omasum oment-	fat skin	Latin	omentum omin-	creepy	Latin	omen, ominis	ominous omm-	eye	Greek	ὄμμα (omma)	ommatidium omni-	all	Latin	omnis	omnipotence, omnivore omo-	shoulder	Latin omphal-	navel	Greek	ὀμφαλός (omphalos)	omphalectomy oner-	burden	Latin	onus, oneris	onerous onom-	name	Greek	όνομα (onoma)	onomatopoeia ont-	existing	Greek	ὄντος (ontos)	ontogeny, ontology -onym	name	Greek	ὄνυμα (onuma)	antonym, pseudonym, synonym oo-	egg	Greek	(oion)	oocyte opac-	shady	Latin	opacus	opacity oper-	work	Latin	opus, operis	opera opercul-	little cover	Latin	operculum ophi-	snake	Greek	ὄφις (ophis)	ophiophagy ophthalm-	eye	Greek	ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmos)	ophthalmology opisth-	behind	Greek	ὄπισθεν (opisthen)	opisthosoma, opsimath opoter-	either	Greek	ὁπότερος (hopoteros) opt-	eye	Greek	ὀπτός (optos)	optical opt-	choose	Latin	optare	adopt, optional optim-	best	Latin	optimus	optimum or-	mouth	Latin	os, oris	oral, orator orb-	circle	Latin	orbis	orbit orch-	testicle	Greek	ὄρχις (orchis)	orchid ordin-	order	Latin	ōrdō, ordinis	ordinal, ordinary organ-	organ, instrument, tool	Greek	ὄργανον (organon)	organism ori-, ort-	eastern	Latin	oriri, ortus	orient orn-	decorate	Latin	ōrnāre	adorn, ornament, ornate ornith(o)-	bird	Greek	ὄρνις (ornis, ornithos)	ornithology orth(o)-	straight	Greek	ὀρθός (orthos)	orthodontist, orthodoxy, orthosis oscill-	swing	Latin	oscillum	oscillation oss(i)-	bone	Latin	os, ossis	ossification osteo-	bone	Greek	ὀστοῦν (ostoun)	osteoporosis osti-	entrance	Latin	ostium	ostiole ostrac-	shell	Greek	ὄστρακον (ostrakon)	ostracism ot-	ear	Greek	οὖς, ωτός (ous, ōtos)	otology ov-	egg	Latin	ovum	oval, ovary, ovule ovi-	sheep	Latin	ovis	ovine oxy-	sharp, pointed	Greek	ὀξύς (oxus)	oxygen, oxymoron

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples pac-	peace	Latin	pax, pacis	pacifism pach-	thick	Greek	παχύς (pachus)	pachydermata, Pachypodium paed-	child	Greek	παῖς, παιδός (pais, paidos)	paediatric pagin-	page	Latin	pagina	pagination pal-	stake	Latin	palus	impalement, pale palae-, pale-	ancient, old	Greek	παλαιός (palaios)	paleontology palin-	back	Greek	πάλιν (palin)	palindrome pall-	be pale	Latin	pallere	pallid, pallor palli-	mantle	Latin	pallium	pallium palm-	palm	Latin	palma	palmate palustr(i)-	in marshes	Latin	paluster	palustral pan-, pam-	all	Greek	πᾶς, παντός (pas, pantos)	pandemic pand-, pans-	spread	Latin	pandere, pansus	expand, expansion par(a)-	beside, near	Greek	παρά (para)	parallel, parameter pariet-	wall	Latin	paries, parietis	parietal part(i)-	part	Latin	pars, partis	bipartite, partition parthen(o)-	maiden	Greek	παρθένος (parthenos)	parthenogenesis parv-	little	Latin	parvus	parvovirus pasc-, past-	feed	Latin	pascere, pastus	pasture, repast pass-	pace, step	Latin	passus passer-	sparrow	Latin	passer	passeriform, passerine pat-	be open	Latin	patere	patent path-	feel, hurt	Greek	πάθος (pathos)	pathetic, pathology pati-, pass-	suffer, feel, endure, permit	Latin	pati, passus	passive, patience patr-	father	Greek	πατήρ, πατριά (patēr, patria)	patriarch patr(i)-	father	Latin	pater, patris	patrilocal pauc-	few	Latin	paucus	paucal, paucity pav-		Latin	pavire	pavement pecc-	sin	Latin	peccare	impeccable pect-	fixed	Greek	πηκτός (pēktos)	pectic, pectin pector-	chest	Latin	pectus, pectoris	pectoral pecun-	money	Latin	pecunia	pecuniary ped-	child	Greek	παῖς, παιδός (pais, paidos)	pedagogy ped-	foot	Latin	pes, pedis	pedal, quadruped pejor-	worse	Latin	pejor	pejorative pell-, puls-	drive	Latin	pellere, pulsus	propellent, propulsor, repellent pen-	almost	Latin	paene	peninsula, penultimate, penumbra pend-, pens-	hang	Latin	pendere	suspend penn-, pinn-	feather	Latin	penna	pennate, pinnate pent-	five	Greek	πέντε (pente)	pentagon, pentode, pentagrid pentecost-	fiftieth	Greek	πεντηκοστός (pentēkostos)	pentecostalism pept-	to digest	Greek	πέσσειν, πεπτός (pessein, peptos)	peptic, peptide per-	thoroughly, through	Latin	per	perfection, persistence peran-	across, beyond	Greek	πέραν (peran) peri-	around	Greek	περί (peri)	perimeter, periscope persic-	peach	Greek	περσικός (persikos) pessim-	worst	Latin	pessimus	pessimal pet-	strive towards	Latin	petere	appetite, competition petr-	rock	Greek	πέτρα (petra)	petroglyph phae(o)-	dark	Greek	φαιός (phaios)	phaeomelanin phag-	eat	Greek	φαγεῖν (phagein)	sarcophagus phalang-	close formation of troops, finger bones	Greek	φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος (phalanx, phalangos)	phalanges phalar-	having a patch of white	Greek	φάλαρος (phalāros)[1]	phalarope pharmac-	drug, medicine	Greek	φάρμακον (pharmakon)	pharmacy phanero-	visible	Greek	φανερός (phaneros)	phanerozoic pher-	bear, carry	Greek	φέρω (pherō)	pheromone phil-, -phile	love, friendship	Greek	φιλέω (phileō, philia)	philosophy, hydrophile phleg-	heat	Greek	φλέγω (phlegō)	phlegm, phlegmatics phloe-	tree bark	Greek	φλοιός (phloios)	phlobaphene, phloem phob-	fear	Greek	φόβος (phobos)	hydrophobia phon(o)-	sound	Greek	φωνή (phōnē)	homophone, microphone, phonograph phor-	carry, bear	Greek	φόρος (phoros)	metaphor phos-, phot-	light	Greek	φῶς, φωτός (phōs, phōtos)	phosphor, photograph phragm-	fence	Greek	φράγμα (phragma)	diaphragm phren-	diaphragm, mind	Greek	φρήν, φρενός (phrēn, phrenos)	schizophrenia phryn(o)-	toad, toad-like	Greek	φρύνη (phrunē)	Phrynobatrachus phyl-	tribe	Greek	φύλον (phulon)	phylogenetics, phylum phyll-	leaf	Greek	φύλλον (phullon)	chlorophyll, phyllotaxis physa-	bladder	Greek	φυσά, φούσκα (phusa, phouska) phys-	nature	Greek	φύσις (phusis)	physics phyt-	plant	Greek	φυτόν (phuton)	neophyte, phytoplankton pic-	pitch	Latin	pix, picis pil-	hair	Latin	pilus	depilatory, epilator pin(o)-	drink	Greek	πίνειν (pinein)	pinocytosis pin-	pine	Latin	pinus	pineal gland ping-, pict-	paint	Latin	pingere, pictus	depiction, picture pingu-	fat	Latin	pinguis	Pinguicula pir-	pear	Latin	pirus	piriformis muscle pisc-	fish	Latin	piscis	Pisces, piscivore pis-	pea	Greek	πίσος (pisos) plac-	plate, tablet	Greek	πλάξ, πλακός (plax, plakos) plac-	calm	Latin	placare, placatus	placate plac-, -plic-	please	Latin	placēre, placitus	placebo, placid plagi-	oblique	Greek	πλάγιος (plagios)	plagioclase plan-	flat	Latin	planus	explanation, planar, plane plang-, planct-		Latin	plangere, planctus	plangent plas-	mould	Greek	πλάθω (plathō)	plasma, plastic platy-	flat, broad	Greek	πλατύς (platus)	platypus plaud-, -plod-, plaus-, -plos-	clap	Latin	plaudere, plausus	applaud, applause, explosion, implode ple-, plet-	fill	Latin	plere	complement, suppletion pleb-	people	Latin	plebs, plebis	plebian, plebs plec-	interwoven	Greek	πλέκω (plekō)	plectics, symplectomorphism plect-, plex-	plait	Latin	plectere, plexus	perplex plen-	full	Latin	plenus	plenary plesi-	near	Greek	πλησίος (plēsios) pleth-	full	Greek	πλῆθος (plēthos)	plethora pleur-	side	Greek	πλευρά (pleura) plic-	fold	Latin	plicare, plicatus	duplication, replicate plinth-	brick	Greek	πλίνθος (plinthos) plor-		Latin	plorare	implore plu-	rain	Latin	pluere plum-	feather	Latin	pluma	plumage, plumate plumb-	lead	Latin	plumbum plur-	more	Latin	pluris	plural plurim-	most	Latin	plurimus plus-	more	Latin	plus pluto-	wealth	Greek	πλοῦτος (ploutos)	plutocracy pluvi-	rain	Latin	pluvia	pluvial pneu-	air, lung	Greek	πνεῦμα (pneuma)	pneumatic pod-	foot	Greek	πούς, ποδός (pous, podos)	podiatry, tripod pogon(o)-	beard	Greek	πώγων, πώγωνος (pōgōn, pōgōnos)	pogonotrophy poie-	make	Greek	ποιέω (poieō)	poiesis pol-	pole	Greek	πόλος (polos)	dipole, polar pole-, poli-	city	Greek	πόλις (polis)	metropolis, politics polem-	war	Greek	πόλεμος (polemos)	polemic poli(o)-	grey	Greek	πολιός (polios) pollic-	thumb	Latin	pollex, pollicis pollin-		Latin	pollen, pollinis	pollination poly-	many	Greek	πολύς (polus)	polygon pon-, posit-	put	Latin	ponere, positus	component, position, postpone ponder-	weight	Latin	pondus, ponderis	preponderance pont-	bridge	Latin	pons, pontis	pontoon popul-	people	Latin	populus, populare	population por-	passage	Greek	πόρος (poros)	pore porc-	pig	Latin	porcus	porcine, pork porphyr-	purple	Greek	πορφύρα (porphura)	porphyrin port-	gate	Latin	porta	portal port-	carry	Latin	portare, portatus	export, transportation post-	after, behind	Latin	post	posterior, postscript pot-	drink	Latin	potus, potare	potable potam-	river	Greek	ποταμός (potamos)	Mesopotamia, hippopotamus prasin-	leek-green	Greek	πράσινος (prasinos)	prasinous prat-	meadow	Latin	pratum prav-	crooked	Latin	pravus	depravity pre-	before	Latin	prae	previous prec-	pray	Latin	prex, precis, precāri	deprecation pred-		Latin	praeda, praedari	predator prehend-, prend-, prehens-	grasp	Latin	prehendere, prehensus	comprehend prem-, -prim-, press-	press	Latin	premere, pressus	pressure presby-	old	Greek	πρέσβυς (presbus)	Presbyterianism preter-	past	Latin	praeter	preterite, pretermission preti-	price	Latin	pretium, pretiare prim-	first	Latin	primus	primary, primeval, primitive prior-	former	Latin	prior	priority priv(i)-	separate	Latin	privus, privare, privatus	deprivation, privilege pro-	before, in front of	Greek	πρό (pro) pro-	for, forward	Latin	pro	propulsion prob-	try	Latin	probus, probare	probation proct-	anus	Greek	πρωκτός (prōktos)	proctology propri-		Latin	proprius	appropriate, propriety pros(o)-	forward	Greek	πρός (pros) prot(o)-	first	Greek	πρῶτος (prōtos)	protoplasm proxim-	nearest	Latin	proximus, proximare	approximate, proximity prun-	plum	Latin	prunus	prune psamma-	sand	Greek	ψάμμος (psammos) pseud(o)-	false	Greek	ψευδής (pseudēs)	pseudonym psil(o)-	bare	Greek	ψιλός (psilos)	epsilon psych(o)-	mind	Greek	ψυχή (psuchē)	psycho psychr(o)-	cold	Greek	ψυχρός (psuchros) pter-	wing, fern	Greek	πτερόν (pteron)	helicopter pto-	fall	Greek	πτώσης (ptōsēs)	ptosis ptyal-	saliva	Greek	πτύον (ptyon) ptych-	fold, layer	Greek	πτύξ, πτυχή (ptuchē)	triptych pubi-	sexually mature	Latin	pubes	pubescent, pubic public-		Latin	publicus	publication pude-		Latin	pudere	impudent pugn-	fight	Latin	pugna, pugnare	pugnacious, repugnant pulchr-	beautiful	Latin	pulcher, pulchri	pulchritude pulmon-	lung	Latin	pulmo, pulmonis	pulmonary pulver-	dust	Latin	pulvis, pulveris	pulverize pung-, punct-	prick	Latin	pungere, punctus	puncture, pungent puni-	punish	Latin	punire, punitus	punitive pup-	doll	Latin	pupa	pupa, puppet pur-	pure	Latin	purus	impurity, purify purg-	cleanse	Latin	purgare	expurgate, purgatory, purge purpur-	purple	Latin	purpura put-	prune, reckon	Latin	putāre	compute, putative pyg(o)-	rump	Greek	πυγή (pugē)	pygostyle, callipygian pyl-	gate	Greek	πυλών, πυλῶνος (pulōn)	pylon pyr(o)-	heat, fire	Greek	πῦρ, πυρός (pur, puros)	pyrolysis [edit]Q

Root	Meaning In English	Origin Language	Etymology (Root Origin)	English Examples quadr-	four	Latin	quattuor	quadrangle, quadrillion quadragen-	forty each	Latin	quadrageni	quadragenary quadragesim-	fortieth	Latin	quadragesimus	quadragesimal quart-	fourth	Latin	quartus	quartary, quartile quasi-	as if	Latin	quasi	quasar quatern-	four each	Latin	quaterni	quaternary, quaternion quati-, quass-	shake	Latin	quatere quer-, -quir-, quesit-, -quisit-	search, seek	Latin	quaerere	Inquisition, query qui-	rest	Latin	quies	quiet, requiem quin-	five each	Latin	quini	quinary quindecim-	fifteenth	Latin	quindecimus	quindecimal quinden-	fifteen each	Latin	quindeni	quindenary quinque-	five	Latin	quinque	quinquennium quint-	fifth	Latin	quintus	quintary, quintile quot-	how many, how great	Latin		quota, quotient [edit]R

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples rad-, ras-	scrape, shave	Latin	radere, rasus	abrade, abrasion, erasure radi-	beam, spoke	Latin	radius, radiare	radiance, radiation radic-	root	Latin	rādix, rādīcis	eradicate, radical ram-	branch	Latin	rāmus	ramification, ramose ran-	frog	Latin	rana	Rana ranc-	rancidness, grudge, bitterness	Latin	rancere	rancid, rancor rap-	turnip	Latin	rapum	rapeseed raph-	seam	Greek	ῤαφή (rhaphē) rar-		Latin	rarus	rarity rauc-	harsh, hoarse	Latin	raucus	raucous re-, red-	again, back	Latin	re-	recede, redact reg-, -rig-, rect-	straight	Latin	regere, rectus	dirigible, erect, erection, rectum rem-	oar	Latin	remus	bireme, trireme ren-	kidney	Latin	renes	renal rep-, rept-	crawl, creep	Latin	repere, reptus	reptile ret-	net	Latin	rete	reticle, retina retro-	backward, behind	Latin	retro	retrograde, retrospective, retrovirus rhabd-	rod	Greek	ῥάβδος (rhabdos)	rhabdoid, rhabdom rhach-, rach-	spine	Greek	ῥάχις, ῥάχεως (rhachis)	rhachiodont rhag-	tear, rent	Greek	ῥαγίζω	rhagades rhe-	flow	Greek	ῥεῖν (rhein)	rheostat rhig-	chill	Greek	ῥῖγος (rhigos)	rhigosaurus rhin-	nose, snout	Greek	ῥίς, ῥινός (rhis, rhinos)	rhinoplasty rhiz-	root	Greek	ῥίζα (rhiza)	rhizome rhod(o)-	rose	Greek	ῥόδον (rhodon)	rhododendron rhomb-	spinning top	Greek	ῥόμβος (rhombos)	rhombus rhynch-	snout	Greek	ῥύγχος	Rhynchobatus rid-, ris-	laugh	Latin	ridere, risus	derision, ridicule robor-	oak, strength	Latin	robur, roboris	corroboration rod-, ros-	gnaw	Latin	rodere, rosus	corrode, erosion, rodent rog-	ask	Latin	rogare	derogatory, interrogation rostr-	beak, prow	Latin	rostrum	rostral, rostriform, rostrum rot-	wheel	Latin	rota, rotare	rotation ruber-, rubr-	red	Latin	ruber	rubric, ruby rug-	wrinkle	Latin	ruga, rugare	corrugation rumin-	throat	Latin	rumen, ruminis	rumination rump-, rupt-	break	Latin	rumpere, ruptus	eruption, rupture, interrupt rur-	country	Latin	rus, ruris	rural [edit]S

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples sacchar-	sugar	Greek	σάκχαρον (sakcharon)	saccharin sacr-, secr-	sacred	Latin	sacer, sacrare	consecrate, sacrament sagac-	wise	Latin	sagax, sagacis	sagacity sagitt-	arrow	Latin	sagitta	sagittal plane, Sagittaria sal-	salt	Latin	sal, salis, salere	salinity sali-, -sili-, salt-	jump	Latin	salire, saltus	resilient, salient, saltus salic-	willow	Latin	salix, salicis	salicin salv-	save	Latin	salvus, salvare	salvation san-	healthy	Latin	sanus	insane, sanity sanc-	holy	Latin	sancire, sanctus	sanctify, sanctuary sanguin-	blood	Latin	sanguis, sanguinis	consanguinity, sanguine sapi-, -sipi-	taste, wise	Latin	sapere	insipience, sapient sapon-	soap	Latin	sapo, saponis	saponification sarc(o)-	flesh	Greek	σάρξ, σαρκός (sarx, sarkos)	sarcophagus saur-	lizard, reptile	Greek	σαῦρος (sauros)	dinosaur sax-	rock	Latin	saxum scab-	scratch	Latin	scabere	scabies scal-	ladder, stairs	Latin	scala	scalar, scale scalen-	uneven	Greek	σκαληνός (skalēnos)	scalene muscles, scalene triangle scand-, -scend-, scans-, -scens-	climb	Latin	scandere	ascend, transcendent scaph-	anything hollow, bowl, ship	Greek	σκάφη, σκάφος	scaphoid bone scel-	leg, thigh	Greek	σκέλος, σκέλεος (skelos)	isosceles schem-	plan	Greek	σχῆμα (schēma)	schematic schis-	split	Greek	σχίζω, σχίσμα (schisma)	schism sci-	know	Latin	scire	prescient, science scind-, sciss-	split	Latin	scindere	rescind, scissors scler-	hard	Greek	σκληρός (sklēros)	scleroderma, sclerosis scoli-	crooked	Greek	σκολιός (skolios)	scoliosis scop-, scept-	look at, examine, view, observe	Greek	σκέπτομαι, σκοπός (skopos)	horoscope, kaleidoscope, stethoscope scrib-, script-	write	Latin	scribere, scriptus	inscribe, scripture sculp-	carve	Latin	sculpere, sculptus	sculpture scut-	shield	Latin	scutum	scute scyph-	cup	Greek	χούφτα (chouphta)	Scyphozoa se-, sed-	apart	Latin	se	secede, sedition seb-	tallow	Latin	sebum	sebaceous, sebum sec-, sect-, seg-	cut	Latin	secare	secant, section, segment sed-	settle, calm	Latin	sedare, sedatus	sedative sed-, -sid-, sess-	sit	Latin	sedere, sessus	reside, sediment, session, supersede sedec-	sixteen	Latin	sedecim	sedecimal seget-	in cornfields	Latin	segetum sei-	shake	Greek	σείω, σεισμός (seismos)	seismograph selen-	moon	Greek	σελήνη (selēnē)	Selene, selenium sell-	saddle, seat	Latin	sella	sella turcica sema-	sign	Greek	σῆμα (sēma)	semantics, semaphore semi-	half	Latin	semis	semifinal semin-	seed	Latin	semen, seminis	insemination sen-	old man	Latin	senex, senis	senator, senility sen-	six each	Latin	seni	senary senti-, sens-	feel	Latin	sentire, sensus	consensus, sentient sept-	fence, partition, enclosure	Latin	saeptum	transept sept-	seven	Latin	septem	septennial septen-	seven each	Latin	septeni	septenary septim-	seventh	Latin	septimus	septimal, septime septuagen-	seventy each	Latin	septuageni	septuagenary septuagesim-	seventieth	Latin	septuagesimus	septuagesima, septuagesimal septuagint-	seventy	Latin	septuaginta	Septuagint sequ-, secut-	follow	Latin	sequere, secutus	consecutive, sequence ser-, sat-	cultivate	Latin	serere, satus	sative ser-	body fluid	Latin	serum	serous ser-	late	Latin	serus	serein, serotine serp-	crawl, creep	Latin	serpere, serptus	serpent serr-	saw, saw-toothed	Latin	serra, serrare	serration serv-	save, protect, serve	Latin	servare	conservation sesqui-	one and a half	Latin	sesqui	sesquicentennial set-	bristle, hair	Latin	saeta	seta, setose sever-	stern, strict, serious	Latin	severus	severity sex-, se-	six	Latin	sex	semester, sexangle, sexennium sexagen-	sixty each	Latin	sexageni	sexagenary sexagesim-	sixtieth	Latin	sexagesimus	sexagesimal sext-	sixth	Latin	sextus	sextant sibil-	hiss	Latin	sibilus, sibilare	sibilance sicc-	dry	Latin	siccus	desiccation sider-	star	Latin	sidus, sideris	sidereal sign-	sign	Latin	signum	design, designate, signal sil-	quiet or still	Latin	silere	silence silv(i)-	forest	Latin	silva	silviculture simi-	ape, monkey	Latin	simia	simian simil-	likeness, trust, group	Latin	similis	assimilate, similarity simul-	imitating, feigning	Latin	simulare	simulation singul-	one each	Latin	singulus	singular sinistr-	left	Latin	sinister, sinistri	sinistral sinu-	(to draw) a line	Latin	sinuare	insinuate sinus-	hollow, bay	Latin	sinus siph(o)-	tube	Greek	σίφων (siphōn)	siphon sist-	cause to stand	Latin	sistere	consist, persistence sit(o)-	food, grain, wheat	Greek	σῖτος (sitos)	sitology soci-	group	Latin	socius, sociare	associate, social sol-	sun	Latin	sol, solis	solar sol-	comfort, soothe	Latin	solari	consolation sol-	alone, only	Latin	solus	desolate, sole, solo, solipsism solen-	pipe, channel	Greek	σωλήν (sōlēn)	solenoid solv-, solut-	loosen, set free	Latin	solvere, solutus	dissolve, solution soma-	body	Greek	σῶμα (sōma)	somatic somn-	sleep	Latin	somnus	insomnia somni-	dream	Latin	somnium son-	sound	Latin	sonus	resonance soph-	wise	Greek	σοφός (sophos)	sophist sorb-, sorpt-	suck	Latin	sorbere	absorb, absorption sord-	dirt	Latin	sordes, sordere	sordid soror-	sister	Latin	soror	sorority spati-	space	Latin	spatium	spatial spec-, -spic-, spect-	look	Latin	specere	conspicuous, inspection, specimen spect-	watch, look at	Latin	spectare	spectator specul-	observe	Latin	speculari	speculation sper-	hope	Latin	spes, sperare	desperation, esperance sperm-	seed	Greek	σπέρμα (sperma)	angiosperm sphen(o)-	wedge	Greek	σφήν (sphēn) spher-	ball	Greek	σφαῖρα (sphaira)	sphere, spheroid sphinct-	closing	Greek	σφίγγα	sphincter spic-	spike	Latin	spica	spicule spin-	thorn	Latin	spina	spine spir-	breathe	Latin	spirare	respiration spond-, spons-	a surety, guarantee; give assurance, promise solemnly	Latin	spondere, sponsus spondyl-	vertebra spu-, sput-	spew, spit	Latin	spuere	sputum squal-	scaly, dirty, filthy	Latin	squalere	squalid, squalor squam-	scale	Latin	squama squarros-	spreading at tips	Latin st-	stand	Latin	stare, status	stable, station, status, statistic, statue stagn-	pool of standing water	Latin	stagnare	stagnant stalact-		Greek	σταλακτίτης (stalaktitēs)	stalactite stalagm-		Greek	σταλαγμός (stalagmos)	stalagmite stann-	tin	Latin	stannum	stannous statu-, -stitu-	stand	Latin	statuere	institution, statute stea-	fat, tallow	Greek	στέαρ, στέατος (stear, steatos)	stearic acid steg-	covering	Greek		steganography stell-	star	Latin	stella	constellation, stellar sten-	narrow	Greek	στενός (stenos)	stenography stere-	solid	Greek	στερεός (stereos) stern-, strat-	spread, strew	Latin	sternere, stratus	stratify stern-	breastbone	Greek	στέρνον (sternon)	sternum stich-	line, row	Greek	στίχος (stichos) stig-		Greek	στίγμα (stigma)	stigma still-	drip	Latin	stilla, stillare	distillation stimul-	goad, rouse, excite	Latin	stimulus	stimulate stingu-, stinct-	apart	Latin	stinguere	distinction, distinguish stoch-	aim	Greek	στόχος	stochastic stom-	mouth	Greek	στόμα (stoma)	stomatoplasty strept-	twisted	Greek	στρεπτός (streptos) strig-	compress	Latin	strix, strigis	strigogyps strigos-	having stiff bristles	Latin string-, strict-	upright, stiff	Latin	stringere, strictus	stringent stroph-	turning	Greek	στροφή (strophē)	apostrophe stru-, struct-	structure, building	Latin	struere, structus	construction, construe stud-	dedication	Latin	studere	student stup-	wonder	Latin	stupere	stupor styl-	column, pillar	Greek	στῦλος (stulos)	stylus su-, sut-	sew	Latin	suere, sutus	suture sui-	self	Latin	sui	suicide suad-, suas-	urge	Latin	suadere, suasus	persuasion suav-	sweet	Latin	suavis	suave sub-, su-, sus-	below	Latin	sub	submerge subter-	under	Latin	subter	subterfuge sucr-	sugar	Latin		sucrose sud-	sweat	Latin	sudare	sudoriferous sulc-	furrow	Latin	sulcus	sulcus sum-, sumpt-	take	Latin	sumere, sumptus	assumption, consume super-	above, over	Latin	super	supersede supin-	lying back	Latin	supinus	supination supra-	above, over	Latin	supra	supranationalism surd-	deaf	Latin	surdus	absurdity surg-	rise	Latin	surgere	resurgent syn-, sy-, syl-, sym-	with	Greek	σύν (sun)	symbol, symmetry, synonym, system syring-	pipe	Greek	σύριγξ, σύριγγος (syrinx, syringos)	syringe [edit]T

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples tac-, -tic-	be silent	Latin	tacere, tacitus	reticent, tacit tach-	swift	Greek	ταχύς (tachus)	tachometer taenia-	ribbon	Greek	ταινία (tainia) tal-	ankle	Latin	talus tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag-	touch	Latin	tangere, tactus	contact, tactile, tangent tapet-	carpet	Latin	tapete, tapetis tard-	slow	Latin	tardus	retard, tardigrade, tardy tars-	ankle	Greek	ταρσός (tarsos, a flat basket)	tarsal taur-	bull	Greek	ταῦρος (tauros)	Minotaur taur-	bull	Latin	taurus	Taurus tax-	arrangement, order	Greek	τάξις (taxis)	taxonomy techn-	art, skill	Greek	τέχνη (technē)	technology teg-, tect-	cover	Latin	tegere, tectus	integument, protection tele-	far, end	Greek	τῆλε (tēle)	telegram, telephone, telescope teleo-	complete	Greek	τέλος (telos)	teleology temn-	cut	Greek	τέμνω (temnō) tempor-	time	Latin	tempus, temporis	contemporary, temporal, temporary ten-, -tin-, tent-	hold	Latin	tenere, tentus	continent, detention, tenacious, tenor tend-, tens-	stretch, strain	Latin	tendere, tensus	extend, extension tenu-	slender, thin	Latin	tenuis	attenuate, tenuous tep-	be warm	Latin	tepere	tepid, tepor ter-, trit-	rub	Latin	terere, tritus	attrition, contrite, detritus, trite teret-	rounded	Latin	teres, teretis	subterete, teretial terg-, ters-	wipe	Latin	tergere, tersus	detergent, terse termin-	boundary, limit, end	Latin	terminus	determine, terminal, termination tern-	three each	Latin	terni	ternary, ternion terr-	dry land	Latin	terra	subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain terti-	third	Latin	tertius	tertian, tertiary test-	witness	Latin	testis	testament, testimony tetr-	four	Greek	τετρά (tetra-)	tetrahedron, tetrode tex-, text-	weave	Latin	texere, textus	texture, textile thalam-	chamber, bed	Greek	θάλαμος (thalamos) thalass-	sea	Greek	θάλασσα (thalassa)	Panthalassa than-	death	Greek	θάνατος (thanatos)	euthanasia the-	put	Greek	τίθημι (tithemi)	theme, thesis -theca	case	Greek	θήκη (thēka)	Bibliotheca thel(o)-		Greek	θηλή the(o)-, thus-	god	Greek	θεός (theos)	theology, enthusiasm theori-		Greek	θεωρία	theorem, theory therm-	heat, warm	Greek	θερμός (thermos)	thermometer, endotherm thero-	beast, animal	Greek	θήρ, θηρός	theropod thymo-	mood	Greek	θυμός	dysthymia thyreo-	large shield	Greek	θυρεός	thyroid tim-	be afraid	Latin	timere	timid ting-, tinct-	moisten	Latin	tingere, tinctus	tincture tom-	cut	Greek	τομή (tome), τόμος (tomos)	ectomy, atom, tome ton-	stretch	Greek	τόνος (tonos)	tone, isotonic top-	place	Greek	τόπος (topos)	topic, topography torn-	cut	Latin from Greek	tornare < τόρνος (tornos) torpe-	numb	Latin	torpere	torpor torqu-, tort-	twist	Latin	torquere, tortus	extortion, torque, torture tot-	all, whole	Latin	totus	total tox(o)-	arrow, bow	Greek	τόξον (toxon) trab-	beam	Latin	trabs, trabis	trabeculae trachy-	rough	Greek	τραχύς (trachus)	trachea trag(o)-	goat	Greek	τράγος (tragos)	tragus trah-, tract-	draw, pull	Latin	trahere, tractus	subtrahend, tractor trans-, tra-, tran-	across	Latin	trans	tradition, transcend, transportation trapez-	four-sided, table	Greek	τράπεζα (trapeza)	trapezoid trapezius traum-	wound	Greek	τραῦμα (trauma)	trauma, traumatic trecent-	three hundred	Latin	trecenti	trecentennial tredec-	thirteen	Latin	tredecim	tredecimal treiskaidek-	thirteen	Greek	τρεισκαίδεκα (treiskaideka)	triskaidekaphobia trem-	tremble	Latin	tremere	tremor trema-	hole	Greek	τρῆμα (trēma)	trematode tri-	three	Greek	τρεῖς, τρία (treis, tria)	triad, trigon, tripod, triode tri-	three	Latin	trēs	triangle, trivia, triumvirate tricen-	thirty each	Latin	triceni	tricenary tricesim-, trigesim-	thirtieth	Latin	tricesimus	trigesimal trich-	hair	Greek	θρίξ, τριχός (thrix, trichos)	trichopathophobia, peritrichous trin-	three each	Latin	trini	trinity trit-	third	Greek	τρίτος (tritos)	tritagonist troch-	wheel	Greek	τροχός (trochos)	trochlea trop-	turning	Greek	τρόπος (tropos)	tropic troph-	feed, grow	Greek	τροφή, τροφός (trophos)	pogonotrophy, trophic, dystrophy trud-, trus-	thrust	Latin	trudere, trusus	extrusion, intrude tuss-	cough	Latin	tussis, tussire	pertussis tympan-	drum	Greek	τύμπανον (tumpanon)	tympani typ-	stamp, model	Greek	τύπος (tupos)	archetype, phenotype, typography [edit]U

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples uber-	fruitful	Latin	uber, uberare	exuberant uligin-	in marshes	Latin	uligo, uliginis	uliginous ulo-	wooly	Greek ultim-	farthest	Latin	ultimus	ultimatum, ultimate ultra-	beyond	Latin	ultra	ultrasonic umbilic-	navel	Latin	umbilicus	umbilical umbr-	shade, shadow	Latin	umbra	penumbra, umbrella un-, uni-	one	Latin	unus, unius	unary, union unc-	hooked	Latin	uncus	uncinate unci-	ounce, twelfth	Latin	uncia	uncial und-	wave	Latin	unda	abundant, undulate undecim-	eleventh	Latin	undecimus	undecimal unden-	eleven each	Latin	undeni	undenary ungui-	claw, nail	Latin	unguis ungul-	claw, hoof	Latin	ungula	ungulate ur-, uro-	tail	Greek	οὐρά (oura)	uroid, uroborus ur-, uro-	urine	Greek	οὖρον (ouron)	urology urb-	city	Latin	urbs, urbis	urban, urbanize, suburbanite, urbanism urg-	work	Latin	urgere	urgent urs-	bear	Latin	ursus	Ursa Major, ursine ut-, us-	use	Latin	uti, usus	usual, utility uv-	grape	Latin	uva	uvea uxor-	wife	Latin	uxor	uxoricide [edit]V

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples vac-	empty	Latin	vacare	vacancy, vacation, vacuum vad-, vas-	go	Latin	vadere	evade, pervasive vag-	wander	Latin	vagus, vagare	vagabond, vague van-	empty, vain, idle	Latin	vanus	vanity vap-	lack (of)	Latin	vapor	evaporation, vapid, vaporize veh-, vect-	carry	Latin	vehere, vectus	vehicle, vector vel-	veil	Latin	velum	revelation, velate vell-, vuls-	pull	Latin	vellere, vulsus	convulsion veloc-	quick	Latin	velox, velocis	velocity ven-	vein	Latin	vena	venosity ven-	hunt	Latin	venari	venison ven-, vent-	come	Latin	venire	advent, convention vend-	sell	Latin	vendere	vendor, vending vener-	respectful	Latin	venus	veneration, venereal vent-	wind	Latin	ventus	ventilation ventr-	belly	Latin	venter	ventral ver-	true	Latin	verus	verify, verity verb-	word	Latin	verbum	verbal, verbatim, verbosity verber-	whip	Latin	verber	reverberation verm-	worm	Latin	vermis	vermiform vern-	spring	Latin	ver, vernus	vernal vert-, vers-	turn	Latin	vertere, versus	convert, inversion, invert, vertical vesic-	bladder	Latin	vesica	vesical vesper-	evening, western	Latin	vespera	vesperal vest-	clothe, garment	Latin	vestis	divest, vest vestig-	follow, track	Latin	vestigium	investigate vet-	forbid	Latin	vetare	veto veter-	old	Latin	vetus, veteris	inveterate, veteran vi-	way	Latin	via	deviate, obvious, via vic-	change	Latin	vicis	vice versa, vicissitude vicen-, vigen-	twenty	Latin	viceni	vicenary vicesim-, vigesim-	twentieth	Latin	vicesimus	vicesimary, vicesimation, vigesimal vid-, vis-	see	Latin	videre, visus	video, vision vil-	cheap	Latin	vilis	vile, vilify vill-	shaggy hair, velvet	Latin	villus	villiform vin-	wine	Latin	vinum	vinous vinc-, vict-	conquer	Latin	vincere, victus	invincible, victory vir-	man	Latin	vir	virility vir-	green	Latin	virere	virid, viridian visc-	thick	Latin	viscum	viscosity viscer-	organs of the body cavity	Latin	viscus, visceris	eviscerate, visceral vit-	life	Latin	vita	vital vitell-	yolk	Latin	vitellus viti-	fault	Latin	vitium	vice, vitiate vitr-	glass	Latin	vitrum	vitreous viv-	live	Latin	vivere	revive, survive, vivid voc-	voice	Latin	vox, vocis	provocative, vocal, vocation vol-	fly	Latin	volare	volatility vol-	wish	Latin	velle	volition volv-, volut-	roll	Latin	volvere, volutus	convolution, revolve vom-	discharge	Latin	vomere	vomit vor-, vorac-	swallow	Latin	vorare, vorax	devour, voracious vov-, vot-	vow	Latin	vovere, votus	votive vulg-	common, crowd	Latin	vulgus	divulge, vulgarity, vulgate vulner-	wound	Latin	vulnus, vulneris	vulnerable vulp-	fox	Latin	vulpes, vulpis	vulpine

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples xanth-	yellow	Greek	ξάνθος (xanthos)	xanthogenic xen-	foreign	Greek	ξένος (xenos)	xenophobia xer-	dry	Greek	ξηρός (xēros)	xerography, xerophyte xiph-	sword	Greek	ξίφος (xiphos)	xiphoid xyl-	wood	Greek	ξύλον (xulon)	xylophone, xylem

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples zo-	animal, living being	Greek	ζῷον (zōion)	protozoa, zoo, zoology zon-	belt, girdle	Greek	ζώνη (zōnē)	zone zyg-	yoke	Greek	ζυγός (zugon)	heterozygous, zygote zym-	ferment	Greek	ζύμη (zumē)	enzyme, lysozyme