User:E.coop99/2'-O-methylation

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lead section: what it is, where it can be found.....

2'-O-methylation is a common nucleotide epitranscriptomics modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The rRNA is transcribed from DNA and then used to create proteins through transcription. The resulting protein would control the phenotype of the gene it was transcribed from. This modification to the rRNA is done via ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) where a methyl group is added to the 2' hydroxyl of the ribose moiety of any nucleotide (Nm) producing a methoxy group. The modification of one Nm creates more stabilization in the structure by 0.2kcal/mol which is more enthalpically favorable. 2'-O-methylated nucleotides are mostly found in post-translational ribosomal RNA and small nuclear RNA located in the ribosome and spliceosome. Currently, about 1210 2'-O-methylations (2'-O-Me) have been identified in mammals and yeast and deposited in RMBase (RNA Modification Base) database.

This modification is able to stabilize the structure of RNA while preventing it from undergoing hydrolysis as the hydroxyl group is replaced. The methylation will also disrupt the ****** to this change, this can be utilized as a tool to analyze if this particular modification occurred. The epitranscriptomics of this particular RNA modification occurs post-translation, causing a change in the resulting protein without the DNA being altered. ( add source)

Having chemical properties intermediate between RNA and DNA, 2'-O-methylation is presumed to have been one of the reactive group of RNA molecules on early Earth that would have given rise to DNA.