User:EBMLibrarian/Congenital rubella syndrome

Signs and symptoms
The classic triad for congenital rubella syndrome is:


 * Sensorineural deafness (58% of patients)
 * Eye abnormalities—especially retinopathy, cataract , glaucoma , and microphthalmia (43% of patients)
 * Congenital heart disease —especially pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus (50% of patients)

Other manifestations of CRS may include:


 * Spleen, liver, or bone marrow problems (some of which may disappear shortly after birth)
 * Intellectual disability
 * Small head size (microcephaly)
 * Low birth weight
 * Thrombocytopenic purpura, leading to easy or excessive bleeding or bruising
 * Extramedullary hematopoiesis (presents as a characteristic blueberry muffin rash)
 * Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
 * Small jaw size (micrognathia)
 * Skin lesions
 * Radiolucent bone disease

Children who have been exposed to rubella in the womb should also be watched closely as they age for any indication of:


 * Developmental delay
 * Autism
 * Schizophrenia
 * Growth retardation
 * Learning disabilities
 * Diabetes mellitus
 * Thyroid disorders

Some babies will continue to excrete the virus for months after birth. These infants can sometimes be asymptomatic and do not exhibit any of the clinical symptoms.

Early diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome is important for planning future medical care and educational placement.