User:EKF63/Tecumtum/Bibliography

== Bibliography ==

- The Rogue River War

-Shallenberger, Sara E., "Session 1: Panel 1: Presenter 2 (Paper) -- The Rogue River War 1855-1856" (2021). Young Historians Conference. 10. -(https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1220&context=younghistorians)

-Merriam, Willis B. “Notes on Historical Geography of Rogue River Valley.”

-Oregon Historical Quarterly 42, no. 4 (1941): 317–22. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/20611372. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20611372.]

-The People and the River: A History of the Indians of the Upper Rogue River Valley

-Elizabeth Heckert, The People and the River: A History of the Indians of the Upper Rogue River Valley (Ashland: Aquarius Press, 1977), 136.

Background
Tecumtum was a powerful leader known by a variety of names such as Elk killer, Chief John, old John, and Tyee John. He was chief of the Etch-ka-taw-wah Athabaskan Indians who were the last to surrender in the Rogue River war in 1855-1856. He lived in Deer Creek in Illinois Valley and had three treaties signed prior to the Rogue River War in 1851-1854. Chief John wanted to live in peace and harmony alongside the "white man" but was unwilling to forfeit his lands and grounds to live on a reservation. Tecumtum and Adam, his son, were both "imprisoned in San Francisco for plotting an uprising. " Tecumtums date of passing was June 6th, 1864, due to old age.

Wars
The discovery of gold brought a plethora of people to Southwestern Oregon in 1850, where Indians and whites were already tense and on the brink of war. Not long after the lynching in 1855 of one of Tecumtum's sons and another tribe member, Jacksonville volunteers massacred a Native American village. After this occurrence, Tecumtum, followed by his men, made their way into the mountains where they spent their time fighting with the whites for a year. In the Summer of 1856, the surrendering of Tecumtum and his men became apparent, then he and his people were forced to travel by foot 125 miles to the land they were forced to live upon, now called the Siletz Reservation