User:EOZyo/sandbox/Government of Veracruz

The Government of Veracruz, formally Government of the State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, is the governmental structure responsible for the administration of the Mexican state of Veracruz. As all the Mexican federated states, the state government is organized under the principle of separation of powers. Since its first Constitution, enacted in 1825, it was established that the Public State Power was to be separated into Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary. At local level, the state is divided in autonomous municipalities with their own independent governments and by-laws.

Commonly, the terms Government of Veracruz, Government of the State, or State Govermenment refer specifically to the Executive branch and its dependencies. Nevertheless, at certain institutional events, such as the inauguration of new state or municipal governments, members of all of the three branches may be collectively referred as representatives of the Government of the State.

Supreme Law
The State Constitution (Constitución Estatal), officially Political Constitution of the State of Veracruz of Ignacio de la Llave (Constitución Política del Estado de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is the Supreme Law of the State, however, it does not supersedes the federal Constitution. All state laws not falling under federal regulations emanate from the state Constitution.

The Article 17 of the state Constitution is the legal basis for the separation of powers and their respective obligations and prerogatives. It also establishes the municipality of Xalapa-Enríquez as seat of government.

Seat of Government
Originally, the first seat of government was established in the city of Veracruz, however, it was moved to Xalapa for the first time on 21 January 1824. In fact, between 1824 and 1922, due to unstable political and social environment in the state—and the country in general—the seat of government was intermittently installed among the cities of Veracruz, Xalapa, Huatusco, Misantla, Coatepec, Los Tuxtlas, Cosamaloapan, Tlacolulan, Orizaba, Tuxpan and Córdoba.

The current seat of the three branches of Government is the city of Xalapa, formally Xalapa-Enríquez, which also serves as the official capital of the state since 26 May 1924. However, since the 2000 Integral Reform to the State Constitution, its mandatory for the state legislature to hold sessions, at least once a year, in the municipal seat of a municipality in the northern, central, or southern regions of the state. To fulfill this mandate, Congress is allowed to provisionally change its seat.

Executive power


The Executive branch is vested in the Governor of Veracruz, officially Governor of the State, who is also known by the metonyms "The Executive" or "State Executive" (el Ejecutivo o Ejecutivo estatal). Frequently, the activities of the Governor, the State Cabinet, and other dependencies of the executive are conjointly referred as State Government. The day-to-day operation and activities of the Government of Veracruz are performed by subordinated departments and agencies of the State Public Administration.

Governor
The Governor is the head of government, and his term is limited to six years (sexenio) without the possibility of re-election. Moreover, any person who has held the office—as interim, provisional, or substitute—cannot not hold the office again.

The State Executive has prerogatives exclusive to his office, such as the appointment of members of the State Cabinet (usually close partisan allies), to promulgate laws and decrees approved by Congress and the necessary regulations to execute and comply with them, propose to Congress a yearly State Budget, and the Power to grant pardon to state inmates, among others.

The Governor is the head of the State Public Administration (Administración Pública Estatal), divided in Centralized and Decentralized, which includes the State Cabinet (Gabinete del Estado or Oficinas de Despacho), dependencies, autonomous bodies, and para-statal companies subordinated to the state executive.

Centralized State Public Administration
The Centralized State Public Administration is directly under authority of the Governor. The Governor has full power to appoint and remove the heads of all the Centralized State Public Administration dependencies.

State Cabinet
The State Cabinet is formed by the State Secretaries and the Dependencies of the Executive power. The most important components of the State Cabinet (Gabinete Estatal or Oficinas del Despacho de Gobierno) are the 13 State Secretariats, followed by the State dependencies. Nevertheless, the local Constitution states that are dependencies have equal rank without preeminence.


 * Secretariat of the Interior (SEGOB, Secretaría de Gobernación)
 * Secretariat of Public Safety (SSP, Secretaría de Seguridad Pública)
 * Secretariat of Finances and Planning (SEFIPLAN, Secretaría de Finanzas y Planeación)
 * Secretariat of Education of Veracruz (SEV, Secretaría de Educación de Veracruz)
 * Secretariat of Labor, Social Welfare, and Productivity (STPSP, Secretaría del Trabajo, Previsión Social y Productividad)
 * Secretariat of Economic and Ports Development (SEDECOP, Secretaría de Desarrollo Económico y Portuario)
 * Secretariat of Infrastructure and Public Works (SIOP, Secretaría de Infraestructura y Obras Públicas)
 * Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL, Secretaría de Desarrollo Social)
 * Secretariat of the Environment (SEDEMA, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente)
 * Secretariat of Agricultural, Rural, and Fishing Development (SEDARPA, Secretaría de Desarrollo Agropecuario, Rural y Pesca)
 * Secretariat of Health (SS, Secretaría de Salud)
 * Secretariat of Tourism (SECTUR, Secretaría de Turismo)
 * Secretariat of Civil Protection (PC, Secretaría de Protección Civil)
 * Comptroller General of the State (CGE, Contraloría General del Estado)
 * Social Communication General Coordinator (CGCS, Coordinación General de Comunicación Social)
 * Program of the Government Office (PROGOB, Oficina de Programa de Gobierno)
 * Governor's Office (Oficina del Gobernador)

Autonomous Bodies
The Autonomous Bodies are created by the executive, however, the latter has no authority over the activities they perform.


 * State Human Rights Commission (Comisión Estatal de Derechos Humanos)
 * State Supreme Supervision Body (Órgano de Fiscalización Superior del Estado)
 * Veracruz Information Access Institute (Instituto Veracruzano de Acceso a la Información)
 * State Commission for Attention and Protection to Journalists (Comisión Estatal para la Atención y Protección de los Periodistas)
 * State General Attorney (Fiscalía General del Estado)

Para-statal bodies
These are companies or institutions in which the Government of the State has control or participation of at least 51%. SEFIPLAN lists, as of 2022, the following para-statal entities:


 * Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Veracruz
 * Colegio de Educación Profesional Técnica del Estado de Veracruz
 * Colegio de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos del Estado de Veracruz
 * Colegio de Veracruz
 * Comisión de Arbitraje Médico del Estado de Veracruz
 * Comisión del Agua del Estado de Veracruz
 * Comisión Ejecutiva de Atención Integral a de Víctimas del Delito
 * Consejo Veracruzano de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico
 * Instituto de Capacitación para el Trabajo del Estado de Veracruz
 * Instituto de Espacios Educativos del Estado de Veracruz
 * Instituto de la Policía Auxiliar y Protección Patrimonial
 * Instituto de Pensiones del Estado de Veracruz
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Acayucan
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Álamo Temapache
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Alvarado
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Chicontepec
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cosamaloapan
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Huatusco
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Juan Rodríguez Clara
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Jesús Carranza
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Naranjos
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Pánuco
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Perote
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Poza Rica
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de San Andrés Tuxtla
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tantoyuca
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tierra Blanca
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa
 * Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zongolica
 * Instituto Veracruzano de Educación para los Adultos
 * Instituto Veracruzano de la Cultura
 * Instituto Veracruzano de la Vivienda
 * Instituto Veracruzano de las Mujeres
 * Instituto Veracruzano del Deporte
 * Secretaria Ejecutiva del Sistema Estatal Anticorrupción de Veracruz
 * Servicios de Salud de Veracruz
 * Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia del Estado de Veracruz
 * Radiotelevisión de Veracruz
 * Régimen Veracruzano de Protección Social en Salud
 * Universidad Politécnica de Huatusco
 * Universidad Popular Autónoma de Veracruz
 * Universidad Tecnológica del Centro de Veracruz
 * Universidad Tecnológica de Gutierrez Zamora
 * Universidad Tecnológica del Sureste
 * Universidad Veracruzana

Legislative power
The local legislature, formally known as Congreso del Estado (lit. 'Congress of the State'), is unicameral and has 50 members elected every three years by direct election. Deputies can run for re-election up to 4 consecutive legislative periods, however, the Constitution does not set any limit for non-consecutive terms.

A new legislature starts works on the 5th of November of the same election year. During the inaugural session, deputies vote to elect the members of the Executive Board. Once the members of the Executive Board are elected and sworn in, the State Congress is declared formally installed. The State Congress opens to session on December 5.

Executive Board
The Executive Board (Mesa Directiva) consists of the President, Vice-President, and Secretary and is elected for full three years of the legislature, and until the new one is installed. The President of the Executive Board is the President of the Congress of the State. The incumbent President is Cecilia Josefina Guevara Guembe, Morena deputy for the V Local Electoral District of Poza Rica.

The Executive Board is responsible to lead the sessions according to the principles of freedom, impartiality, and objectivity. It is in charge to carry on with the adequate development of debates, deliberations, and voting procedures of the Assembly. Moreover, it is charged with the planning and execution of the Order of the Day and to provide everything needed to establish the Legislative Groups.

Political Coordination Board
The Political Coordination Board (Junta de Coordinación Política) is the governing body of the Congress and its charged with keeping the optimal exercise legislative, political, and administrative work. It consists of the President of the Executive Board and the Legislative Groups Coordinators.

Legislative Groups
Legislative Groups (Grupos Legislativos) are associations formed by deputies from the same political party. Their function is to guarantee the freedom of expression of the political views represented in Congress. At least three deputies are needed to form a Legislative Group and there can only be one per political party. In the case of Mixed Legislative Groups, those formed by deputies of different parties, there is no limit in terms of membership. One-party Legislative Groups are installed during the first ordinary session of Congress; mixed Legislative Groups can be formed whenever their members decide to integrate one. The Coordinators, elected by group members, speak for the group, help with the election of the members of the Executive Board, and have a seat on the Political Coordination Board.

Judiciary
The Judiciary power is vested in the Supreme Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justicia), the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration (Tribunal de Conciliación y Arbitraje), and the courts indicated by the Organic Law on the matter.

Municipal government
The state is divided in 212 municipalities lead by a Municipal Council.