User:Edelino/sandbox

What is Fake News? The term “Fake news” is deliberately in the form of news media or social media to disseminate false information, which may be misleading the public, in order to acquire political or economic interests (Hunt 2017). Sometimes claims to want to entertain readers rather than disperse information to deceive readers

“Some claim that the term has now been co-opted by politicians and commentators to mean anything they disagree with - making the term essentially meaningless and more of a stick to beat the mainstream press with than a phenomenon in itself. Donald Trump said recently that "any negative polls are fake news".

Create a new section: Fake news vs false news

"The solution, I think, is to draw a distinction between fake news and false news. I’d define fake news as content produced by sites whose sole purpose is to game Facebook’s (and Google’s) algorithms for profit, and is thus a worthy target of eradication efforts. False news, by contrast, is political speech, and the way we deal with falsehoods in this country is to fight it out in Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.’s marketplace of ideas, trusting that the truth will ultimately win out".

Also, I should add a comment on definition about that fake news could mean the association or leading of people to the "wrong" result? Like the media just report some part of the truth, add some air into it, mislead the audience to some sort of bias toward the object; kinda like fake news?

Taiwan: "Schoolkids in Taiwan Will Now Be Taught How to Identify Fake News". Regarding the global three to free speech, the Taiwanese government has reformed the policy on education, which will include the “media literacy" to one part of school work for the students, to develop the critical thinking skill while suffering on social media. Further, the work of media literacy will also be included the skills, such as analyzing propaganda and sources, for student to clarify what is fake news.

The alternative fact should always be associated with fake news. My understanding to the Alternative fact:

This term is describing different facts as seen by people and their opinions. Also, it could be describing the term “You opinion vs My truth” ("Your Opinion Vs. My Truth", 2017). The alternative fact might be the story involving both facts and personal opinions, which could sometimes make the story become totally opposite towards the matter it might not be the truth of the fact anymore. According to Maxwell Tani(2017), Alternative facts are not facts — they are falsehoods.” In some cases, the speaker would use a certain part of the fact story, plus its own opinions, to make up a new story or explanation toward the original fact. Nevertheless, Seipel (2017) has shown the counter argument of the term alternative facts by Kellyanne Conway; Top White House advisor, "Two plus two is four. Three plus one is four. Partly cloudy, partly sunny. Glass half full, glass half empty. Those are alternative facts”. I do not agree with the explanation of alternative facts by Kellyanne Conway. Mainly, she states "Two plus two is four and three plus one is four” to point the different way to acquire the same answer. However, in the realistic world, things are not that simple. For the same news, the different way of reporting it, which could be leading to different side effects, is the attitudes of people viewing this matter or issue. It could also not be leading to the same result at the end through different ways of approaching the matter. Since the alternative fact is based on the truth, and the personal opinions, it could be linked to the similar concept of fake news. In some cases, fake news could be based on certain of fact or truth, and personal opinion then resulted to different story/ conclusions.

"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/17/515630467/with-fake-news-trump-moves-from-alternative-facts-to-alternative-language" With 'Fake News,' Trump Moves From Alternative Facts To Alternative Language"

"When you start to suggest that there are alternative facts and you start to criticize your opponents for fake news, you're undermining the credibility of the one institution that holds all the others accountable."

Australia: In regarding the fake news issues happened on the recent United State election, the Australia Parliament has now initiated investigation into “fake news” in Australia. The inquiry would be looking at few major area, included finding audiences most vulnerable to fake news, consider the impact on classic journalism, and evaluate the liability of online advertisers and regulate the spreading the hoaxes. This act of Aussie parliament, to combat the threat of social media power on spreading fakes news as concluded negative result to the public.

http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/parliament-to-launch-inquiry-into-fake-news-in-australia-20170330-gv9xwz.html

China: Regarding the issues of fake news happen to the recent Untied State election, what has given an excuse to the Chinese Government to further prohibit the Western democracy and press freedom. Also, the Chinese government has blamed on the Western media organization about bias and dishonest report to Persistent Trump, they have expanded the internet regulation and prohibition to the Western Media organization from entering China. Looking at more fakes news problem in China, the power of internet and social media. According to the Chinese government referring a practice what people present themselves as journalists, spreading the fault informations about the organisations, politician, and celebrity, until they pay them to stop the action. These people would use the online social media to spread the fake news, to achieve their goals. David Bandurski, University of Hong Kong’s China Media Projector, this problem is growing and gotten worse.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/world/asia/china-fake-news-xie.html?_r=0 https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/03/28/china-targets-fake-news/

Singapore: Looking at the fake news problems in Singapore, the government is attempting to offer the limited remedies in the current law. According to the Law Minister K. Shanmugam, he has suggested to the parliament on the current law remediation to fake news, included to reform the currnet Telecommunications Act; transmit false message will be known as guilty. http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/fake-news-current-laws-offer-limited-remedies

Taiwan Proofread (First Attempts): According to the news updated paper from the Time World in regards the global threat to free speech, the Taiwanese government has reformed its policy on education and it will include “media literacy" as one part of school curriculum for the students. It will be included to develop the critical thinking skills needed while using social media. Further, the work of media literacy will also include the skills needed to analyze propaganda and sources, so the student can clarify what is fake news.

Australia Proofread (First Attempts): In regard to the issue of fake news concerning the recent United States elections, the Australian Parliament has now initiated investigations into “fake news” in Australia. The inquiry would be looking at a few major areas, including establishing the audiences most prone to fake news, examining the impact of fake news on classic journalism, evaluating the liability of online advertisers, and regulating the spreading of hoaxes. The move by the Australian Parliament to combat the threat posed by social media in spreading fakes news is based on the potential negative impact on the political scene and the public at large.

http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/parliament-to-launch-inquiry-into-fake-news-in-australia-20170330-gv9xwz.html

China Proofread (First Attempts) The issue of fake news in the recent Untied States election has given the Chinese Government a reason to further prohibit Western democracy and press freedom in the country. The Chinese government has also accused Western media organizations of bias and involvement in dishonest reporting on President Trump. In this light, the government has expanded internet regulation and prohibited Western Media organizations from entering China. The issue of fake news in China is associated with the power of internet and social media. According to the Chinese government, there is a practice where people who present themselves as journalists spread fake information about organizations, politicians, and celebrities until they are paid by the affected parties to stop the action. These people use online social media to spread fake news in order to achieve their goals. According to David Bandurski, University of Hong Kong’s China Media Projector, this problem is growing and worsening by the day.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/world/asia/china-fake-news-xie.html?_r=0 https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/03/28/china-targets-fake-news/

Singapore Proofread (First Attempts) Concerning the fake news problems in Singapore, the government is attempting to offer limited remedies within the current legal framework. The Law Minister, K. Shanmugam, has suggested to the parliament a possible remediation to fake news, which involves reforming the current Telecommunications Act. Under this reform, transmitting false message will be considered an offence. http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/fake-news-current-laws-offer-limited-remedies