User:Edenambaye/Diversity in swimming/Bibliography

NPR. “Racial History of American Swimming Pools.” NPR, NPR, 6 May 2008, www.npr.org/transcripts/90213675. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.

In this 50-minute NPR (National Public Radio) podcast, American journalist Rachel Martin interviews experts Dr. Jeff Wiltse and Mike Pesca on the history of segregated pools in the United States – ultimately providing a general introduction to the racist institutions that have contributed to lower rates of swimming in black communities. Martin outlines the evolution of swimming pools, demonstrating how African Americans have been historically excluded from these spaces. In my final project, this podcast will serve as a source of information regarding chronology.

McGhee, Heather. “Public Pools Used to Be Everywhere in America. Then Racism Shut Them Down.” Marketplace, 15 Feb. 2021, www.marketplace.org/2021/02/15/public-pools-used-to-be-everywhere-in-america-then-racism-shut-them-down/. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.

In this article, bestselling author Heather McGhee dives into the history of public swimming pools in the United States. This source will provide information on the Fairground Park Pool riot – a major race uproar that occurred upon the integration of the St. Louis pools. I plan to cite McGhee when explaining the downfall of American public pools and how it is the product of backlash from desegregation.

Wiltse, Jeff. Contested Waters a Social History of Swimming Pools in America. Univ Of North Carolina Pr, 2010.

In this book, expert Jeff Wiltse details the relationship between the over-sexualization, demonization, and criminalization of black men and how it impacts the way they are treated in pool settings. In my final project, I plan to include and expand on Wiltse’s social commentary on how stereotypes and prejudices contribute to the general sense of unease and discomfort within the black community in swimming pools.

Blakemore, Erin. “Public Swimming Pools Are Still Haunted by Segregation’s Legacy.” History, 11 June 2021, www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/public-swimming-pools-still-haunted-by-segregation-legacy. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.

This National Geographic article explores 20th-century public swimming pools and how the Progressive Era reform movements served as a background for the desegregation of pools and beaches. I hope to utilize Blakemore’s article to include information about the several landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board, and Lopez v. Seccombe that are integral to the complex history between people of color and swimming pools.

Drowning Facts. 2024, www.cdc.gov/drowning/facts/index.html#:~:text=Drowning%20death%20rates%20for%20Black,(rates%203.6%20times%20higher).&text=In%20swimming%20pools%2C%20Black%20children,times%20higher%20than%20White%20children. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.

The CDC’s sub-page on racial and ethnic drowning rates demonstrates exceptionally high mortality rates for black children in swimming pools. The statistics on drowning provide reliable data points to build my argument that historical barriers to accessing pools pose direct and life-threatening dangers to the black community.

‌Wiltse, Jeff. “Beyond Pool Patrol Paula and ID Adam: America’s Long History of Racism at Pools.” Vox, Vox, 11 July 2018, www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2018/7/11/17556342/adam-bloom-pool-patrol-paula-video-racist. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.

Expert Jeff Wiltse analyzes three major race-related pool incidents in South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee. All of these situations serve to validate the existence of tension and racial profiling experienced by African Americans at public pools. In my project, I would like to use the three cases to illustrate recent manifestations of segregation in swimming facilities.