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Gujrat, Pakistan
Gujrat (Punjabi), is a city in the Pakistani province of Punjab. It is the headquarters of the Gujrat District and the 21st largest city in Pakistan. Along with the nearby cities of Sialkot and Gujranwala, Gujrat forms part of the Golden Triangle of industrial cities with export-oriented economies.

History
Little is known concerning the early history of the district. The town of Gujrat itself is of modern origin, but occupies the site of an ancient city, the foundation of which is traditionally assigned to one Raja Bachan Pal, a Surajbansi Rajput who migrated from the Lower Gangetic Doaba, but of whom nothing more is known. The original name of the city is said to have been Udanagri, that is the everlasting or sweet smelling. The period of the colonization of the district by Jat and Gujar tribes, cannot be determined with certainty.

In the reign of Bahlol Lodhi (A.D. 1450-88) it appears that the tract of country on the right bank of the Chenab, including that part of this district which was separated from the province of Sialkot, formed into an independent charge under the name of Zila Bahlolpur. The ensuing century was era of great the Delhi empire under Akbar. Akbar is said to have visited this part of the country to assert his authority and having including the Gujars of the neighbourhood to restore Gujrat, made by Gujar clans and the other half by Jats. This new district was known as Chala Gujrat. It was divided into two Primary sub-divisions the Pargana of Gujrat and Herat, the latter being the Jat and the former the Gujar country. There was subsequently a third pargana formed that Shahjahanpur (subsequently called Dinga). The Parganas were sub-divided into Tappas, and the Tappas again into Tops. This system continued until the death of Aurangzeb in A.D. 1707 that plunged the empire into disorder. The details of internal administration appears to have been mainly left to local notables appointed under the name of Chaudhry for every Top or group of villages who were responsible for collection of revenue.

During the decay of the empire the district suffered badly. In A.D 1738 it was ravaged by Nadir Shah and was soon afterwards over run by the Ghakkar of Rawalpindi under Sultan Mukarrab Khan who succeeded in establishing himself at Gujrat in A.D. 1741. From 1748 to 1761 the district was a prey, with little or no respite, to the advancing and retiring armies of Ahmed Shah Durrani whose route to and from Punjab lay across it, the government meanwhile being nominally administered by Mukkarrab Khan, who had been confirmed in his possession by the Durrani monarch. Mukarrab Khan thus ruled Gujrat until 1765, when Sardar Gujar Singh Bhangi, crossed the Chenab and advanced to Lahore and Amritsar. Mukarrab Khan confronted him outside the walls of Gujrat, but was defeated and compelled to retire beyond the Jhelum, and the district fell without further struggle into the hands of the conqueror. In 1767 when Ahmed Shah made his last descent upon Punjab, Sardar Gujar Singh retired bending before the storm but in the following year again marched northward, and having recovered his former conquests with little trouble, laid siege to the famous fort of Rohtas in Jhelum. On this occasion he was allied with Sardar Charat Singh Sukarachakia, grandfather of Ranjit Singh, with whom he divided the Upper Punjab. The greater part of this district together with the town and fort of Gujrat, fell to the share of Gujar Singh. As soon his affairs in the north were definitely arranged Gujar Singh who was mixed up in the intrigues for power which centred at this period upon Amritsar and Lahore divided the territories between his sons Sukha Singh and Salib Singh, the latter being installed at Gujrat. The brothers, however, soon quarreled and in an action which took place between them, Sukha Singh was killed. Thereupon Gujar Singh marched northwards to punish Sahib Singh. The latter, at first made preparations for resistance, but a reconciliation being affected he was permitted to retain Gujrat. Gujar Singh died in 1788, leaving his estate to his youngest son Fateh Singh.

Sahib Singh, however, obtained possession of the whole territory which had belonged to him. Fateh Singh took refuge with Mohan Singh, who espoused his cause and hostilities ensured, in the course of which Sahib Singh was at one time closely shut up in the fortress of Sodra. With the help of Karam Singh Dulu, he succeeded at length in beating off the attacks of Mohan Singh who shortly afterwards died, leaving the area as a legacy to his son, do of peace and quite. In 1806, Ranjit Singh tried to disposes Sahib Singh of his possessions. But in 1810, at the intercession of his mother, Mai Lachhmi, Ranjit Singh conferred upon him in Jagir the Bajwat territory, now belonging to Sailkot where he resided till his death in 1814. In peace at Gujrat, which remained his headquarters until 1797 when he retired to the hills before the advancing army of Shah Zaman, but shortly afterwards with the help of the Chief of Attari and Wazirabad defeated the representative of Shah Zaman and reoccupied Gujrat.

Ranjit Singh, whose power was on the accident during this period finding an excuse in the conduct of Fateh Singh, marched against Gujrat. After a dried period of warfare, a reconciliation was affected between the brothers, after which Sahib Singh headed the Darbar and enjoyed a period of peace and quite. Under Sikh rule the district was formed into Talukas, of which the largest was that which had its headquarters at Gujrat. The Phalia.Dinga Kunja, Wazirabad, Kathala, Kariali and Dadirabad Talukas were retained under direct management (Khalsa) while the remainders of the district was, with few exception, pithier farmed out to contractors or granted in Jagir on condition of military services. The Talukas were further sub-divided into Zails.

The first governors of Gujrat under Ranjit Singh were Khalifa Nur-ud-Din and Faqir Aziz -ud-Din, whose system is thus described by Captain Mackenzie: "Wherever they found powerful or influential head of clans, they propitiated them by the bestowal of Inams and by maintaining their influence. These men soon assumed the position of half government officials and half clan representatives. They attended the Darbar (the court of the royal agent) and were consulted in all points affecting the administration of the revenue in their respective tracts. These tracts soon became exactly defined and denominated Zails and within their limits the Chaudhries, now termed Zaildars, were employed as fiscal agents or assistants, go-between to the government and the agricultural community. Sometimes, they would even be given a contract for the revenue of their respective Zails."

The only notable agent of the Sikh administration was Raja Gulab Singh, afterwards ruler of Kashmir, who was contractor for the revenue of the whole upper portion of the Chaj Doab from 1834 to 1846, whose administration appears to have been popular in the public.

The district first came under the supervision of British officers in 1846, when Lieutenant Lake affected a settlement of the land revenue under the order of the provincial government established at Lahore. On the outbreak of the second Sikh War, Gujrat was for some time in the hands of the insurgent Sikhs, and it was within the borders of this district that the final struggles, the battles of Chillianwala and Gujrat, took place. The district then with the remainder of Punjab, passed under British rule. Chillianwala from that day was called by the people of neighborhood as "Katalgarh" the house of slaughter.

The whole country of the Chaj Doab, from the Jammu border to the junction of the Chenab and Jhelum, formed in the first instance a single district. In June of the year of annexation, however this huge charge was broken up, and the southern portion of the Doaba (the Kardaris of Miani, Sahiwal and half Kadirabad) were quartered at Shahpur. Some exchange of villages took place between Gujrat and Shahpur district between 1851 and 1857. Finally, in 1857, the Bajwat country, lying between the Tawi and the Chenab, was transferred to the district of Sialkot. The present Tehsil boundaries were fixed in 1856. At first, the headquarters of the Tehsils were at Gujrat, Kunjah and Kadirabad, but in June 1849, the two latter Tehsil headquarters were abandoned in favour of Kharian and Phalia.

The next change in the boundaries of the district was made in 1911 and 1914, when 81 estates, including government rakhs, were transferred from Shahpur to Gujrat including most of the 28 transferred to Shahpur in 1855. The reason for the change was to keep irrigation from the Upper Jhelum canal in the Gujrat district

Area
Area of Gujrat 65 km2 (25 sq mi) Population of Gujrat is 390,533 and 20 largest city of Pakistan.

Education

 * Some educational institute of Gujrat
 * University of Gujrat
 * Nawaz Sharif Medical College
 * University of Lahore
 * University of Central Punjab
 * Punjab College of Science, Gujrat Campus
 * The Superior College, Gujrat CampusPunjab College Gujrat view from GT Road, Gujrat, Pakistan.jpg
 * Beaconhouse School System
 * The Educators
 * Lahore Grammar School
 * Dar-e-Arqam Schools

Geography
The city lies just north of the Chenab River and is connected with Lahore and Peshawar via the Grand Trunk Road.