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Thunder Bay Geography Summative By Ella Sabourin.

Thunder Bay Geography Summative

Human Geography:

Population: 108,359

Time Zone: North American Eastern Standard Time

Latitude: 48.3822° N

Longitude: 89.2461° W

Elevation: 183 m

Avg. Summer Temperature: June 13.9, July 17.7, August 16.4 , September 11.2 =59.2/4 =14.8 degrees Celsius

Avg. Winter Temperature: December -11.3, January -15.0, February  -12.8, March  -5.6. = -44.7/4 = -11.18

Primary Industries:

The prevalent primary industry in Thunder Bay is mining. Thunder Bay is renowned for its beautiful gems called purple haze amethyst. There are many logging companies, so I believe logging and forestry is a major primary sector within Thunder Bay.

Secondary industries:

The Thunder Bay Paper mill is a secondary industry in Thunder Bay that produces paper from wood. There are also sawmills, veneer mills, structural board plants, and lumber plants producing wood products.

Tertiary Industries:

There are several tertiary industries in Thunder Bay in categories such as: antiques, arts and crafts, bakeries, pubs, book stores, deli’s, farmers markets, gift shops, chain outlets, sewing shops, shopping malls, sporting shops, and specialty shops. A tertiary industry that corresponds to the mining of purple haze amethyst is a store that sells mainly amethyst along with other minerals. I forget the name, but it was a really cool store.

High Tech Industries

The only specialized high tech industry within Thunder bay that I was able to locate is Future Shop. I’m sure there are more, but compared to Montreal and Toronto and even Ottawa, Thunder Bay is quite a rural place. It isn’t as urbanized as we are.

2 Points

Push Factors Pull Factors Perceived as “boring” Due to Fort Frances paper mill closing, the company called Resolute will be pushing employees to the saw mill in Thunder Bay Alcoholism is somewhat prominent at certain times in the year Employment options within Health science Crime: domestic disputes, smashed windows, assaults, etc. Connection to nature that isn’t available in “urban towns”. Instability with paper mill Cultural acceptance to aboriginals. Not urbanized so there are less jobs in High Tech Industries, which are very successful and allow major job opportunities Tourist areas such as Fort William, Mount McKay, and Kakabeka Falls.

The history of Thunder Bay’s inhabitants goes back 11,000 years to Palio-Indians. There is no written proof of this, but archeologists have discovered stone tools that date back to that era. As well, copper fish hooks, knives, and gaffs belonging to residents who lived there 4000 to 5000 years ago have been discovered. Anthropological evidence shows that those inhabitants mined copper from as far back as 5000 BCE. European contact took place in the 17th Century when Ojibway peoples dominated Thunder Bay culture. The Kaministiquia River was used in the fur trade there. In the east end of Thunder Bay, Fort William was a hub for the Canadian fur trade. Couriers des bois, Gentlemen, and Natives went there for business transactions. Fort William was a bustling community for trading partners, voyageurs and Indians, especially regarding fur. “The Depot” in Thunder Bay was chosen as a landing spot for ships in 1805. When rail line was made in 1882, grain became the economic groundbreaker. Then mining was prominent from the lucrative silver mined on the Sibley Peninsula. When the railway was completed, logging turned into the leading industry. Bushworkers used horse drawn sleighs for log hauling into river banks. They were transported to Lake Superior sawmills to be put through the secondary industry there. Developments like the Lakehead University, Confederation College of Applied Arts and Sciences, and the reconstruction of Fort William Historical Park as it existed in the early 1800s have increased the community profile as an education entree and tourist destination.

Part 3 Collage

Landscape: Largely wooded area, many slopes and hills. Some mountains. These pictures show that

Water: Thunder Bay borders Lake Superior, which is one of the Great lakes. Here you can see the Sleeping Giant, which is also on Lake Superior, and to the East of Thunder Bay.

Soil: Not much soil, thin layer with patches of exposed bedrock. This picture shows that despite the little soil, biodiversity is prevalent.

Climate: Humid Continental. Proximity to Superior results in moderated climate, cooler in summer, warmer in winter.The average daily temperatures range from 17.6 °C in July to −14.8 °C in January. The city also holds Ontario's record for coldest day with wind chill. This picture of my residence in Thunder Bay shows that it is sunny there, but the shade and wind makes it cool.

Black bears are very numerous in Thunder Bay. There are 30-50 bruins per 100 square kilometers within the Thunder Bay region.

There are many species of birds in Thunder Bay. This bird of prey lived in a wildlife reserve within the city. The more common birds are ducks and geese.

This goat was also in a wildlife reserve area. I honestly chose it because its funny looking. There aren’t goats just roaming around the city.

Moose are common in Thunder Bay. Around 50, 000 moose are spread around NW Ontario. It is commonly found in forested portions of Thunder Bay, along with several white-tailed deer.

There are squirrels all over town in Thunder Bay. I caught a picture of this squirrel near the Kakabeka falls.

Common Species of Wildlife: Skunks, bears, deer, duck, geese, moose, turkey, woodcock, pigeons, squirrels, foxes.

There are many difference species of flowers in Thunder Bay. Pine, spruce, aspen, poplar and larch trees are abundant within the forests in Canada’s Boreal. Sphagnum moss is also prominent and is highly absorbent. It can hold up to twenty times its weight in water. There are many berries such as salmonberries, high bush blueberries, large cranberries, black and red huckleberries and western serviceberries which all grow plentifully in the Boreal region Specifically pertaining to flowers, there are English daisies, marsh marigolds, wild geraniums, Canada lilies and Canada violets in this region, as well as many more. The flora in Thunder Bay is characterized by its great biodiversity and colorful appearance.

This is a picture of pictures. I chose it because it has a couple of photos of my ancestors on my dad’s side, who lived in Thunder Bay way back when. I thought it would be cool to show the history of the people. The next image shows a native woman sewing beads onto her clothing. There is a vast native population. 8.2 percent of the population is aboriginal. That photo underneath is my grandfather waving. He was born in Thunder Bay and his family has a long history there. This photo shows how rural Thunder Bay was and still is. This guy is somehow related to me, though I’m not sure how. Thunder Bay used to be a prevalent camping and rural area. Even now it is certainly nowhere near as urbanized as Montreal or Toronto. It has stuck with its rural roots. As you are reading this, you are saying the word “rural” in your head a bunch of times. I did that on purpose.

�Part 4

Identify ways that you might be able to reduce your footprint and provide ideas about how you would do this.

Housing- When I move out, I could purchase a house that is pre-built, instead of using valuable resources to build a new one. To reduce operational costs, which have a much larger impact than construction, I could install solar panels to reduce electricity costs and benefit the environment. A less drastic approach would be lowering the heating in the winter and wearing a sweater instead, turning off faucets, and turning off lights when exiting the room. I always forget to turn off the lights, so that would be a major improvement.

Food- I could buy more organic and locally grown food. I could also buy less food altogether and focus on eating leftovers instead of having so many new meals.

Transportation- I could purchase an environmentally friendly car, though our car is already quite environmentally friendly. I could also use public transit, since that is far better for the environment, but there is no day to day public transit available for me, so that is not a legitimate option in my case.

Consumer Goods- I could buy goods without excessive packaging on them. I could buy more used clothing. I could also buy less useless items like souvenirs or knick knacks like that.

Services- The government could reduce its impact by recycling more and using less paper. (Note: You said this answer was sufficient)

The ecological footprint system was invented by a group of ecologists at the University of British Columbia, and segregates major human activities into categories. It then converts these activities to equivalent land areas, to show the amount of space necessary to support what we do. The concept of the ecological footprint gives people a basis for understanding what they are doing to the environment and to the ability of the Earth to sustain our population. As they come to a greater understanding of their ecological footprints, they will have a basis for planning how they live their lifestyles enjoyably, while having the lives of the younger generations in mind. They will be able to better measure the impact they have on the Earth by assessing the damage done through housing, consumer goods, food, transportation, and services.

The five kinds of productive land

1. Crop land refers to the land where crops are grown and harvested. 2. Pasture land refers to the pastures where cows, pigs, or other animals roam around and graze. 3. Forested land refers the land that meets the prerequisites to fit in to the ecological characterization of a “forest”. 4. Degraded land means land that used to be productive and that has been turned into land with non-productive uses such as highways or urban areas. 5. Energy land is known as virtual land. It is basically a measurement of the amount of forested land necessary in order to eliminate the carbon dioxide released by our energy consumption. It is measured by forested land because trees complete the process of photosynthesis which converts the carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. It doesn’t reflect all of the environmental impacts and costs pertaining to energy use, but it does consider its effect on global warming.

The five activities Housing-subsections: Construction, Operation. Food-subsection: None. Transportation-subsections: People (private), People (public), Goods. Consumer Goods-subsections: Packaging, Clothing, Furniture and appliances, Books and magazines, Tobacco and alcohol, Personal care (aka tobacco and alcohol), Recreation equipment. Services-subsections: Government and military, Education, Health care, Tourism, Entertainment, Other.

4 a. How much productive land would be needed to provide for all the people of Canada? Multiply 8.6 hectares by Canada’s population of 35, 000, 000. 8.6 x 35, 000, 000 = 301, 000, 000.

Is there enough productive land in Canada to support our current population? Canada has about 434, 477, 000 hectares of productive land. Compare this number to your answer to A and determine the size of surplus or deficit of productive land. There is enough productive land. There is a surplus of 133, 477, 000 hectares.

Now, calculate Canada’s Carrying Capacity. Divide the total productive land by 8.6 hectares. How many people could Canada support? Canada could support 50, 520, 581.4 people.

Within my local community I use transportation as a service, education as a service, and shelter as a product. Productive land such as the Central Experimental Farm is used for agriculturally productive purposes. From nearby parts of Canada, I use locally grown fruits and vegetables and other foods, to prevent exposure to chemicals from long shipping transports and to boost the local economy. From distant parts of Canada, such as the breadbasket or the Prairies, I get bread. I have also bought a cereal called “Holy Crap” that came all the way from Vancouver B.C.! (Shmuel told me about it and I just had to try it).

From foreign countries (AKA China) I get everything else. For example toys, furniture, clothing, accessories, knick knacks, etc. Outsourced labour is the best!

Part 4