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H-Ternary Line Codes

The hybrid (H-) ternary line code operates on a hybrid principle that combines the binary non-return-to-zero-level (NRZ-L) and the polar return-to-zero (RZ) codes and thus it is called H-ternary.

The H-ternary code has three levels for signal representation; these are positive (+), zero (0), and negative (-). These three levels are represented by three states. The state of the line code could be in any one of these three states. A transition takes place to the next state as a result of a binary input 1 or 0 and the encoder output present state. The encoding procedure is as follows (Glass and Bastaki 2001, Glass et al. 2001).

(1)	The encoder produces + level when the input is a binary 1 whether the encoder output present state is at 0 or – level.

(2)	The encoder produces – level when the input is a binary 0 whether the encoder output present state is at 0 or + level.

(3)	The encoder produces 0 level when the input is binary 1 and the encoder present state is + level or when the input is binary 0 and the encoder present state is – level.

(4)	Initially, the encoder output present state is assumed at 0 level when the first bit arrives at the encoder input. The new line-coding scheme violates the encoding rule of NRZ-L when a sequence of 1s or 0s arrives and hence, it overcomes some of their deficiencies. During the violation period for a run of 1s or 0s, it operates on the same encoding rule of the polar RZ but with pulse occupancy of full period.

It is evident that NRZ-L and polar RZ codes have some deficiencies compared to the proposed H-ternary encoding scheme. NRZ-L code lacks sufficient timing information when the binary signal remains at one level in of either 1 or 0. This has direct influence on synchronising the receiver clock with that of the transmitter and, as a result, has impact on the detection of the received digital signal. The H-ternary code has also timing superiority compared to the other similar ternary codes.

Other ternary line code such as alternative mark inversion (AMI) is also lacking the timing information when a run of zeros needs to be transmitted. This draw back has been relatively overcame with the use of its modified version the high density bipolar with three zeros substitution (HDB3).

On the other hand, the new code is having a smaller bandwidth in comparison with the polar RZ code. The latter has its frequency spectral components concentrated at twice the original binary data rate due to the fact that the polar RZ code has a pulse duty cycle of 50 percent.

H-Ternary Codes presented by: Dr. Eesa Bastaki, Dr. Abdullatif Glass & Dr. Nedhal Abdulaziz

Dr. Eesa Bastaki, Ph.D. Director, Education & Technology, Dubai Silicon Oasis Authority



Personal Information:

Dr. Eesa Bastaki was born in Dubai on the 25th of December 1955. He is married and has three sons: Marwan (25), Yahya (21) and Mohammed (16).

School Education:

He completed his elementary and intermediate school from Al-Shaab School in Dubai and his secondary school from Jamal Abdulnaser School in Dubai.

Higher Education:

Dr. Eesa Bastaki received his Bachelor’s & Master’s degrees in Electrical Engineering from University of California, San Diego and Ph.D. from University of California, Irvine.

His research interests are Digital Communications, Coding, Spread Spectrum Communications, Synchronization and Stochastic Processes.

Profession:

He worked as a Teaching Assistant in UAE University from 1981 until 1989. He was a faculty member in the Electrical Engineering Department at UAE University from 1989 until 2003. During his career he held many posts. He was the Chairman of the Energy Section during 1990-1991, and Chairman of the Technology Section during 1991-1992 at the Technology & Energy Research Center, UAEU. He was the Assistant Dean for Student Affairs from 1992 to 1996 and later on from 1998 to 2000 he was the Director of the Information Technology Center at UAEU. Until 2008, he was the Director of Education and Technology Department at Dubai Silicon Oasis Authority.

Currently, he is the CEO of ICT Fund in UAE.

Professional Activities:

Chairman & Partner	Barajeel Engineering Consultants	1992-present

IT Project Manager	Al-Ain Municipality	2000-2003

Chairman, Technical Committee	Emirates Science Club	1998-present

Chairman of the Board	Emirates Science Club	1998-present

General Coordinator	Graduation Projects Unit, UAEU	2001-2003

He is also the Honorary Chairman of Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE], UAE Section. He is a member of Society of Engineers. He was a member of New York Academy of Sciences from 1995 to 1999.

Honors and Awards:

He received UAE's highest Awards, which is, Emirates Excellence Awards in Sciences, 2009

Sheikh Rashid's Award for Scientific Excellence	1990

Certificate of Appreciation, IEEE Communications Society	1999

Tens of Certificates from different government agencies and private companies	1992-present

Related Web Links:


 * Eesa Bastaki
 * Dubai Silicon Oasis
 * IEEE
 * | IEEE UAE Section
 * ICT Fund